Notes Important Questions Answers 12th Math Chapter 2 Exercise 2.3
Notes Important Questions Answers 12th Math Chapter 2 Exercise 2.3
Notes Important Questions Answers 12th Math Chapter 2 Exercise 2.3
3 (Solutions)
MathCity.org Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
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dx dx
d d − 3 d
= x −3 + 2 x 2 + ( 3)
dx dx dx
3 − −1
3
= −3 x −3−1 + 2 − x 2 + 0
2
5
dy −
⇒ = −3 x − 4 − 3 x 2
dx
dy 1 1
or = −3 4 + 5 2
dx x x
Question # 3
a+x
a−x
a+x
Solution Let y =
a−x
d d
dy d a + x (a − x) (a + x) − (a + x) (a − x)
Now = = dx dx
2
dx dx a − x (a − x)
=
( a − x )( 0 + 1) − ( a + x )( 0 − 1)
2
(a − x)
FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 2
=
( a − x )(1) − ( a + x )( −1)
2
(a − x)
a−x+a+x 2a
= 2
= 2
Answer
(a − x) (a − x)
Question # 4
2x − 3
2x + 1
2x − 3
Solution Let y=
2x + 1
dy d 2 x − 3
Now =
dx dx 2 x + 1
d d
( 2 x + 1) ( 2 x − 3) − ( 2 x − 3) ( 2 x + 1)
= dx dx
2
( 2 x + 1)
=
( 2 x + 1)( 2 − 0 ) − ( 2 x − 3)( 2 + 0 )
2
( 2 x + 1)
=
( 2 x + 1)( 2 ) − ( 2 x − 3)( 2 )
2
( 2 x + 1)
2 ( 2 x + 1 − 2 x + 3)
= 2
( 2 x + 1)
2( 4) 8
= 2
= 2
Answer
[
( 2 x + 1) ( 2 x + 1)
Question # 5
( x − 5 )( 3 − x )
Solution Let y = ( x − 5 )( 3 − x )
= 3 x − x 2 − 15 + 5 x
= − x 2 + 8 x − 15
Now
dy dy
=
dx dx
(
− x 2 + 8 x − 15 )
dy d d
=
dx
( )
− x 2 + 8 ( x ) − (15 )
dx dx
2 −1
= −2 x + 8 (1) − 0 = −2 x + 8 Answer
Question # 6
2
1
x−
x
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FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 3
2
1
Solution Let y = x −
x
2
1
( x ) 1
2
= ( x) +
x
−2
x
1
= x+ − 2 = x + x −1 − 2
x
Now diff. w.r.t x
dy d d d d
dx
=
dx
( dx dx
)
x + x −1 − 2 = ( x) + ( x −1 ) − (2)
dx
−1−1 −2
= 1 + ( −1 ⋅ x ) − 0 = 1 − x
1 x2 − 1
= 1− 2 = Answer
x x2
Question # 7
(1 + x ) ( x − x )
3/2
Solution Consider y =
(1 + x ) ( x − x ) 3/2
x
x 1 − x 2
1
(1 + x )
=
x
=
(
x 1+ x ) (1 − x ) 3
Since x 2 = x
1+ 1
2
x
1 −
( )
2 2
( ) x
x
=
x
1 1 3
= x (1 − x ) = x (1 − x ) = x − x
2 2 2
Now
d 2
1 3
dy
= x − x 2
dx dx
1 3
1 2 −1 3 2 −1
= x − x
2 2
1 1
1 −2 3 2
= x − x
2 2
1 1
= −3 x Answer
2 x
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FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 4
Question # 8
2
(x 2
)
+1
x2 − 1
2
Solution Let y =
(x 2
+1 )
x2 − 1
Differentiating w.r.t. x
x2 + 1 2 ( )
dy d
=
dx dx x − 1
2
d 2 2 2 d
x2 − 1 ( dx
) (
x + 1 − x2 + 1
dx
x2 − 1 ) ( ) ( )
= 2
x2 − 1 ( )
2 −1 d 2
dy ( x − 1) 2 ( x + 1)
2 2
dx
(x 2
) (
+ 1 − x2 + 1 ) (2x)
⇒ = 2
dx (x 2
−1 )
2
=
(x 2
) (
− 1 2 x2 + 1 ( 2x ) − x2 + 1 ) ( ) (2x)
2
(x 2
−1 )
2 x x 2 + 1 2 x 2 − 1 − x 2 + 1
( ) ( ) ( )
= 2
( )
x2 − 1
2 x ( x + 1) 2 x − 2 − x − 1
2 2 2
= 2
( x − 1) 2
2 x ( x + 1)( x − 3)
2 2
= 2
Answer
( x − 1) 2
Question # 9
x2 + 1
x2 − 3
x2 + 1
Solution Let y = 2
x −3
Differentiating w.r.t. x
dy d x2 + 1
=
dx dx x 2 − 3
d 2 d 2
x2 − 3 ( dx
) (
x + 1 − x2 + 1
dx
x −3 ) ( ) ( )
= 2
x2 − 3 ( )
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FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 5
=
(x 2
−3 ) ( 2x ) − ( x 2
)
+ 1 ( 2x )
=
(
2 x x2 − 3 − x2 − 1 )
2 2
( x − 3)
2
(x 2
−3 )
2 x ( − 4) − 8x
= 2
= 2
Answer
(x 2
−3 ) (x 2
−3 )
Question # 10
1+ x
1− x
12
1+ x 1+ x
Solution Let y = =
1− x 1− x
12
dy d 1+ x
Now =
dx dx 1 − x
1 −1
1 1 + x 2 d 1 + x
=
2 1 − x dx 1 − x
(1 − x )
d d
− 1 (1 − x ) (1 + x ) − ( 1 + x )
1 1+ x 2
dx dx
= 2
2 1− x (1 − x )
1
1 1 − x 2 (1 − x )(1) − (1 + x )( −1)
=
2 1 + x (1 − x )
2
1 1
1 (1 − x ) 2 1 − x + 1 + x (1− x) 2 2
= = 1 2
2 (1 + x ) 12 (1 − x )2 2 (1 + x ) 2 (1 − x )
1 1
= 1 1 = 3 Answer
2−
[[
(1 + x ) (1 − x )
2 2 1 + x (1 − x ) 2
Question # 11
2x − 1
x2 + 1
2x − 1
Solution Let y =
x2 + 1
Differentiating w.r.t. x
dy d 2x − 1
=
dx dx x 2 + 1 1/2
( )
1/2 d d 1/2
(x 2
+1 ) dx
( 2 x − 1) − ( 2 x − 1) x 2 + 1
dx
( )
=
1/2 2
(( x2 + 1 ) )
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FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 6
) ( 2) − ( 2 x − 1) 12 ( x + 1) dxd ( x
1/2 −1/2
(x 2
+1 2 2
+ 1)
=
( x + 1) 2
1/2 1
2 ( x + 1) − ( 2 x − 1)
2
(2 x) 1/2
2 ( x + 1) 2
=
( x + 1) 2
1 1/2 2x2 − x
=
x2 + 1
2
2 x +1 − (
)
(
) x 2
+ 1
1/2
( )
1 2x2 + 2 − 2x2 + x
=
( x2 + 1 )
1/2
x 2
+ 1 ( )
x+2 x+2
= or 3/2
Answer
(x 2
)
+1 x +12
(x 2
)
+1
Question # 12
a−x
a+x
Solution
Do yourself as Question # 10
Question # 13
x2 + 1
x2 − 1
x2 + 1
Solution Let y =
x2 − 1
1
x 2
+ 12
= 2
x −1
Differentiating w.r.t x .
1
dy d x2 + 1 2
=
dx dx x 2 − 1
−1
1 x +1 2 2 d x2 + 1
= 2
2 x −1 dx x 2 − 1
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FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 7
1
1 x − 1 ( x 2 − 1)(2 x) − ( x 2 + 1)(2 x)
2 2
= 2
2 x +1 x 2
− 1
2
( )
1 x 2 − 1 2 x3 − 2 x − 2 x 3 − 2 x
=
2 x2 + 1 x 2
− 1
2
( )
1 x 2 − 1 −4 x
=
2 x2 + 1 x2 − 1 ( )
2
−2 x 2 − 1 −2
= 2
= 1
(x 2
−1 ) x2 + 1
(x 2
−1)
2−
2 x2 + 1
−2
= 3
Answer
(x 2
−1 ) 2 x +1 2
Question # 14
1+ x − 1− x
1+ x + 1− x
1+ x − 1− x
Solution Assume y =
1+ x + 1− x
1+ x − 1− x 1+ x − 1− x
= ⋅ Rationalizing
1+ x + 1− x 1+ x − 1− x
2
=
( 1+ x − 1− x )
2 2
( 1+ x ) ( − 1− x )
2 2
=
( 1+ x ) + ( 1− x ) −2 ( 1+ x )( 1− x )
1+ x −1+ x
1 + x + 1 − x − 2 (1 + x )(1 − x )
=
2x
) 2
1
2 − 2 1 − x2
2 1 − 1 − x 2 (
= =
2x 2x
1
=
1− 1− x ( )
2 2
x
Now differentiation w.r.t x
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FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 8
1
dy
=
d 1 − 1 − x (
2 2
)
dx dx x
d 2 2 d
11
x 1 − 1 − x 2
dx
(
) 2
− 1 − 1 − x dx x
( )
= 2
x
1 1 1 −1 d 1
=
x2
⋅ x 0 − 1 − x2 2 ( )
1 − x 2 − 1 − 1 − x 2 ( ) ( ) 2
(1)
2 dx
1 1 1
2 −2 2 2
1
=
x2
⋅ x − 1− x ( )
(−2 x) − 1 + 1 − x ( )
2
2 1
1 x2 1
2 1 x − 1 − x 2 2
(+ 1 − x2 )
= 2 ⋅
x 1 −1 + 1 − x
2
( ) = x2 ⋅ 1
( 2
1 − x 2 ) 1− x 2 2
( )
2 2
1
1 1− 1− x
= 2 ⋅
( = 1− ) 1 − x2
Answer
1
x x 2
1− x 2
1 (
− x 2 2
)
Question # 15
x a+x
a−x
1
x a+x a+x 2
Solution Let y = = x
a−x a−x
Diff. w.r.t. x
1
dy d a+x 2
= x
dx dx a − x
1 1
d a+x 2
a+x 2 d
= x + x ……….. (i)
dx a − x a−x dx
1 1 −1
d a+x 2 1 a + x d a+x 2
Now =
dx a − x 2 a − x dx a − x
d d
1a + x
−1
2 ( a − x) (a + x) − ( a + x) (a − x)
dx dx
= 2
2 a − x (a − x)
1
1 a − x 2 ( a − x ) (1) − ( a + x )( −1)
=
2 a + x (a − x)
2
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FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 9
1
1 (a − x)2 a − x + a + x 1 1 2a
= = ⋅
2 ( a + x ) 12 ( a − x )2 2 ( a + x ) 12 ( a − x ) − 12 ( a − x )2
a a
= 1 1 = 1 3
2−
(a + x)2 (a − x) 2 (a + x) 2 (a − x) 2
Using in eq. (i)
1
dy a a+x 2
= x⋅ 1 3 + (1)
dx (a + x) (a − x)
2 2 a − x
1
=
ax
+
(a + x) 2
1 3 1
(a + x) (a − x)
2 2 (a − x) 2
ax + ( a + x )( a − x ) ax + a 2 − x 2
= 1 3 = 3 Answer
(a + x) 2 (a − x) 2 a + x (a − x) 2
Question # 16
1 dy
If y = x − , show that 2 x + y = 2 x
x dx
1
Solution Since y = x −
x
1 1
−
2 2
= x −x
Diff. w.r.t. x
dy d 12 −1
= x − x 2
dx dx
1 − 1 1 − 3
= x 2+ x 2
2 2
Multiplying by 2x
dy 1 −1 1 −3 dy − 1 +1 − 3 +1
2x = 2x x 2 + 2x x 2 ⇒ 2x = x 2 +x 2
dx 2 2 dx
dy 1 −1
2x = x2 +x 2
dx
Adding y on both sides
dy 1 −1
2x + y = x 2 + x 2 + y
dx
dy 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1
⇒ 2x + y = x 2 + x 2 + x 2 − x 2 ∵ y= x2 −x 2
dx
dy 1 dy
⇒ 2x + y = 2x 2 ⇒ 2x + y = 2 x Proved
[
dx dx
Question # 17
dy
If y = x 4 + 2 x 2 + 2 , prove that = 4x y − 1
dx
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FSc-II / Ex- 2.3 - 10
Solution Since y = x 4 + 2 x 2 + 2
dy d 4
Now
dx
=
dx
(
x + 2 x2 + 2 )
dy
⇒
dx
(
= 4 x 4−1 + 2 2 x 2−1 + 0 )
= 4 x3 + 4 x
dy
⇒
dx
( )
= 4 x x 2 + 1 ……… (i)
Now y = x4 + 2x2 + 2
⇒ y − 1 = x4 + 2 x2 + 2 − 1
2
= x4 + 2 x2 + 1 = ( x2 + 1 )
(
⇒ y − 1 = x2 + 1 ) i.e. (x 2
+1 =) y −1
Using it in eq. (i), we have
dy
⇒ = 4x y −1 as required.
dx
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