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    Lecture Notes: Subject: Management Process and Organizational Behaviour

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    Avinash Love
    Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It is both an art and a science. As a science, management establishes cause-and-effect relationships and principles through research. As an art, it involves personal skills, practical knowledge, creativity, and constant practice. Effective management requires technical skills, conceptual skills, and human skills. The primary functions of managers at all levels are planning, organizing, staffing, directing/leading, and controlling.

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    Lecture Notes: Subject: Management Process and Organizational Behaviour

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    Avinash Love
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    Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It is both an art and a science. As a science, management establishes cause-and-effect relationships and principles through research. As an art, it involves personal skills, practical knowledge, creativity, and constant practice. Effective management requires technical skills, conceptual skills, and human skills. The primary functions of managers at all levels are planning, organizing, staffing, directing/leading, and controlling.

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    Management concepts

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    Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It is both an art and a science. As a science, management establishes cause-and-effect relationships and principles through research. As an art, it involves personal skills, practical knowledge, creativity, and constant practice. Effective management requires technical skills, conceptual skills, and human skills. The primary functions of managers at all levels are planning, organizing, staffing, directing/leading, and controlling.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views6 pages

    Lecture Notes: Subject: Management Process and Organizational Behaviour

    Uploaded by

    Avinash Love
    Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It is both an art and a science. As a science, management establishes cause-and-effect relationships and principles through research. As an art, it involves personal skills, practical knowledge, creativity, and constant practice. Effective management requires technical skills, conceptual skills, and human skills. The primary functions of managers at all levels are planning, organizing, staffing, directing/leading, and controlling.

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    of 6

    LECTURE NOTES

    SUBJECT: MANAGEMENT PROCESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

    Management: Concept and Nature

    1. As an economic resource
    Like other factors of production, management is a vital factor of production
    2. As a team ( group of persons)
    Guides & direct the efforts of other individuals
    3. As an Academic Discipline
    Academic body of knowledge that can be learned
    4. Management as a process
    Define aims & objectives
    5. Management as a Human Process
    Management is with and through people

    Definition of management by Harold Koontz


    “Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally
    organized groups”.

    Nature & Features of Management


    1. Universal- Required in any form of group activity
    2. Purposeful- Management exists for the achievement of specific objectives
    3. Unifying force- Coordination of individual efforts into team
    4. Social Process- Concerned with interpersonal relations
    5. Multidisciplinary- Depends upon knowledge derived from several disciplines
    6. Continous process
    7. Intangible- Cannot be seen but can only be felt
    8. Art as well as science

    Main elements of an art are:

    1. Personal skills
    2. Practical Know how
    3. Result orientation
    4. Creativity
    5. Constant practice
    Management as a science as:
     It contains all essentials of science
     Establishes cause and effect relationship
     Contains underlying principles & theories developed through continuous
    observation, experimentation and research
     Organised body of knowledge can be taught in classrooms and in industry

    Nature of Science of Management

     Social science ( involves study of human behavior)


     Principles are less exact
     Applied science as principles are to be applied
     Interdisciplinary science

    MANAGEMENT AS A PROFESSION

    Features of Profession

    1. Body of specialized knowledge of principles therefore management is profession


    2. Formalized methods of acquiring training & experience
    3. Establishment of Management association:
     To regulate behavior of members
     Create a code of conduct for guiding the activities of profession
     Promote and build up the bright public image of management
     Main function of association is to manage & coordinate the research work in areas
    of management
    4. Code of Conduct:
    In management no uniform code of conduct
    5. Priority of service to society over economic consideration.

    Conclusion:

    Management is a combination of art and science. It is emerging as a profession.


    LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

    In a large organization levels are classified as:

    (i) Top Management ( Board of Directors & Chief Executive)


    (ii) Middle Management (Sectional Heads)
    (iii) Lower Management ( Supervisors, foreman, sales officers)

    Skills of a Manager

    1. Technical Skills: Knowledge & proficiency in handling methods, processes & techniques
    2. Conceptual Skills: Ability to see the organization as a whole, to recognize the
    interrelationships in functions
    3. Human Skills: Abilities needed

    Role of a Manager

    1. Interpersonal
    2. Informational
    3. Decisional

    FUNCTIONS OF MANAGERS

    1. Planning
    2. Organizing
    3. Staffing
    4. Directing/Leading
    5. Controlling

    PLANNING

    *Determination of course of action to achieve the desired result.

    * Deciding in advance what to do, when to do, how to do, who is to do it and how the results
    are to be evaluated.

    * Systematic thinking about the ways and means for the accomplishment of predetermined
    objectives

    * Bridges the gap between where we are to where we want to go.


    Steps of Planning:

    1. Determination of goals or objectives


    2. Forecasting
    3. Searching of alternatives course of action.
    4. Evaluation of various alternatives & formulation of a plan
    5. Formulation of policies & programs, procedures
    6. Preparation of schedules, programs & budget

    ORGANISING

    By this management bring together the manpower and material resources for the achievement
    of pre-determined objectives

    Organisation is the process of establishing relationships among the members of the enterprise.

    Relationship created in terms of authority and responsibility.

    Steps of organizing:

    1. Identification of activities required for the achievement of objectives


    2. Grouping of activities to create well defined jobs
    3. Assignment of jobs to employees
    4. Delegation of authority to subordinates
    5. Establishment of authority-responsibility throughout the organization

    STAFFING

    This pertains to recruitment, selection, training, development and appraisal of personnel.

    Staffing comprises of following sub-functions

    (i) Manpower planning


    (ii) Recruitment
    (iii) Selection
    (iv) Placement and Orientation
    (v) Transfer, promotion
    (vi) Training & Development

    DIRECTING/LEADING
    Determining the course of action, giving orders and instructions and providing dynamic
    leadership

    Sub-function of directing are:

    (i) Communication
    (ii) Leadership
    (iii) Motivation
    (iv) Supervision

    CONTROLLING

    Measurement and correction of the performance against the pre- determined standards

    Steps of controlling

    (i) Establishment of standards


    (ii) Measurement of performance( quantity, quality, cost & time)
    (iii) Appraisal of performance
    (iv) Taking corrective Action

    COORDINATION

    Blending the activities of different individuals & groups of individuals for the achievement of
    certain objectives

    Features of coordination

    (i) Orderly arrangement of group efforts


    (ii) Purpose to secure unity of action toward objectives
    (iii) Needed at all levels
    (iv) Essence of managing

    INTERRELATION AMONG FUNCTIONS

     Theoretically separate
     Practically overlapping
     Highly inseparable
     Each function affects the other function
     No rigid sequence
     All functions side by side
     Interrelationship makes management comples

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