Reactive Power Compensation Using TCSC
Reactive Power Compensation Using TCSC
Reactive Power Compensation Using TCSC
INTRODUCTION
FACTS are defined by the IEEE as "a power electronic based system and other static
equipment that provide control of one or more AC transmission system parameters to enhance
controllability and increase power transfer capability."[5]
FACTS Increase the reliability of AC grids and reduce power delivery costs. They improve
transmission quality and efficiency of power transmission by supplying inductive or reactive
power to the grid.[5]
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Understanding FACTS by Narain Hingorani-the subject matter of this book and a relatively
new technology has the principal role to enhance controllability and power transfer
capability in ac systems. FACTS involves conversion and/or switching power electronics
in the range of a few tens to a few hundred megawatts. describes various series Controllers
essentially for control of the transmission line current, mainly the Thyristor-Controlled
Series Capacitor (TCSC)
“Design and implementation of TSC-TCR for reactive power ompensation “by Malvik
k Lad,Patil Kalpesh,International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in
Engineering,Vol. 3 issue No. 5, 2016. This paper of svc system that include TSC-TCR
section though simulink of matlab.the simulation result show that TSC-TCR has good
effect in maintaining voltage when the industrial loads is steady moments it also have
ability of stability control .KVAR given by TSC is absorbed by TCR .the firing angle
range of TCR is selected in such way that harmonic produced .the completely work as
an important devices of reactive power compensation
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CHAPTER 3
REPORT ON PRESENT INVESTIGATIONS
Reactive power compensation is defined as the management of reactive power to improve the
performance of ac power systems. The concept of reactive power compensation embraces a diverse
field of both system and customer problems, especially related with power quality issues, since
most of power quality problems can be attenuated or solved with an adequate control of reactive
power[4]
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In commercial and industrial electrical loads include induction motor driven equipment such as
elevators, pumps, presses, DC motors, power transformers, welding machines, and arc furnaces
are mostly inductive in nature. Inductive load consumes reactive power in addition to the active
power to do useful work. Reactive power required by inductive loads increases the amount of
apparent power ( kVA) in the distribution system. This is important a low power factor can waste
energy, result in inefficient use of electrical power.
FACTS are devices are which can be inserted into power grids series, in shunt, a both in shunt and
series for reactive power compensation & hence for unity power factor control.[4]
It is further classified as
3.3.1 Shunt Connected Controllers
a) Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)
b) Static Synchronous Generator (SSG)
c) Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
d) Supercondacting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)
e) Static Var Compensator (SVC)
f) Thyristor Controlled Reactor (ICR)
g) Thyristor Switched Reactor (TSR)
h) Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC)
3.3.2 Series Connected Controllers
a) Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC
b) Interline Power Flow Connoller (IPFC):
c) Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)
d) Thyristor-Switched Series Capacitor (TSSC):
e) Thyristor-Controlled Series Reactor (TCSR)
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f) Thyristor-Switched Series Reactor(TSSR)
3.3.3 Combined Shunt and Series Connected Controllers
a) Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC):
b) Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer (TCPST):
c) Interphase Power Controller (IPC)
Thyristor blocked Operating Mode:When the thyristor valve is not triggered and the
thyristors are kept in non conducting state, the TCSC is operating in blocking mode. In
this mode, the TCSC performs like a fixed series capacitor
Thyristor bypass Operating mode:In bypass mode the thyristor valve is triggered
continuously and the valve stays conducting all the time; so the TCSC behaves like a
parallel connection of the series capacitor with the inductor, Ls in the thyristor valve
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branch. In this mode, the resulting voltage in the steady state across the TCSC is
inductive and the valve current is somewhat bigger than the line current due to the
current generation in the capacitor bank. For practical TCSC’s with ratio (XL/XC)
between 0.1 to 0.3 ranges, the capacitor voltage at a given line current is much lower in
bypass than in blocking mode
Vernier Operating Mode:In Vernier control the TCSC dynamics are varied
continuously by controlling the firing angle. The firing angle is possible from 0deg to
90deg for each half cycle when it is generated from the zero crossing of the line current
hence divided into two parts:[2]
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b) Capacitive Boost mode:In capacitive boost mode a trigger pulse is supplied to
the thyristor having forward voltage just before the capacitor voltage crosses the
zero line, so a capacitor discharge current pulse will circulate through the
parallel inductive branch. The discharge current pulse adds to the line current
through the capacitor and causes a capacitor voltage that adds to the voltage
caused by the line current. The capacitor peak voltage thus will be increased in
proportion to the charge that passes through the thyristor branch. The
fundamental voltage also increases almost proportionally to the charge. From
the system point of view, this mode inserts capacitors to the line up to nearly
three times the fixed capacitor. This is the normal operating mode of TCSC[2]
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Fig. 4 Practical circuit of TCSC
Basically, it comprises a series capacitor, in parallel with a Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR),
Ls. A Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV), essentially a nonlinear resistor, is connected across the
series capacitor to prevent the occurrence of high capacitor over voltages. Not only does the
MOV limit the voltage across the capacitor, but it allows the capacitor to remain in the circuit
even during fault conditions and helps improve the transient stability. A circuit breaker is also
installed across the TCSC module to bypass it if a severe fault or equipment malfunction occurs.
A current limiting inductor, Ld is incorporated in the circuit to restrict both the magnitude
and the frequency of the capacitor current during the capacitor bypass operation[2]
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CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 BASIC TCSC MODEL
4.1.1 For RL Load
Vtg(tcsc)-56V,V(rms)-154.8V ,Vo-162.73V
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4.2 TCSC MODELLING IN POWER SYSTEM
4.2.1 Model with RL load
Vtg(tcsc)-56V,V(rms)-154.8V ,Vo-162.73V
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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
This paper is to analyze the actual behavior of the TCSC FACTS device. The steps followed to
develop a model is assumed that only the open loop impedance control mode is embedded in the
TCSC control system and as a result, the firing angle could be taken as one of the inputs to the
TCSC’s controller part to vary its reactance to get the desired results.The TCSC has been operated
in two modes(1)inductive mode and (2)capacitive mode.The objective of this project is to analyze
and investigate the impact of series compensation using TCSC on the performance of impedance
based power system model under normal operation and fault conditions at different firing
delays.The future scope is to study the impact of TCSC on protection of the lines, both aspects of
the TCSC operation, contribution of the TCSC to power system operation and control along with
its hardware designing on a small scale laboratory model.
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CHAPTER 6
REFERENCES
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