SPWLA Today Newsletter Vol2 No4

ISSUE 4 | VO L 2 | J U LY 2 0 1 9
THE
SPWLA TODAY
NEWSLETTER
60th Anniversary • 1959–2019
SOCIETY OF
YSTS
P E T RO
PH
AL
YS
ICIS AN
G
T S AND WELL LO
INSIDE THIS EDITION
Calendar of Events ............................................................................................................................................... 03

From the President .............................................................................................................................................. 04
Board of Director Reports
Regional Understandings ............................................................................................................................. 07
North America 1................................................................................................................................ 07
North America 2................................................................................................................................ 10
Middle East and Africa ...................................................................................................................... 11
Learning OpportuniƟes ................................................................................................................................ 12
InformaƟve Technology ............................................................................................................................... 13
From the Editor .................................................................................................................................................... 17
60th Annual Well Logging Symposium ................................................................................................................ 18
ArƟcles
SPWLA in the 1980s ...................................................................................................................................... 26
On the Role of the Petrophysicist ................................................................................................................. 30
Sta�s�cally Evaluated Petrophysical Summaries: Some Issues with Spa�al Correla�on and
Cutoﬀs in the Treatment of Random Measurement and Parameter Errors.................................................. 31
Rt-SIG: Publica�on of Technical Documents on Deep Azimuthal Resis�vity LWD Services .......................... 56
Technology InnovaƟons ....................................................................................................................................... 60
Baker Hughes, a GE Company ....................................................................................................................... 60
Halliburton .................................................................................................................................................... 61
Schlumberger ................................................................................................................................................ 62
The Bridge .......................................................................................................................................................... 63
Perspec�ves of Young Professionals on New Trends in O&G Upstream Engineering and Technology ......... 63
An interview with Don Westaco�, Chief Advisor, Global Unconven�onal Reservoirs for Halliburton.......... 66
Happy Hour Announcement ......................................................................................................................... 70
Membership Benet Survey Results ................................................................................................................... 72
Chapter and SIG News ......................................................................................................................................... 76
In Memoriam ....................................................................................................................................................... 89
Alain Brie
New Members ..................................................................................................................................................... 90
Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019
2
The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts
Board of Directors 2019–2020
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
President
Jesus Salazar
VP Finance, Secretary,
and Administration
September 16–19, 2019
Marathon Oil Company Doug Patterson 11th UPC International Symposium
Houston, TX, USA Baker Hughes, a GE Company Theme: “New Well Logging Techniques”
(+1) 512-785-8979 Houston, Texas, USA
[email protected] (+1) 713 879-4056 School of Geosciences – China University of
[email protected] Petroleum (East China)
VP-Publications Qingdao, China
President-Elect
James Hemingway
Tom Neville www.spwla.org
Asia-Pacific Fm. Eval. Services
Consultant Brisbane, Australia
Manitou Springs, CO, USA
(+1) 281-433-5170
(+61) 416-672-392 September 25–26, 2019
[email protected]
[email protected] 25th Formation Evaluation Symposium of Japan
VP IT
JOGMEC-TRC
VP Technology Lin Liang Hostess by Japan Formation Evaluation Society –
Michael O’Keefe Schlumberger-Doll Research
Schlumberger A Chapter of SPWLA
Cambridge, MA, USA
Bucharest, Romania (+1) 617-335-4469 Chiba, Japan
(+40) 739-855-658 [email protected] https://jfes-spwla.org/symposium
[email protected]
VP Education June 20–24, 2020

Katerina Yared SPWLA 61st Annual Symposium
SM Energy
Highlands Ranch, CO, USA Banff, Alberta, Canada
(+1) 720-431-7482 www.spwla.org
[email protected]
REGIONAL DIRECTORS
N. America 1 Middle East/Africa
Adam Haecker Shouxiang (Mark) Ma
Continental Saudi Aramco
Oklahoma City, OK, USA Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
(+1) 979-587-1061 (+966) 3-874-5078
[email protected] [email protected]
N. America 2 Asia and Australia

Kelly Sckuce Jennifer Market
Obsidian Energy MPC Kinetic
Calgary, Canada Perth, Australia
(+1) 587-228-0203 (+1) 713-302-8325
Latin America Executive Director

Nadege Bize-Forest Sharon Johnson
Schlumberger SPWLA
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Houston, TX 77017
(+55) 21-97454-8772 (+1) 713-947-8727
Europe
Craig Lindsay
Core Specialist Services Ltd.
Aberdeenshire, United Kingdom
(+44) 7530-040117
[email protected]
Managing Editor Publication Manager

Stephen Prensky Anna Tarlton
(+1) 301-593-4966 InkSpot Printing
[email protected] 2301 S. Shaver
Pasadena, TX 77502, USA
(+1) 713-472-1100 About the Cover
[email protected]
See the 60th Annual Logging Symposium summary on
page 18.
Notice: Articles published in SPWLA Today are not subject to formal peer
review but are subject to editorial review and are verified for technical
consistency and relevance.
3
From the President
I’d like to start my first column as the 2019–2020 SPWLA President by acknowledging the
previous Board of Directors (BOD) and their contribution during the past 12 months. Not only I
recognize my predecessor, Zhipeng Liu and his Board, but also the past presidents who dedicated
countless hours of work and have passed the baton year after year with projects that continue
today. So, when you see Brett Wendt, Luis Quintero, Thaimar Ramirez, David Kennedy, and other
past presidents please say thank you for their selfless contribution to the SPWLA over the last
decade.
This year starts with a BOD that is no longer Houston-centered as many people used to say.
I’ll be working with a group of talented people hailing from Australia, Europe, the Middle East
and the Americas. We have five newcomers serving for the first time on the board and seven
Jesús M. Salazar returning veterans who will help me steer this vessel in turbulent and calm waters. Take a look
SPWLA President 2019–2020 at the map below showing where each BOD member is based around the world, I couldn’t have
[email protected] asked for a more diverse group of professionals.
Fig. 1—Work locations of the Board of Directors. Only two Board members live in Houston!
The 2019 SPWLA Symposium, held at The Woodlands, Texas, was an absolute success. At the moment of writing these lines,
the unofficial count of attendees surpassed 800, which was 30 to 40% above our expectations. This wouldn’t have been possible
without the leadership of the general chairman Jeff Crawford and his group of volunteers in the organizing committee, the VP
Technology, Jim Hemingway, and his technical committee, and VP IT Mehrnoosh Saneifar who managed the last-minute changes
in schedule from the Symposium app.
If you attended the Symposium you may remember Jeff walking the two floors and the exhibits over and over, he walked 8
to 10 miles a day making sure that everything went smoothly. But remember that no Symposium can happen without the two
powerful engines of the Society, Executive Director Sharon Johnson and Stephanie Turner. My appreciation goes to all these
volunteers, exhibitors, and authors that worked so hard to bring you a great show. I know that there were minor issues with
AV and the eposter area wasn’t great. However, we hope that you enjoyed the parallel sessions that we tried for the first time,
opening opportunities for a more relaxed schedules and 12 additional oral presentations.
4
From the President
Fig. 2—2019–2020 SPWLA Board of Directors. From left to right, Jim Hemingway, Katerina Yared, Thomas Neville, Jennifer Market, Adam Haecker,
Nadege Bize-Forest, Michael O’Keefe, Jesús M. Salazar, Kelly Skuce, and Lin Liang. Not in the picture: Doug Patterson, Mark Ma, and Craig Lindsay.
Photo by Sharon Johnson.
We take your feedback very seriously and during the Symposium we ran several surveys in the app. The sample was not
great, only 35 to 40 people responded to the survey. However, I still feel very happy with the results and I’m sharing them with
you in the next figure. Based on this survey I believe we got a B in technical quality, we strive to select excellent abstracts, but
remember that the papers are not peer-reviewed. However, having close to 30% above an 8 rating it’s an indication that there
were high-quality papers. Attendees seemed to be happy with the parallel sessions, prefer the new anonymous abstract review
format, and were very happy with the smart-phone app.
My last project as President-Elect was to form and lead an ad hoc committee to update SPWLA’s by-laws and chapters of
incorporation. This team was formed by fellow BOD members, Katerina Yared, Carlos Torres-Verdin, and Adam Haecker. We
focused our attention on a variety of topics, such as ethics, awards, elections, and the creation of a new permanent committee on
social media. The proposed changes were reviewed by the president, a past president, and finally by a lawyer. We’re still working
on the final touches before sending it to the membership for approval. The idea is to have members vote on each proposed
change individually. Expect an email in late summer requesting your vote, please cast a ballot. Another project completed in my
last post was to get the Symposium papers included into the Scopus database (world’s largest abstract and citation database). To
make this possible, we applied and were granted the assignment of the ISSN number to the SPWLA Symposium Transactions by
the Library of Congress. The objective is to increase citations of our publications (Petrophysics is already included) to encourage
industry professionals and researchers to continue writing for the SPWLA. I plan to continue working with the Board to keep
improving the quality and prestige of the SPWLA publications. Finally, I visited the University of Houston Student Chapter on
April 26. I presented a quick overview of the SPWLA mission, benefits to membership, and progress during the last couple
of years followed by a technical talk on source-rock petrophysics. I want to thank the University of Houston Student Chapter
President, Charles Adams, and Professor Lori Hathon for the invitation.
Commodity prices keep fluctuating, sometimes giving us heartburn. However, these days there are opportunities for jobs.
At the SPWLA we will try to reach out to members in transition every time we see an opening. But remember, “out sight out of
mind,” be visible. It is an exciting time to be involved with the SPWLA, I encourage everyone to volunteer, especially those young
professional (YP) who are early on their careers. It’s a great opportunity to network and learn from your more veteran peers
how to standout and find that next career opportunity. Start with your local chapter, or reach out to any of the Directors and ask
about volunteering options.
5
From the President
Fig. 3—Live surveys from the Symposium App, 10 is excellent and 1 is very poor. 100% thought that we must continue using the app in future Symposia.
The survey was only available to Symposium attendees using the app.
I live in the Houston and plan on attending a few local

seminars and also the social activities organized by the SPWLA
YP Group, which are always open to anyone interested in
rocks, fluids, and wiggles. It is my plan to get closer to the
membership by visiting chapter and championing the creation
of new SIG and professional and student chapters. I’m planning
on keeping you informed of all the BOD activities via this
magazine, social media, and regular email. Also remember,
that my email and social media channels are available for
any comments and suggestions anyone would like to make to
improve the SPWLA. I don’t promise to implement all of them,
but for sure will bring them to the board.
Sincerely,
Jesús M. Salazar
linkedin.com/in/spwla-socialmedia-454464105
Instagram @chichosalazarpetro
Fig.4—Receiving the speaker’s gift from Student Chapter President
Charles Adam (right) with Professors Mike Myers (left) and Lori Hathon
after my presentation at the University of Houston Student Chapter. Photo
by Rossy Salazar.
6
Regional Understandings – North America 1
Another Symposium Concluded and What a Symposium It Was!!
As I write this I have just returned from the Woodlands and the 60th Annual Symposium. It
was great seeing all colleagues old and new there. I noticed there were quite a few of our more
seasoned members who have made contributions to the society for over 40 years in attendance. I
attribute this to the fact that they likely did not have to travel very far to make the conference. One
gentleman even got up to quip, ”I need to come to these conferences more since I published this
exact paper in 1972!” Much to the chagrin of the audience and the consternation of the presenter.
I glanced over to see Roland Chemali, our esteemed past president, was almost rolling in the aisles
after that one.
The social scene was vibrant as always. Definite highlight of the week for me was going to the
Goose Acres bar next to the hotel with three of my Oklahoma City colleagues and chancing upon
Adam Haecker
NA Director 1
a table of about 20 petros. The Aussies were already pissed, as you might expect, and the rest
of us soon followed. A good time was had by all. Earlier that same night we had attended what
is probably the most French party I have ever been invited to. There were laser light shows and
people on stilts. Most people seemed too intimidated to hit the dance floor but one our fearless colleagues decided to cut a
rug with one of the dancers. Email me with who you think it might be! Here is the picture below and to the left of this. Hint: He
resides near Denver.
Additionally, we installed the new board. I am excited for the coming year. Many of the new board members have good ideas
that will benefit the society. Here are some pictures of the new Board that have already gone viral thanks to Katarina’s prodigious
LinkedIn following. Your new board is already hard at work—following the conclusion of the symposium we stayed till 9 pm
Wednesday night—after everyone else had headed to the airport to get things rolling for next year. Things that were discussed
include: changes to SPWLA Today; a new bonus system for the Staff; plans for the new technical committee and whether we
want to have parallel sessions next year; when to hold board meetings; and proposed changes to the website. As always if you
have ideas for the aforementioned topics please let us know.
7
I would like to give my picks for most interesting talks at the conference. I did not catch every single oral presentation or very
many of the posters so there are likely many more excellent talks. However, these presentations stood out. Please keep in mind
I mostly work in unconventional plays and that is usually my focus. If you only read a few papers and work on US land, check
these out!
My picks for best papers of the symposium:

• Paul Craddock et al. (Paper JJJ) – “Thermal Maturity Adjusted Log Interpretation (TMALI) in Organic Shale.”
• Melanie Durand et al. (Paper AAAA) – “Crushed Rock Analysis Workflow Based on Advanced Fluid Characterization for
Improved Interpretation of Acquired Core Data” (GRI+).
• Nigel Clegg et al. (Paper HHH) – “The Final Piece of the Puzzle, 3-D inversion of Ultra-Deep Azimuthal Resistivity LWD Data.”
• Gong Li Wang et al. (Paper PP) – “Determining Resistivity and Low Frequency Dielectric Constant Using Induction Data in the
Presence of Strong Induced Polarization.”
• Claudia Amorocho et al. (Paper Y) – “Improving Production in Child Wells by Identifying Fractures With an LWD Ultrasonic
Imager: A Case Study From an Unconventional Shale I the U.S.”
• Andres Gonzales et al. (Paper KKK) – Reliable Measurement of Saturation-Dependent Relative Permeability in Tight Rock
Samples.”
8
What did everyone think of the parallel sessions at the Symposium? It was viewed as a compromise since the vote for and
against is almost always split right down the middle. Personally, I prefer to see every talk so I can ask lots of questions. I actually
asked the first and last question at this symposium. Both of which were to Dr. Carlos Torres-Verdin’s students. I think he wanted
me to sit down, LOL. But I digress, If you have strong feelings about whether we need more or less parallel sessions please
contact our new VP of Technology Michael O’Keefe. Without your feedback the board will just do whatever we want. (We might
do that anyway!)
Personally, I am excited for the new season of talks that will start in the fall. The Tulsa chapter is starting up its meetings
again in September. Emails should go out in a month or two inviting folks to those talks. If you want free parking please RSVP.
Also, please support your local chapters by attending talks if you are able to.
Finally, as is now an annual tradition. I must share my blurry pics of Paul Craddock. This year with the talented and brilliant
Abbie V. Morgan. It’s actually not that blurry this year. Some of you who are regular readers may remember I posted a picture
with Paul and a Ham Eater from the Tower of London Last year.
Because I get unlimited pages here are a few more pics of the crew at Goose Acres.
9
Hi, and welcome to my first column for the SPWLA Today newsletter. Thanks to all the SPWLA
members who voted for me, I am very humbled to have been elected to represent them for the
next two years.
I had a great time down in Texas at the SPWLA Symposium, on the field trip checking out the
Brazos River delta, meeting old and new colleagues and enjoying the weather and sights of the
Houston area.
As a geologist, I always try to get out and look at reservoir analogs in the modern (my family
appreciates the beaches) and the ancient setting (they do not appreciate the roadcuts). The field
trip to the historic and modern Brazos River delta was informative and enjoyable with good weather
and great instruction from Dr. Julia Smith-Wellner of the University of Houston.
Kelly Skuce
North America Director 2
Beach dune with 1992 flood debris Looking at maps on the beach Partial group shot of attendees
Torrential downpour on Sunday Jays beat the Astros 12-0! First SPWLA Board meeting
night in Woodlands 2019-2020
As to my official duties with the SPWLA, this column was the first thing on my list. Reporting for the professional and student
chapters will resume in the next column once I’ve had a chance to get to know them through correspondence. I will endeavor to
promote the SPWLA up here in the north and down south as much as possible. I am excited to get working with the new board
and to see what we can accomplish.
Back to the symposium, the 60th anniversary SPWLA Symposium in The Woodlands was great to attend and learn from. The
venue and work put on by the planning committee was top notch. I hope to see everyone June 20–24, 2020 when the Canadian
Well Logging Society in my home country and province hosts the 61st in Banff, Alberta, Canada.
10
Regional Understandings – Middle East and Africa
Dear Colleagues,
With the conclusion of the 2019 Woodlands SPWLA Annual Symposium, a chapter of SPWLA
has been turned over and a new one is ahead of us. To the newly elected board members, welcome
on board!
At the beginning of this new fiscal year, I would like to remind all of our vision and missions,
which may be highlighted as below;
• To engage and empower the petrophysicists community to meet petrophysical needs of

global exploration, development, production, and abandonment.
• By collecting, disseminating, and exchanging petrophysical knowledge and technologies
Shouxaing “Mark” Ma for the benefits of upstream community, and
2019–2020 MEA
Regional Director
• By providing opportunities for professionals to enhance their technical and professional
competences.
To realize the above vision and achieve those missions, we need to actively participate in society activities and help each
other to realize our professional goals. In the current era of internet of things, one effective and convenient way to collect,
disseminate, and exchange knowledge and technologies are through professional networking.
About a year ago, I created a LinkedIn group titled Learning and Practicing Petrophysics Together (https://www.linkedin.
com/groups/8686270) and currently it has close to 1,000 members. If you are a member, please be active and share your
expertise for “Teaching is the Best Way of Learning.” If you are not a member yet and would like to be a part of the group, please
join to network with other petrophysicists, you will not be disappointed.
Happy Learning!
S. Mark Ma
11
Learning Opportunities
Dear Petrophysics Aficionados,
I was happy to have seen and meet a lot of you at the 60th SPWLA Annual Symposium! What a
great event and what a great turn out! Thank you to all the organizers!
Now looking ahead for my second year as VP of Education I hope to bring more avenues of
knowledge sharing with our members and always welcome new ideas.
We will have our monthly webinars kicking off soon and I will encourage you all to bring forward
names to add to our very successful Global Distinguished Speaker Lists. These are passionate
folks willing to travel and share they knowledge and findings with their regional chapters as well
as international ones. So keep the suggestions coming at [email protected].
I look forward to a great year filled with webinar series from our SIGs, our Distinguished
Speakers, “the more you know” Series and the “Nuggets of Wisdom” Series and more as well as
Katerina Yared the International Student paperer competition coming up in Banff, Alberta, Canada, next year to
Vice President Education
top it all off.
Follow us on Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter to stay “in-the-know”.
As always, it is an honor to serve the SPWLA members. Thank you for the opportunity!
Yours truly,
Katerina Yared
SPWLA VP Education 2018–2020
12
Informative Technology
First please allow me to acknowledge my predecessor, Mehrnoosh Saneifar, who has done
excellent work during her term. Her dedicated efforts enriched the SPWLA community in different
aspects. Particularly, the introduction of the mobile app for the Annual Symposium has been
proved to be very successful.
Again, thanks for the trust of the community, I officially started my volunteering duty serving
as the VP of Information Technology for the SPWLA organization. As promised, I will contribute
to further improve the quality of our organization to the next level. While meeting many of the
attendees at the Annual Symposium, I have received quite a lot of feedback about different
aspects. I will start to work on solving the issues, with their priorities based on communication
with other board members and community members. Please shoot an email to vp-infotech@
Lin Liang spwla.org if you have any suggestions on any IT-relevant matter.
2019–2021 VP From the Symposium mobile app, we carried out a survey to collect opinions on the
Information Technology
Symposium Technical Program as well as the mobile app itself. Overall, we received very positive
feedback on the introduction of a mobile app, with some suggestions on further improvement.
We will work with the vendor to see how we can improve it for the next Symposium. On the
Technical Program part, we see some minor issues and the need for further improvement, as well. We did receive feedback
about the quality of accepted abstracts. It seems the majority of people support the anonymous review and the parallel session
model for the Symposium. With only 36 responses from over 800 attendees, the survey results presented below may not be
statistically representative of the majority of app users.
Lastly, I am looking forward to working with other board directors, volunteers, and members to continue the success of
SPWLA community and maintain a great platform for knowledge sharing across the industry and academy.
Below is a summary of the feedback received from the survey carried on the Symposium mobile app.
The survey about the APP itself:
13
Q4: What problems did you come across in the app? [24 responses]
#1 Was not updating properly.

#2 “My schedule” tab needs to be improved to show venue of presentation.
#3 No problems.
#4 None.
#5 It should have live webinar.
#6 No problems as of yet. A map of the venue and locations of booths would be a plus.
#7 It’s all good.
#8 None.
#9 I wish it was easier to add talks and posters to “my schedule” ... overall a nice app with good push updates.
#10 None.
#11 It crashes a lot.
#12 Crashed a few times on Monday, going back to home screen.
#13 Notification could be used more often for updates.
#14 Missing room location information. The app is slow to load when you first open it.
#15 None.
#16 “My Agenda” - would be nice to be able click on a selected day first; “Attendees” - Names-companies are
incorrectly matched.
#17 No problem, but could be simplified (e.g., I used “Agenda” to navigate talks and found no use for the
“Technical Program” link/view).
#18 Need to simplify. There are things all over and difficult to find. Needs significant improvement.
#19 Would crash when looking up details of attendees.
#20 None.
#21 No problems, everything went well.
#22 None.
#23 None.
#24 Every time you open the app the event logo came up instead of going directly to the information. At the
beginning it was difficult to navigate but using it made it somewhat better.
Q5: Any other thoughts on the mobile app? [11 responses]
#1 No.
#2 No, it’s very nice app.
#3 I think it’s an excellent idea to have an app like this. Any changes are easy to communicate.
#4 .
#5 Strive to organize app around a map of the facility if continue using dual sessions.
#6 Need contact info for attendees.
#7 Would be nice to have a map in the app. And have a safety section.
#8 Make it easier to add a talk to “My Calendar”.
#9 I enjoyed the push updates.
#10 Thank you!
#11 It was very useful.w
14
The survey about the Technical Program:
15
Q2: What are your thoughts on the dual sessions (refer to comment section)? [33 responses]
#1 I think it’s great!

#2 Good use of time and interests.
#3 I did not like having to choose between the sessions.
#4 Like them.
#5 It was a good option. Allows people to attend talks that are more relevant to their interests and job.
#6 Worked better than I expected. I suggest dual sessions for three days next year and eliminating posters.
#7 In general, positive. However, the presentations do not always start ontime. Timing need to be
synchronized better between the sessions.
#8 I like the dual sessions.
#9 Like the dual sessions, but the coordination of talks in the downstairs conference room was horrendous.
The first talk in the morning was not ready and, in the session right after lunch, the wrong talk was queued up,
followed by a 20 min delay. Incredible, given that both instances occurred right after long breaks.
#10 OK.
#11 Need to maintain the quality of abstract selection.
#12 Liked.
#13 Good.
#14 Never! No need to increase the presentations. We should make better selections.
#15 I like it.
#16 Worked well, but be sure that the dual sessions do not overlap or are exclusive in fields of interest.
#17 I liked the ability to fit more content into the symposium via dual sessions.
#18 I’m still not a fan.
#19 No good.
#20 It worked very well. We should repeat it in the future.
#21 I don’t mind it.
#22 I really liked having the option of multiple talks.
#23 Great. Do it for all three days.
#24 OK
#25 I think it is
#26 I liked it.
#27 I like having the dual session on only one day.
#28 There were presentations and both dual sessions that I wanted to see that were being presented at the
same time. So, therefore, I do not like the dual sessions.
#29 I like it as we can have more papers selected. I’m sure some papers rejected were better than some of
the accepted papers.
#30 I prefer single sessions. this differentiates SPWLA in a good way.
#31 The idea is Ok but needs good presentation resources for both venues and they need to be closer. There
were technical problems due to lack of supervision. These things cannot run in autopilot.
#32 Worked well, I did not attend both, but the topics of the parallel sessions were well chosen to allow you
to choose. I liked the idea of limited dual sessions, try not to do it every day
#33 The session chairs need to stick to the timing exactly and the session rooms need to be adjacent to
enable people to go back and forth. I will also put a comment here about the program selection since there is
no other place for comments. I am very disappointed with the selection of the papers for sessions 2 and 6 as
they were dominated by the work of single teams (Chevron for Session 2 and University of Texas Austin
for Session 6). I would expect the program committee to introduce more diversity. I am also disappointed
about the fact that the work presented in Session 2 had nothing really ground breaking.
The Q5 on “Which category you prefer to see more technical papers in” is dropped due to very limited response, which is not
statistically meaningful.
16
From the Editor
Welcome to the July edition of SPWLA Today. June has been a very busy month for our Society,
with the flagship event on our calendar, the SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium, being held at
The Woodlands, Texas. I was fortunate enough to be able to attend the symposium, and would
like to congratulate the Symposium Organizing Committee, led by Jeff Crawford, for delivering an
excellent six days of technical and social activities. This edition of SPWLA Today features highlights
of the symposium and associated events.
This is my first column as Vice President Publications, and I am honored to have the opportunity
to lead SPWLA publications over the next year. In a member survey recently conducted by the
Society, results of which are reported herein, Petrophysics was identified by the survey respondents
as the most valued benefit of SPWLA membership and I will be working this year to ensure that this
continues. I would also like to recognize my predecessor, Carlos Torres-Verdin. Carlos’ outstanding
Tom Neville work over the last two years has left Petrophysics in a very strong position.
VP Publications 2019–2020
SPWLA Today is also the result of Carlos’ vision to separate peer-reviewed technical papers
from other content that had previously coexisted in Petrophysics. The results of the member survey
were not quite so positive for SPWLA Today, although ratings were in line with many of the other
benefits that SPWLA provides. SPWLA Today is still a work in progress and it will take some time to find a natural role within the
portfolio of communication tools that the Society uses. In defining this role, we need your help. We welcome your comments
and suggestions about, and criticisms of, SPWLA Today, so that we can continue to develop it into a tool that serves your needs
as members of our Society.
Tom Neville
Vice-President Publications
[email protected]
17
60th SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium
The Woodlands Waterway Marriott, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, June 15–19, 2019
WORKSHOPS
Eight full-day workshops were delivered on Saturday and

Sunday:
Workshop 1: “Practical Applications of Acoustics“ Short Course

Instructors: Alexei Bolshakov (Chevron), Doug Patterson
(BHGE), Jennifer Market (Lloyd’s Register), Matt Blyth
(Schlumberger), Philip Tracadas (Halliburton), Brian
Hornby (Halliburton), and Rob Vines (Shell International
E&P).
The Houston Chapter of SPWLA served as the host chapter Workshop 2: “Advanced Applications of Wireline Formation
and organizing body for the SPWLA 60th Annual Logging Testing”
Symposium. The event was held in The Woodlands, Texas, Instructors: Sefer Coskun (BHGE), Richard Jackson
at The Woodlands Waterway Marriott, June 15 to 19, 2019. (Schlumberger), Tony Van Zuillekom (Halliburton), and
Based on feedback from delegates, sponsors and exhibitors, Mark Proett (Mark Proett Consulting).
the event can be considered a success. The total number of Workshop 3: “Saturation-Height Modeling”
attendees this year exceeded 800. Instructor: Iulian Hulea (Shell Global Solutions BV)
Workshop 4: “Petrophysical Applications of Imaging And
THE VENUE Image Analysis”
Instructors: J. Funk (Core Imaging Consultants) and L.A.
The conference was hosted at The Woodlands Waterway Hathon (University of Houston)
Marriott. SPWLA celebrated a successful 50th annual Workshop 5: “Advances in Resistivity and Dielectric Logging”
symposium at this same site in 2009, making it a preferred Instructors: Hanming Wang (Chevron), Roland Chemali
location to host in 2019. The newly renovated space has a (Occidental Petroleum), Hezhu Yin (ExxonMobil), John
compact layout, allowing delegates to efficiently travel from Rasmus (Schlumberger–Retired), Teruhiko Hagiwara
the hotel to the technical sessions, exhibition, lunches, and (Saudi Aramco), Michael Rabinovich (BP), and Michel
social events. This layout was also ideal for the implementation Claverie (Schlumberger)
of parallel technical sessions, with travel between auditoriums Workshop 6: “Value of Data: Getting the Right Balance in
consisting of a short escalator ride. A variety of restaurants Exploration and Appraisal Wells”
and shops are located within walking distance as well as hiking Instructors: Paul Lumens (Shell) and Clive Sirju (CNOOC
and bike trails, pools, public art, water sports, and golf. International)
Workshop 7: “Cased-Hole Formation Evaluation”
FIELD TRIP Instructors: Ahmed Badruzzaman (Pacific Consultants and
Engineers) and Dale Fitz (Consultant)
This year’s field trip was a trip south to Galveston, Texas, Workshop 8: “Applications of Geomechanics in Conventional
to see typical vertical and lateral facies associations in fluvial, and Unconventional Reservoir Development”
deltaic and barrier island sedimentary successions. Fluvial Instructors: A. Mitra (MetaRock Laboratories), M.T. Myers
processes dominate on the upper delta plane, whereas the and L.A. Hathon (University of Houston)
lower delta plain is subject to marine influence. Delta fronts
comprise nested complexes of distributary channels, mouth
bars, tidal bars, and reworked delta-front sediments. The trip STUDENT PAPER COMPETITION
was led by Julia Smith Wellner, University of Houston. I heard
positive feedback from those that attended, although I wish I The student paper competition was held on Sunday, June
could have turned down the heat and humidity for them. 16. The competition was chaired by Jiaxin Wang and organized
with the VP Education, Katerina Yared. The program consisted
of 12 oral presentations, nine of which were presented onsite.
The other three were presented via GoToMeeting, with two
presented from Cairo, Egypt, and one presented from Beijing,
China. Six e-posters were presented in two separate sessions.
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The competition was judged by: Grant Goodyear, Xiaogang TECHNICAL PROGRAM
Han, Jiefu Chen, Geoff Page, Weijun Guo, E. C. Thomas,
Chandramani Shrivastava, Motta Stephano, Jiaxin Wang, and Following the keynote presentation and introductions, Jim
Katerina Yared. Their help, insightful comments, questions Hemmingway (then, VP Technology, and currently, President-
and decisions were invaluable. The quality of the oral and Elect), opened the Technical program. The full program lasted
poster presentations was excellent, and all students are to three days, with 15 sessions of oral presentations and 4
be congratulated on their work. The judges agreed on the e-poster sessions for a total of 67 oral presentations and 46
following awards: e-posters.
• Best Undergraduate Student Oral Presentation: The session topics included:
Vanessa Rios (Universidad Industrial de Santander) • Formation Evaluation of Conventional Reservoirs (4
• Best Masters Student Oral Presentation: Sabya Prakash Sessions)
(University of Houston) • Formation Evaluation of Unconventional Reservoirs (2
• Best PhD Student Oral Presentation: Sercan Gul Sessions)
(University of Texas at Austin) • Completions, Reservoir, and Production Surveillance
• Best Poster Presentation: Muhammad Bilal Malik • Formation Evaluation Behind Casing
(University of Punjab Pakistan) • New Borehole Logging Technology (3 Sessions)
• Machine Learning (2 Sessions)
At the conclusion of the event, prizes of $1,000 US for 1st • Conventional and New Technology
place were awarded by Katerina Yared and Jiaxin Wang. • Case Studies
OPENING REMARKS AND KEYNOTE SOCIETY FUNCTIONS AND SOCIAL EVENTS
Jeff Crawford, Chairman of the Symposium, called the The Icebreaker Reception took place at the Westin Hotel
meeting to order and welcomed attendees. Jeff also introduced at The Woodlands on Sunday night, hosted by Halliburton.
his committee and thanked them, the SPWLA office, and the Guests that decided to brave the heavy rains and high winds
international board of directors for their time and efforts in were rewarded with a beverage in their hand, tasty hors
the planning of the symposium. Finally, he introduced the d’oeuvres, and great conversations with colleagues. It was a
keynote speaker, Arvind Sharma, VP Data and Analytics, TGS. great event for reconnecting and setting the stage for the start
Arvind Sharma believes that data integration and machine of the technical sessions.
learning will be pivotal to this industry’s future success. He The Annual Business Meeting and Luncheon was held on
has 10+ years’ experience in seismic research; data processing Monday following the opening technical session. During this
and analysis, exploration prospecting, and drilling. Arvind meeting, outgoing president Zhipeng “Zach” Liu passed the
holds a BS and MS from IIT Kharagpur and a PhD from Virginia gavel to incoming President Jesus Salazar. The President and
Tech. Arvind has worked more than 10 years in seismic Board Members gave brief reports and the new 2019–2020
research, including data processing and analysis, exploration SPWLA Board of Directors was introduced and welcomed.
prospecting, and drilled several wells. At TGS, Arvind pioneers Baker Hughes, a GE Company, sponsored the Monday
the Data and Analytics group through the development of new Evening Social event at the Haras Hacienda, a premier Lusitano
AI and Machine learning products and services. His mission breeding farm and horse show venue. Dubbed the “Social
is to create a platform to integrate and analyze all available A-Fair”, guests were greeted with live music, fair-style games,
sub-surface information for risking and decision making. In a horse show demonstration, and a variety of beverages and
his spare time, Arvind enjoys rooting for the Houston Rockets food truck options from which to choose. For those guests
with his wife and daughter. that were looking for an authentic Texas experience, this
Arvind reviewed the state of the oil and gas industry event fit the bill.
and various disruptive technologies, citing implementations The SPWLA Annual Awards Presentation and Luncheon
of artificial intelligence as the latest invocation of disruptive took place on Tuesday. During this time, the Society recognized
technology. He then presented a few examples of AI in action, multiple awardees for their significant contributions to
then closed with a discussion of future challenges. SPWLA. Awards were presented for Distinguished Technical
Achievement, Distinguished Service, Meritorious Service,
19
Outstanding Professional Chapter, and Outstanding Student well as to optimize NMR data acquisition, processing, and
Chapter. The “Best of 2018” were also recognized, with awards interpretation methodologies. Most recently, his interest
for top article published in Petrophysics, top symposium paper, focuses on carbonate pore typing and unconventional
and top e-poster. Then, the Distinguished Speakers, along with reservoir fluid identification. Prior to joining Halliburton, he
their regional counterparts, were also recognized. Those that was with Baker Hughes for 15 years as a staff scientist and
were recognized are listed later in this article. Congratulations NMR Interpretation Project Leader, and later became Senior
to all award recipients! Manager of Integrated Interpretation group to develop
After a day that saw the initial use of parallel technical technologies involving NMR, geochemistry, fluid sampling/
sessions, Schlumberger hosted the Tuesday “Light Up the testing interpretations, and pore scale modeling. Prior to
Night” social event at the Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion. working in the energy service industry, he was a Senior
Guests were treated to a Vegas-style experience, with casino Scientist at Texas A&M University. Songhua holds a BS in
games, a light show, unique and entertaining performers, and Physics from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, and a PhD
great food and beverages. This was definitely a venue that in Physics from University of Utah, Salt Lake City. Songhua
closed out the 2019 social events with verve. is an inventor or coinventor of 56 U.S. patents in NMR
On Wednesday the current and former cadre of SPWLA downhole sensors, data processing and analytics, inversion,
met for Leadership Luncheon. Chapter Presidents, Past SPWLA core analysis, and integrated petrophysics. He authored or
Board of Directors, Past Presidents, and SIG Coordinators were coauthored 98 publications including 1 book chapter, 30 peer-
invited to this complimentary lunch. This meeting provided an reviewed journal papers, and 67 conference proceedings. He
excellent opportunity to exchange ideas between those that has been an active member of SPWLA, SPE, and past member
have led and are currently providing leadership within SPWLA. of American Physical Society, SEG, and SCA. He has cochaired
two SPWLA NMR topical conferences and served once on the
SPOUSE/GUEST ACTIVITIES SPWLA Technology committee. He was selected twice as a
SPWLA Distinguished Speaker in 2006 and 2013, respectively.
The spouses/guests enjoyed three great events during
the symposium. On Monday, guests took a shopping tour of Distinguished Technical Achievement
Market Street, a nearby area constructed to resemble an old
town square with restaurants, entertainment, clothing stores,
and many specialty shops. On Tuesday, guests ventured Ahmed Badruzzaman has sought
outside of The Woodlands to Brenham, Texas, to visit the Blue to understand physics basics in
Bell Creamery and the George H.W. Bush Presidential Museum complex nuclear systems, from
and Library, learning both the ‘old fashioned’ method for novel fission reactors to inertial
creating the region’s favorite ice cream and the history behind confinement fusion to downhole
the 41st president of the US. Wednesday began with brunch logging, during a nearly 40-year
at Chocolate Passion, a Venezuelan chocolatier using fine and R&D journey through Chevron,
rare Criollo chocolate located in Conroe, followed by a road Sandia National Laboratories,
trip to the beautiful Tuscan-style award-winning Bernhardt Schlumberger-Doll and Babcock
winery located in Plantersville, for sumptuous wine tasting & Wilcox, and teaching at University of California, Berkeley.
and a tour with the proprietor. An early practitioner/developer of simulation techniques, it
has been Ahmed’s modus operandi in research throughout.
SPWLA AWARDS He is currently an SME consultant to the US Department of
Energy on alternatives to radionuclide-based logging tools
Distinguished Technical Achievement to mitigate source risks. His interest in alternatives began in
early 1980s, at Schlumberger-Doll, where he studied response
Songhua Chen currently is Senior of an experimental LINAC density tool. He helped develop
Manager of NMR Sensor Physics Chevron’s in-house Source Handling Guideline, prepare IAEA’s
Discipline at Halliburton. Since draft logging source safety guide, and revise Vienna-based
joining Halliburton eight years WINS’ Best Practice Guide on logging source security. He was
ago, he has been leading a team of an official reviewer of US National Academy of Sciences’ 2008
scientists and mathematicians to report to Congress, “Radiation Source Use and Replacement.”
research and design new wireline During 20+ years in Chevron, Ahmed studied advanced
XMR and LWD MRIL sensors, as tools (LWD and C/OPNC) in difficult-to-calibrate wellbore
20
conditions, developed novel algorithms in complex formations, successful, Integrated Petroleum Geoscience (IPG) MSc
proposed advanced logging measurement concepts, and course. Around the same time some of the support services
studied high-temperature gas reactors for unconventional managers in his company asked if they could be taught a bit
resource recovery. His theory-based three-phase C/O-to-So more about exactly what the company did – a course that
equation, termed as ‘Badruzzaman correction’ by a service became known as “Logging for Accountants.” Putting these
company colleague, has been used in California and Indonesia together merged into an introductory petrophysics course
steamfloods, to accurately locate several hundred million that has been given to around 500 IPG students, and is part
barrels of previously unaccessed reserves. He developed of the MSc qualification. This and other logging technology
the first multiple-detector PN tool concept leading to a 1998 courses, have also been presented to another 500+ industry
patent on a through-casing inelastic n-gamma density (INGD), professionals. For many of them this was this first time they
and a 2004 SPE paper on multiple parameters from such a had encountered “petrophysics” and were inspired to now be
tool. Now an independent researcher, he recently revisited seasoned petrophysicists in their own right. Geoff now spends
basics of INGD concept and generators as alternatives to Am- a large part of his time teaching and mentoring both within
Be sources for neutron porosity. Author of 45+ papers, two his own company, BHGE, and externally, to help introduce old
US patents, and an upcoming textbook on Nuclear Logging, and new technology services to colleagues and customers, as
Ahmed is a Fellow of American Nuclear Society, a two time well as helping to push the frontiers of petrophysics forward
SPE Distinguished Lecturer, a two-time SPWLA Distinguished in new areas such as geothermal.
Speaker, a former editor of Petrophysics, and founder-chair
of SPWLA Nuclear SIG. Avid proponent of mentoring the next Distinguished Service
generation, Ahmed offered a graduate course, Subsurface
Nuclear Technology, at UC Berkeley during 2001–2007. He now
coteaches Berkeley’s Big Ideas Course, Energy and Civilization. Tegwyn J. Perkins has been with
Ahmed holds PhD in Nuclear Engineering and Science from Lloyd’s Register (LR) for eight years
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York. and currently serves as a Principal
Technical Advisor where he has
Distinguished Technical Achievement overall responsibility for all technical
activities in the Americas. Tegwyn
has almost 30 years in the industry:
Geoffrey Page studied physics before LR he spent 14 years with
at the Royal College of Science Halliburton where he served in
in London. He began his oilfield various formation evaluation and managerial software
career as a Dresser Atlas wireline positions and previously he worked for both Z&S Consultants
engineer in France in 1980, during and Intera/Exploration Consultants Ltd. Tegwyn earned his
which time he logged some wells in doctorate degree in Applied Mathematics and Numerical
Pechelbronn in North East France – Methods from University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and his post-
the home of logging! In 1988 after a doctoral study on the “Carrying Capacity of Drilling Fluids,”
spell working offshore in the North from University of Plymouth, England, was sponsored by BP.
Sea he was transferred to Aberdeen “for 1 to 2 years” as the His undergraduate studies were also carried out at University
North Sea Geoscience manager, moved into Petrophysics, of Wales, Aberystwyth. He has coauthored 13 papers on
and is now Region Petrophysics Advisor and global subject various aspects of petrophysics and formation evaluation
matter expert (SME) for BHGE, still based in Aberdeen after and his current technical interests include borehole imaging,
over 30 years! He is a former President of the Aberdeen geosteering and machine learning. He is proud to have served
chapter of the SPWLA (AFES) and was honored with a “life as the 2009–2011 and 2013–2015 SPWLA VP Information
membership”. He has written and presented many papers, Technology as well as on various Symposium, Education and
and been a silent contributor on many more, helped organize IT committees over the years. Currently, he is the webmaster
many of the global conferences, for both SPWLA and other for SPWLA2019.com and the Aberdeen Formation Evaluation
professional societies, including SPWLA 2008 in Edinburgh Society and maintains the Curve and Tool Mnemonics
and London 2018. In 1988 two other projects also started database for SPWLA.org (20,000 entries and counting!).
which have come together: Aberdeen University asked if Tegwyn has twice replaced the abstract submission and
they could come and visit the operational wireline base to review program! The current system was successfully used for
view the logging equipment as part of the new, now very the 2019 Symposium and is also available for other SPWLA
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meetings and conferences. On a personal note, Tegwyn is an Meritorious Service

avid sports enthusiast who manages (and plays for) his own
amateur football team. He also enjoys rugby, orienteering,
badminton and golf. Irina Borovskaya is the founder of
Iblytics LLC, a boutique consulting
Meritorious Service firm focusing on strategic data-
driven decisions. Irina Borovskaya
has more than 15 years of
Chicheng Xu obtained his bachelor’s upstream oil and gas experience in
degree in Physics from the University conventional and unconventional
of Science and Technology of China assets, in onshore and offshore
in 2002, and master’s degree in environments during exploration,
Physics from the Chinese University appraisal and development phases. Prior to founding Iblytics
of Hong Kong in 2004. After working LLC she worked in ConocoPhillips in Lower48 Unconventional
for more than four years for the plays assets, leading teams and projects; and prior to that—in
Schlumberger Beijing Geoscience Schlumberger, where she held various positions in research,
Center as a petrophysics software consulting and operations while working in the US, Russia
engineer, he continued his education with the Formation and Brazil with Data and Consulting Services, R&D and Drilling
Evaluation & Petrophysics consortium at the Petroleum & and Measurements Segment. Ms. Borovskaya received her
Geosystems Engineering Department of UT Austin in 2009. He PhD in Mathematical Modeling, BSc and MSc in Applied
was awarded a PhD in Petroleum Engineering in 2013. During Mathematics and Physics from the Moscow Institute of
his PhD research, he developed a series of novel petrophysical Physics and Technology, Russia. She is now pursuing an MBA
rock-typing methods and workflows with multiscale at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Irina
subsurface data and published more than 20 technical Borovskaya served at the SPWLA Brazil Chapter Board (2012–
papers. From 2013 to 2017, he worked as a petrophysicist/ 2013). Ms. Borovskaya has been on the Board of Directors
rock physicist for BP America and BHP Billiton to support US of the Houston Chapter of SPWLA as Editor, Treasurer and
asset operations and reservoir characterization in deepwater President (2014–-2018). She also served on boards for the
turbidite fields as well as onshore unconventional fields. SPE NYNE Petroleum and the SPE Brasil Sections (2010–
Chicheng is currently working as a research petrophysicist 2013). Irina Borovskaya has 18 publications on petrophysics,
and project leader in Aramco Houston Research Center. His stochastic modeling and aeroacoustics.
research focus is on petrophysical reservoir characterization
using advanced computational techniques and data analytics
for interpretation, classification, and modeling based on 2018–2019 Outstanding SPWLA Professional Chapter
multiscale subsurface data integration. Chicheng Xu has
been actively contributing to professional societies such as London Petrophysical Society, the London Chapter of SPWLA
SPWLA, SPE, and SEG since his PhD years. He served on the The LPS is a registered charity that exists to promote, for
SPE Reservoir Description and Dynamics committee (2016– the public benefit, education and knowledge in the scientific
2018) and the Formation Evaluation subcommittee of SPE and technical aspects of formation evaluation. We do this
ATCE (2015–2019). He is an associate editor of Interpretation through a regular series of evening technical meetings and
the journal copublished by SEG and AAPG, Petrophysics, and topical one-day seminars, and through our Newsletter.
SPE Reservoir Engineering and Evaluation. During his editorial We provide educational support through the Ian Hillier
tenure, Chicheng has led publication of several special issues University bursary and grants scheme, and other educational
on the cutting edge petrophysics research topics such as support, such as matching universities with industry donors of
Facies Classification/Rock Typing and Petrophysics Data- data for research, and student travel expenses to our events.
Driven Analytics (PDDA). He is chairing the SPWLA PDDA SIG We are a thriving chapter with over 300 members. Our first
and was selected to receive the regional Formation Evaluation meeting was held on 15 March 1973 under the presidency of
technical award by SPE–Gulf Coast in 2018. Pip Threadgold after the SPWLA granted formation of the local
22
chapter earlier that year on 25 January 1973. André Poupon first places in both divisions.
of Schlumberger was the speaker with the title “Logging— • Artur Posenato Garcia, President of the Student
Past Present and Future”. The LPS holds its evening meetings Chapter of SPWLA at UT-Austin, was named a 2018-
and its seminars in the historic and beautiful Geological 2019 SPWLA Distinguished Speaker for the second
Society buildings, in Piccadilly, London. The LPS hosted the year in a row. Additionally, Chapter member Chelsea
SPWLA Annual Symposia in 1987 and 2018, and hosted Newgord received the designation of 2018–2019
European symposiiums in 1983 and 2002. We also hosted SPWLA Distinguished Speaker.
the seminar that led to the definitive Russian Style Formation Social Media
Evaluation book edited by Bob Harrison. LPS is very proud be • The SPWLA at UT-Austin Facebook page currently has
awarded the Outstanding Chapter Award 2019. Thanks to all over 1,100 followers and the recent creation of the
the committee involved in the LPS in recent years and in the Chapter’s LinkedIn profile helped to strengthen our
London Symposium committee for all their hard work. social media presence.
2018–2019 Outstanding SPWLA Student Chapter The Student Chapter of SPWLA at The University of Texas
at Austin is very proud to receive the Outstanding Student
The University of Texas at Austin Chapter Award at the Annual Symposium for the second
The Student Chapter of SPWLA at The University of consecutive year.
Texas at Austin has consistently and frequently organized
a significant number of events to highlight and disseminate
petrophysics and formation evaluation activities among Petrophysics Best Paper 2018
students, academics, and local professionals. Our events have “Improving Dielectric Interpretation by Calibrating Matrix
emphasized the importance of formation evaluation practices Permittivity and Solving Dielectric Mixing Laws With a New
in the description and production of hydrocarbon reservoirs Graphical Method”
around the world. Furthermore, we have successfully reached Haijing Wang, Hanming Wang, Emmanuel Toumelin, Ronald L.
out to the geosciences and engineering communities to inform Brown, and Luisa Crousse, Chevron
them about our profession and our technical challenges.
We are planting the seeds of future formation evaluation Symposium Best Paper Presentation 2018
specialists who will eventually enrich and command the “A Revolutionary X-Ray Tool for True Sourceless Density
SPWLA. As a result, a large number of UT Austin students is Logging With Superior Performance”
seriously considering the profession of formation evaluation Matthieu Simon, Avto Tkabladze, Sicco Beekman, Timothy
as their technical career. Below is a summary of the major Atobatele, Marc-André De Looz, Rahul Grover, Farid Hamichi,
chapter events and achievements that took place between Jacques Jundt, Kevin McFarland, Justin Mlcak, Jani Reijonen,
March 2018 and March 2019: Arnaud Revol, Ryan Stewart, Jonathan Yeboah, and Yi Zhang,
Events Schlumberger
• The chapter hosted nine technical events, including
presentations by two current SPWLA Distinguished Symposium Best E-Poster Presentation 2018
Speakers, two SPWLA Regional Speakers and the “Borehole Acoustic Imaging Using 3D STC and Ray Tracing to
SPWLA President-Elect, Jesus Salazar. Determine Far-Field Reflector Dip and Azimuth”
• The Chapter participated in three additional outreach Nicholas Bennett, Adam Donald, Sherif Ghadiry, Mohamed
events at The University of Texas at Austin. At these Nassar, Rajeev Kumar, and Reetam Biswas, Schlumberger
events, Chapter members led approximately 800
hands-on demonstrations that taught elementary,
middle, and high school students basic concepts Distinguished Speakers 2018–2019
related to petrophysics, petroleum engineering, and Matthieu Simon
geological sciences. Avto Tkabladze
Annual Symposium Involvement Nicholas Bennett
• Two of the Chapter’s nominees for the Student Artur Posenato Garcia
Paper Contest placed 1st in their respective divisions. Chelsea Newgord
Michael Wang earned 1st place in the Bachelor’s Stefan A. Hertel
division and Runqi Han earned 1st place in the PhD Alberto Mendoza
division. This was the second consecutive year UT won Hani Elshahawi
23
Michael Thiel EGAMLS Inc

Aidan Blount Emerson
Zheng Gan Eriksfiord, Inc
Ravinath Kausik ExLog
Archana Jagadisan Fracture ID
Geolog Americas
Regional Speakers 2018–2019 Geotek Ltd
Eduardo Breda GeoMark Research
Paul Craddock GOWell
Iulian Hulea H2 Laboratories
Martin Kennedy Halliburton
Maurizio Mele Harvey Rock Physics
Claudio Naides Imaging Systems Group
Dzevat Omeragic Impact Selector
Alberto Ortiz KAPPA
Luis Quintero Lloyd’s Register
Sushil Shetty NthDS LLC
Luis Stinco Neuralog
Martin Storey New England Research
Lalitha Venkataramanan NUTECH
Ping Zhang Openfield Technologies
Petromac
SPONSORS AND EXHIBIT HALL Premier Oilfield Group
Qmineral
Symposium Sponsors Schlumberger
Aker BP ASA Scientific Drilling International
ALS Oil and Gas Signum Instruments
Baker Hughes, a GE Company Task Fronterra Geoscience
BP Texas Tech University
Bruker Optics TGS
China Oilfield Services Ltd TGT Oil & Gas Services
CNOOC UK University of Houston
ConocoPhillips SPWLA 2020 Host CWLS
Emerson
ExLog SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
GeoInteriors
Halliburton General Chairman Jeff Crawford (Halliburton)
Maxwell Dynamics Conference Liaison Sharon Johnson (SPWLA)
Schlumberger Technical Program Stephanie Turner (SPWLA
Shell Exhibits/Security Glenn Wilson (Halliburton)
Sponsorship/Social Functions Matt Blyth (Schlumberger
Symposium Exhibitors Technical Arrangements Mark Proett (Mark Proett
Antares Consulting)
Baker Hughes, a GE Company Field Trip Lori Hathon (University
CGG of Houston)
Cordax Evaluation Technologies Partner/Guest Activities Javier Miranda (DeGolyer
Core Labs and MacNaughton)
Core Mineralogy Labs Transportation Elton Ferreira (ConocoPhillips)
Daedalus Innovations Finance Jing Li (OXY)
Dassault Systemes Publicity Abhijit Mitra (MetaRock Lab)
ECOTEK Corp Printing/Signs Fransiska Goenawan
(Halliburton)
24
Webcast/Operations Grant Goodyear (Halliburton) Mehrnoosh Saneifar (Chevron/SPWLA VP Information

Website Tegwyn Perkins (Lloyd’s Technology)
Register) Nikita Seleznev (Schlumberger)
Philip Singer (Rice University)
Contributing Members Clive Sirju (CNOOC Ltd.)
Irina Borovskaya (IBLYTICS) Wanida Sritongthae (PTTEP)
Tianmin Jiang (ConocoPhillips) E.C. Thomas (Consultant)
Michael Ashby (Anadarko) Chris Woods (Woodside Energy)
Chelsea Cassel (Stratum Reservior) John Zhou (Maxwell Dynamics)
Andrew Hind (CGG)
Chris Jones (Halliburton)
Naveen Krishnaraj (University of Houston) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND CLOSING REMARKS
Clara Palencia (University of Houston)
Chicheng Xu (Aramco Services) A huge thank you to all who were a part in making the
Yinxi Zhang (Equinor) SPWLA 60th Annual Logging Symposium such a success.
Thank you to the SPWLA office: Sharon and Stephanie keep
this ship sailing. Thank you to the SPWLA Board of Directors
SPWLA TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE 2018–2019 and Technology Committee for all of the time and effort
you put in. Thank you to the organizing committee and the
Vice President Of Technology Houston Chapter for hosting such a successful symposium.
James “Jim” Hemingway, Consultant, Manitou Springs, CO Thank you to the Texas Tech Student Chapter for their
USA work in photographing event proceedings and speaker gift
presentations. Thank you to all the Sponsors and Exhibitors.
Committee Members Thank you to the management of The Woodlands Waterway
Dapo Adeyemo (Chevron) Marriott and their Event Operations (Facilities, A/V, catering,
Christoph Arns (The University of New South Wales) etc.). Finally, a great thanks to all participants for making the
Sap Basu (ConocoPhillips) 60th Symposium a huge success. I am looking forward to
Nadege Bize-Forest (Schlumberger/SPWLA Regional Director another great symposium next year. See you in Banff!
Latin America)
Donald L. Clarke (ExxonMobil) Jeff Crawford
Lu Chi (Halliburton) General Chairman, SPWLA 2019
Liz Davis (BP)
Ronald J. Deady (APS Technology Inc.)
Pascal Debec (Total)
Mohamed Saleh Efnik (Mubadala Petroleum)
Hesham El-Sobky (ConocoPhillips)
Benjamin Fletcher (Consultant)
Giuseppe Galli (Eni S.p.A.)
Jusmell Graterol Parodi (Halliburton)
Weijun Guo (Halliburton)
Iulian Hulea (Shell)
Mayank Malik (Chevron)
Jennifer Market (Lloyd’s Register/SPWLA VP Finance
(Secretary & Admin)
Alberto Mendoza (Imperial College London)
Geoff Page (Baker Hughes GE)
Shyam Ramaswami (Shell)
Ferdinanda Pampuri (Eni S.p.A.)
Matthew Reppert (Neptune Energy)
Jorge Sanchez-Ramirez (BHP)
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SPWLA in the 1980s (Oh, the Places You’ll Go!)
I joined SPWLA in 1981 because I was planning to attend the Annual Symposium in Mexico City
that year. A paper that Stan Gianzero and I had written, “A New Look at Skin Effect,” had been accepted
for presentation. The paper examined how the formation conductivity level affected Doll’s induction
geometrical factor theory, which had been originally developed for a low-conductivity limit. Stan
was presenting the paper and I was going along as coauthor and to learn more about SPWLA. I had
attended an SPE Annual Meeting a couple years earlier and thought that the number of papers on
drilling outnumbered the papers on formation evaluation to such a large extent that I didn’t learn
anything I could use in my work. I was hoping that SPWLA would be a better match.
The paper was very well received. There were many questions and comments both after the paper
and between sessions. People came up to us with positive comments like “The 2D plots made it easy to
Barbara Anderson visualize vertical and radial response together for the first time,” and “Now I can see why the induction
SPWLA President depth of investigation becomes shallower with conductive invasion.” (See Fig. 1 for an example of
1994–1995
SPWLA Gold Medal for the slides that the audience connected with.) I had become accustomed to people in research talking
Technical Achievement mostly about equations after a presentation and was surprised that this audience reacted so positively
2007
to graphics.
(a) (b)
Fig. 1—2D response function plots. (a) Doll zero conductivity limit. (b) Homogeneous conductive 0.1 Ω-m formation.
I was particularly impressed by the expertise of the people I met at the meeting. They were both generalists and specialists
at the same time. The big general problem to be solved was “Where are the hydrocarbons and how much is there?” To get an
accurate answer, many specialists are needed, such as, experts in tool physics (electric, acoustic, nuclear), large-scale geophysics,
smaller scale petrophysics, drilling engineering and fluid dynamics. This complexity makes problem solving both challenging
and interesting. At the SPWLA Symposium, it felt like it was possible for everyone to personally contribute to the final general
solution. The main challenge in fitting all the pieces of the puzzle together seemed to be finding a way to introduce your work
to others at a level that could be understood by everyone. Then when others understood what you were doing, you could
collaborate more closely in areas of mutual interest.
I returned to work with these ideas in the back of my mind, and with the intention of submitting a paper on a 2D finite-
element induction modeling code I was writing with Steve Chang to the 1982 SPWLA Symposium. Then in July, I received a
surprise letter from CWLS inviting Stan and me to present the SPWLA paper at their fall Meeting in Calgary because it had been
voted Best Paper in Mexico City. That was the good news. The bad news was that Stan had accepted a job with Gearhart over
the summer and I would have to be the one to give the talk. The pressure was on since Stan was a hard act to follow.
Fortunately, there was a Technical Communications Department at the lab that supervised the publication of The Oilfield
Review and helped people prepare for conference presentations. I rehearsed my CWLS talk with Ernie Finklea, who was a long-
time SPWLA member and had served on the SPWLA Technology Committee. He gave me good advice, like if a slide is too
complicated to be read from the back of the auditorium, you lose half the audience before you start. He also advised that I keep
simplifying slides and what I was going to say to the point where I thought the talk was too elementary. Then do it one more
time, keeping in mind that the audience hasn’t been working in this area 15 years like I had. I ended up doing a reasonably good
job in Calgary. (Current SPWLA members may not remember the days before PowerPoint when “slides” were actually 35-mm
26
film. The graphics were done on the computer, printed and then photographed. The slides were developed, mounted in plastic
frames and carried to meetings in a slide carousel. There was absolutely no way to make last-minute changes.)
I submitted Symposium papers on induction finite-element modeling in 1982 and 1983. The first was on dual-induction
modeling and the second was on modeling tools operating in the megahertz frequency range (the now-obsolete Deep
Propagation Tool and the 2-Mhz LWD tool then being developed). The slides showed and analyzed simulated logs in complex
invaded thin-bed sequences that were difficult to interpret visually. The mathematical modeling equations were only discussed
in the Transactions papers.
Modeling tool response in complex reservoirs clearly showed how inadequate the three Dual Induction-Laterolog
measurements were for providing unique interpretation answers in these situations. Service companies began to think about
opening projects to replace the workhorse tools that had been in use since 1962.
In 1994 and 1995, Weng Chew and I coauthored Symposium papers on fast semianalytic codes (analytic in depth, FEM
radially) first for induction tools and then for laterologs. These codes could generate a simulated log on a VAX minicomputer in
under 10 minutes. This made it practical to do fast log simulations both for tool design in engineering centers and for formation
evaluation in field offices.
In 1986, 1987 and 1988 Tom Barber and I coauthored three “strange log” papers which catalogued environmental effects in
cases where interpretation from the three resistivity measurements was ambiguous. Modeling was used to determine whether
strange effects on logs were caused by actual geological features or by poor vertical resolution. In 1989 Tom and I presented a
Symposium paper on a resistivity tool modeling package called ELMOD, which allowed log analysts in field offices to do their own
strange-log modeling.
During the mid-1980s, improvements in digital electronics and modern signal processing techniques made it possible to
use the imaginary part of the induction signal to extract information that was used to improve vertical resolution. Modeling
showed that these improvements were effective, but not good enough. Work on design improvements continued, and service
companies began introducing array induction and laterolog tools in the early 1990s.
In 1990 I coauthored a Symposium paper with Martin Luling and Richard Rosthal on interpreting logs in deviated wells
for geosteering applications. Later that year, I presented a paper on the role of computer modeling in log interpretation at
the European SPWLA Symposium. With the introduction of array tools, the need for log analysts to run modeling codes was
eliminated for all but extreme 3D cases because forward-modeling codes were incorporated in inversion software.
I coauthored and presented papers at all of the SPWLA Symposiums in the 1980s, and ended up attending every SPWLA
Symposium until I retired in 2007. Pictures of the Symposium cities of the 1980s are shown below. The pictures are actual photos
I took or postcards bought in the cities. To make it interesting, see if you can identify the cities. They are all “oil cities” of the
1980s. The answers can be found at the end of the column.
To end my first decade of SPWLA membership, an interesting “incident” happened on my return flight from the European
Symposium. The Pan Am flight was on an Airbus A310 that left Budapest Friday morning and was supposed to arrive in the
afternoon at JFK airport in New York. There was a brief stop in Vienna to take on more passengers, and the flight was routine
until the plane started its Atlantic crossing. Suddenly there was a jolt like extreme turbulence. Then the passengers sitting near
the right wing began to complain that it sounded like the engine wasn’t working. (Those of you who already know what an
emergency landing is like can stop reading here.)
After about two minutes the captain announced that the starboard engine had lost oil pressure (the word “died” would
have been more exact, but probably inappropriate at that time). He said that air traffic control had arranged for the flight to land
at the nearest airport, which was in northern Scotland. He assured us that the Airbus was designed to be able to land with just
one operating engine. However, the subsequent rapidness of his descent made it apparent that he wasn’t too sure how long the
operating engine was going to last.
I spent the longest 15 minutes of my life looking out the window at the closeness of the whitecaps on the waves. We must
have leveled off at around a couple hundred feet. This was reassuring in a way because in meant that the drop would be short if
the other engine cut out and it would be possible to launch life rafts.
We were immediately cleared for landing when we were in sight of the airport. The captain announced we were landing
in Stornoway. The passengers talked among themselves and nobody had heard of the place. It turned out to be a British Coast
Guard Station in the Hebrides Islands.
The landing was relatively smooth but nail-biting because of the short length of the military runway and having reverse
thrust from only one engine. Finally, we taxied toward the terminal and stopped a short distance away. Power was shut off, and
after several minutes, the captain announced we were safe because there was now no longer danger of fire.
27
Figs. 2 to 13. Captions below.
The next problem was how to get everybody off the plane. Because this wasn’t a commercial airport, there were no
stairways that were high enough to reach the Airbus doors. Pan Am decided not to deploy the slides because of risk of injury to
the passengers. Instead, the resourceful British Coast Guard rigged up a basket on top of a fork lift that was used to lower 3 or 4
passengers at a time to the runway, as shown in Fig 14.
While waiting for buses to take us to hotels in town, we noticed that one of the tires on the plane was flat. We were told that
this was a “controlled deflation” caused by sensors within the tire gradually releasing the air inside in order to keep the tire from
exploding due to overheating. It was probably a good thing that we didn’t know while we were on the plane that the tires were
close to exploding.
Pan Am checked us into three hotels in town (the town was small) and paid for anything we wanted to eat for supper. The
only inconvenience was that we had to sleep in the clothes we were wearing because we were instructed to leave all of our
personal belongings on the plane in our tagged carry-ons. Nobody minded because at least we weren’t sleeping at the bottom
of the North Atlantic.
28
Fig. 14—Newspaper clipping from the Scottish Daily Record reporting on the emergency landing of my flight at the Stornoway Coast Guard Station in the
Hebrides Islands in the North Atlantic.
In the morning we were bused back to the terminal where we boarded two small Pan Am planes that flew us to Heathrow
(the Stornoway runway was too short for a fully loaded trans-Atlantic plane to take off). Those of us who still wanted to attempt a
trans-Atlantic crossing were booked on a regular flight to Kennedy Airport on a 747, which arrived in New York safely on Saturday
afternoon.
On Monday at the lab, the personnel director told me that I should fly again as soon as possible to avoid developing a fear
of flying. So I wrote an abstract submitting a paper to the 1991 SPWLA Symposium.
Barbara Anderson
Figure Captions
Fig. 2—1981 Symposium, Mexico City conference hotel.

Fig. 3—1981 Canadian WLS Symposium, Lake Louise field trip.
Fig. 4—1982 Symposium, Corpus Christi city view.
Fig. 5—1983 Symposium, Calgary city view.
Fig. 6—1984 Symposium, New Orleans Jackson Square.
Fig. 7—1985 Symposium, Dallas International Airport.
Fig. 8—1986 Symposium, Houston Natural Science Museum.
Fig. 9—1987 Symposium, London Tower Bridge.
Fig. 10—1988 Symposium, San Antonio Alamo.
Fig. 11—1989 Symposium, Denver city view.
Fig. 12—1990 Symposium, Lafayette conference hotel.
Fig. 13—1990 European 13th SPWLA Symposium, Budapest city view.
29
On the Role of the Petrophysicist
I was delighted to see the about the origin of the porosity and saturation? Not usually,
article in SPWLA Today [May they just want the “best estimates” of those properties
2019] on “Empowering Formation along the wellbore regardless of whether, for example, the
Evaluation, One Project at a Time!” saturation is derived from a resistivity log in some intervals,
It captures many of the frustrations and from some type of capillary-function relationship
I felt when last year I read elsewhere. Get those confused when you’re trying to develop
“Petrophysics Training: Science or multiwell J-functions for a field using wellbore data and you
Software?” [SPWLA Today, July run the risk of simply reverse-engineering the J-function that
2018]. Despite having completely the petrophysicist used to generate some of the saturation
dropped out of practicing anything numbers in the first place.
Peter Day
technical associated with the oil In order to pull petrophysics out of the log-analysis trap
Marathon Oil patch, I still get annoyed when I into which it has fallen, the “empowering” article offered advice
Company—Retired read something that demonstrates to “speak the language of reservoir engineers, geologists,
that the author doesn’t recognize drillers, and geophysicists”: If you can’t communicate, then
that “log analysis” is not it really doesn’t matter how good you are at your job! Yes,
synonymous with “petrophysics”. I don’t wish to imply that by all means learn to understand what the other subsurface
one is intrinsically inferior to the other—“some of my best technologists are all about—and, yes, the economics gurus
friends are log analysts”—but the skill sets implied by the two as well—but while you are learning you should listen to how
terms are vastly different. the other specialists are communicating across technical
The confusion between the terms is as pervasive as domains. In many environments the interdisciplinary
it is annoying. Log analysis is simply a skill that some, but communication might be essentially nonexistent, and when
certainly not all, “petrophysicists” might have. Unless one is there is communication it is often limited to the needs of a
being deliberately demeaning, none of the other subsurface specific, much-simplified technical transaction: “I want logs of
professions are referred to by a specific skill that not all porosity and saturation.” The astute petrophysicist will quickly
members of the profession might have: “geophysicists” are not realize that, because of the range of their potential skills, they
routinely called “seismic processors”; or “reservoir engineers” are well positioned to understand the needs of the other
referred to as “type-curve matchers”; or “geologists” as subsurface specialties.
“petrologists”; so why should it be acceptable to equate As no doubt some petrophysicists have learned over the
“petrophysicists” with “log analysts”? years, when it comes to the crunch, it’s the petrophysicist
The problem really is not just pervasive, it’s also fairly who can actually communicate with the others on a project. I
deeply embedded in some organizations: The geologist who suspect that there are still some of us who remember seeing
has been on a formation-evaluation course who thinks that the “spider’s web diagram” showing the petrophysicist at the
plugging numbers into a spreadsheet log-analysis calculator center of the web and surrounded by all the other subsurface
counts as “doing petrophysics”; the geophysicist who wants technologists. In that light, it really can be the petrophysicist
the “petrophysicist” to provide an edited sonic log so they who helps a team “gel”: except that, unfortunately,
can generate a synthetic; the production engineer who wants “petrophysicists” are rarely assigned to teams, but instead are
the “petrophysicist” to provide edited sonic and density logs treated much like a common resource to be called on when
so they can calculate a stress profile; the reservoir engineer needed for a limited task.
who wants the “petrophysicist” to give them porosity and Thinking about the way forward, let me take 3D reservoir
saturation for their simulation, and then wants to know model building as an area where a petrophysicist might be a
what cutoff values should be used; the exploration manager valuable fit. Model building is a task frequently consigned to
who wants a pay-count from the “petrophysicist”; or the someone who can drive the software rather than someone
“petrophysicist” who simply cranks out the numbers without who has a broad understanding of the geotechnical disciplines
taking time to consider what might be done with them. that are involved: this should surely be an area in which a
The unspoken assumption in each of the above examples petrophysicist should excel—if only they would step up to
is: “it’s your job to provide me with data, you’re not smart take on the task, and demonstrate to the others that they do
enough to actually do the real work.” This, despite the fact that indeed have both a broad understanding of what everyone
many petrophysicists are not only quite adept at such tasks as else is about, and also a good grasp on when the relevant
synthetics-modeling, stress-analysis and reservoir-simulation, professionals should be brought into the modeling process.
but may actually be capable of doing a better job of the task The well-rounded petrophysicist should actually be
because not only do they understand the science of the task, something of a “mystery” to those who have seen them in
they also understand the origin and limitations of the data action: they should keep getting the question “what exactly
that are being used. Without wishing to appear to denigrate is your technical specialty?” To which the answer should
another technologist: Does the reservoir engineer really care perhaps simply be “subsurface integration.”
30
Statistically Evaluated Petrophysical Summaries: Some Issues with Spatial Correlation and
Cutoffs in the Treatment of Random Measurement and Parameter Errors
Methods for characterizing the stimulation programs. Sources of uncertainty outside of the
uncertainty of a petrophysical result petrophysical analysis also affect these decisions. Because the
on a depth-by-depth basis have petrophysical results are an input to many calculations related
been published and are commonly to other elements of uncertainty, a mischaracterization of a
practiced. There are several challenges petrophysical distribution can have a compounding effect. As
in upscaling these uncertainties, illustrated in the examples, this is important in even in the
especially when a petrophysical relatively simple case of the clastic reservoir studied here
cutoff is invoked. The literature does where the analysis was limited to consideration of random
not adequately address the subject parameter and measurement errors on the petrophysical
of upscaling uncertain petrophysical summary.
S.M. Haugland results, even for random parameter This paper is written from the point of view that a credible
Gatecliff, LLC or measurement errors. The intent of characterization of petrophysical uncertainties based, to the
this paper is to address this gap to an extent possible, on multidisciplinary input is an integral part
extent. A custom-made Monte Carlo of a petrophysical analysis. The authors reject arguments
algorithm is described and applied that a petrophysical uncertainty analysis is nonessential
to data from a clastic reservoir. Two because a reservoir engineer, geologist, or geophysicist will
distinct types of correlations are make changes. This occurs as members of other disciplines
included in the model: (1) Correlation have to incorporate alterations as the petrophysical work was
between random errors associated done lacking access to all relevant information for a complete
with each variable in the analysis, evaluation. The focus of the examples in this paper is on a few
and (2) spatial correlation of random of the technical problems related to upscaling a petrophysical
errors along the well trajectory. result. Nothing more will be said about organizational nor
S.O. Stalheim Additionally, when a cutoff individual mindsets.
Equinor condition is used, a net-to- Methods for characterizing the uncertainty of a
gross (N/G) ratio is evaluated in petrophysical result on a depth-by-depth basis have been
conjunction with a petrophysical published and are commonly practiced (Theys, 1999;
property distribution of interest. It is Bowers and Fitz, 2000; Fylling, 2002; Verga et al., 2002;
technically correct to treat the N/G Stalheim, 2016). However, upscaling these uncertainties (i.e.,
ratio and petrophysical property as averaging or smoothing over larger depth intervals) is not
a pair of jointly distributed random straightforward and often less understood, especially when
variables. In the examples presented petrophysical cutoffs are involved and random measurement
in this paper, failing to do this lead and parameter errors are relevant. As such, this topic has not
to significant errors including a been treated adequately in the literature (to the knowledge of
substantial underestimate of median the authors). This paper addresses two issues with upscaling
(P50) reserves, a large underestimate petrophysical results (1) the relationships between random
W.J.M. Epping
Shell Global Solutions of proven (P10) reserves, and an measurement and parameter errors across depths, herein
International B.V. overestimate of possible (P90) referred to as spatial correlation; and, (2) the evaluation of
reserves. In the absence of a cutoff an N/G ratio and corresponding joint petrophysical property
condition, the effect of correlations between variables is distribution when a petrophysical cutoff is used.
greater on the measures of spread than on the median. This Standing practices for handling errors of the type
too is important, especially for estimation of proven and addressed here involve “default assumptions” about spatial
possible reserves. correlation and seem to be widely practiced, often without
consideration by the petrophysicist. These assumptions do
INTRODUCTION not seem to be explicitly stated in the literature. The authors
believe Fylling (2002), for example, invokes these assumptions
A petrophysical summary and a characterization of its and even discusses spatial correlation in the context of
uncertainty are often the most impactful result delivered upscaling via Monte Carlo. These default assumptions are
by a petrophysicist. Summaries influence major investment • The random measurement and parameter errors in the
decisions, such as property acquisitions and divestment, petrophysical models have a spatially correlated and a
infrastructure for extracting and transporting reserves, spatially uncorrelated part.
locating and planning new wells, defining data acquisition • The spatially correlated part is taken to be perfectly
programs, completion decisions, reserves calculations, and correlated along the entire reservoir, consistent with
an infinite correlation distance.
31
• The spatially uncorrelated part, having a zero- default assumptions; and, (4) a significant overestimate of
correlation distance, is then ignored because its possible reserves under the default assumptions. Effects of
contribution is assumed to have zero mean and cross-correlations between various parameters were also
variance. underestimated by treating the petrophysical property and
N/G independently.
The default assumptions involve assigning an extreme The numerical results were evaluated using a customized
value to the correlation distance. This is convenient because Monte Carlo algorithm suited to summarize petrophysical
the spatial correlation is not referenced in the analysis. results and amid random measurement and parameter errors
However, the numerical results presented here indicate that with specified correlations between variables at a given depth
values for upscaled petrophysical quantities depend strongly and correlations across depths. Care was taken to treat the
on the spatial correlation of the errors. Even though it is not property distributions and N/G as jointly distributed variables.
straightforward to precisely characterize the spatial correlation This customized algorithm also enables propagation of
between a pair of petrophysical errors along a reservoir, arbitrary, depth-dependent statistical distributions through a
alternative characterizations of the spatial correlation had a chain of calculations.
significant impact on an upscaled results studied in this paper. The next section provides a brief discussion of the types
Fylling (2002) also discusses using upscaled and uncertain of uncertainty and errors in a petrophysical analysis studied
petrophysical results in reservoir models. A meaningful in the examples. These are random errors associated with
discussion on populating reservoir models using upscaled and the measured well-log values and the parameters used to
uncertain petrophysical results is not offered here because it evaluate the results being summarized. Spatially correlated
would be lengthy and is beside the point of this paper. random errors in the context of a petrophysical summary
Regardless of spatial correlation, when a petrophysical are discussed in the section on “Spatial Correlation” along
cutoff is used, a N/G ratio is evaluated. It represents the with some options for estimating spatial correlation values.
fractional distance along the interval being summarized A useful reference on the topic was written by Gringarten
over which the cutoff condition is satisfied. A petrophysical and Deutsch (2001). Correlations between random errors in
property distribution over the intervals satisfying the cutoffs the variables are discussed in the section on “Dependencies
is also evaluated. This paper advocates treating both the Between Variables”, which also specifies the “cross-correlation
property distribution and N/G ratio as a pair of jointly model” used here. The model is necessary to ensure that a
distributed random variables in a statistical sense. (It can be valid covariance matrix is used in the analysis (Apanasovich
convenient to treat the N/G as an independent variable. and Genton, 2010). Petrophysical cutoffs are discussed in the
When this is done, it is necessary to regard the property section on “Petrophysical Cutoffs”. Statistically-characterized
distribution as conditional for a given N/G. The roles of cutoffs are treated in detail, and so is the joint nature of
the two variables can be interchanged.) Simply evaluating the N/G and petrophysical property distributions. Later
the N/G ratio and property distribution as if they are two sections describe the petrophysical data and methodology,
independent quantities lead to larger errors in the results, which is used in the numerical examples; and the statistical
particularly under the default assumptions. methodology, which is used to obtain numerical results for (a)
Numerical examples for a 50-m thick clastic reservoir are cases without a petrophysical cutoff, and (b) where a shale
given. The logs indicate significant heterogeneity over vertical volume (Vsh) cutoff is applied.
distances of 5 to 10 m. When correlation distances in this A series of guidelines for resource evaluation
range are used in place of the default assumptions, the P90 to and classification known as the Petroleum Resources
P10 spread in the distributions representing the petrophysical Management System (PRMS) is now being further developed
summaries decreased by approximately 50%. Interestingly, under sponsorship from the American Association of
assuming zero spatial correlation provided distributions having Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), World Petroleum Council
about 10% of the width of the corresponding distributions (WPC), the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), the Society
using the default assumptions. of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE), the Society of
The petrophysical cutoff condition used in the examples Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), the Society of Petrophysicists
lead to: (1) the P50 Hydrocarbon Pore Fraction (HCPF) and Log Analysts (SPWLA), and the European Association of
depending strongly on the correlation distance for a given Geoscientists and Engineers (EAGE). In the context of the PRMS,
N/G ratio; (2) a substantial underestimate of P50 reserves Monte Carlo Calculations of the type described here fall under
if petrophysical properties are treated as an independent probabilistic reserves estimation. The reserves classifications
variable instead of as a conditional variable when the in the PRMS are 1P (proved), 2P (proved + probable), and 3P
default assumptions are used for a given N/G ratio; (3) a (proved + probable + possible). Results presented here map
significant underestimate of proven reserves under the to these classifications as follows: P10↔1P, P50↔2P, and
32
P90↔3P. There is not a consistently-applied convention in the SPATIAL CORRELATION IN THE CONTEXT OF A
industry for these designations (Aldred, 2018). PETROPHYSICAL SUMMARY
UNCERTAINTY AND ERRORS IN A PETROPHYSICAL ANALYSIS Spatial correlation between errors associated with
petrophysical variables is expected because of temporal and
Measured data used for a petrophysical analysis typically spatial variation in depositional processes and other factors,
include a set of well logs suitable for evaluating shale content, such as diagenesis. In the vertical direction, correlation
porosity, and water saturation along a reservoir interval. distances tend to be much smaller than in the lateral direction
Results are evaluated depthbydepth, upscaled (summed or (Gringarten and Deutsch, 2001) because most depositional
averaged), and reported in a petrophysical summary. Much processes occur over a relatively wide lateral area but at a
has been written on the general topic of uncertainty and errors slow rate. This is consistent with Walther’s law, which states
in a petrophysical analysis (Theys, 1999; Bowers and Fitz, that a vertical sequence of facies will be the product of a
2000; Fylling, 2002; Verga et al., 2002; Stalheim, 2016). These series of depositional environments that lay laterally adjacent
references should be a good starting point for a literature to each other; also, temperatures and pressures that affect
review. The discussion of uncertainty and errors given here is diagenetic processes and fluid properties usually vary much
limited to the types of errors addressed in the examples given more vertically than laterally.
in this paper. These are random errors associated with the Reservoir models commonly use on lateral spatial
measured well-log values and the parameters of the models correlation to constrain reservoir properties between wells.
used to evaluate the results being summarized. Examples This paper applies such commonly-used concepts to upscale
of errors not addressed in the examples include, but are by petrophysical results and their uncertainties. Given an upscaled
no means limited to depth errors, sampling bias errors, and petrophysical distribution at a well, realizations of an earth
model errors. model between wells can be populated by sampling form the
To what extent does a random error correlate with itself distribution in a way that honors the lateral spatial correlations
or with another error over depth? This is an important, deemed applicable by the reservoir engineer setting up the
rarely asked question. In practice, the random errors are model.
implicitly assumed (by default) to have spatially correlated and In the field of statistics, spatial correlations are often
uncorrelated components. The uncorrelated part is ignored characterized using an autocorrelation function. An
because its variance is assumed to be negligible and the autocorrelation is a correlation between errors for a variable at
correlated part is assumed to be maximally correlated. This two different locations or times (in this paper, time-dependent
paper reconsiders these assumptions and suggests that their correlations are not discussed).
use should be limited to instances where the assumptions are Geostatisticans refer to a related quantity known as a
believed to be correct. variogram. This paper will refer to autocorrelation functions,
In addition to the well logs, parameters are required rather than variograms, because autocorrelations relate
to perform a petrophysical analysis. For example, a matrix directly to the covariance matrix used to sample the random
density and a fluid density are prescribed to evaluate a variables. The relationship between an autocorrelation function
porosity from a density log. Archie parameters, m and n, are and a variogram for a stationary variable is 2γ = 2σ2 (1 - R) where
specified to evaluate a water saturation from a porosity and a the variogram is 2γ, the autocorrelation function is R, and σ2
resistivity log. The set of parameters may be determined from is the variance of the variable (the examples and methods
a combination of data sources that include cores, drill cuttings, used in this paper are not limited to stationary processes). For
mud logs, fluid samples, and well-test results. Adequate a more detailed discussion of variograms, refer to Gringarten
spatial sampling (both along a well and laterally in the field) and Deutsch (2001). For a petrophysical summary in a vertical
is challenging because costs and operational difficulties of well, autocorrelation functions representing measurement
obtaining complete datasets in single wells can be prohibitive; and parameter errors in the vertical direction are relevant.
nonetheless, a set of parameter values has to be prescribed Examples published in the literature demonstrate that such
along the reservoir to perform the analysis. Each parameter spatial correlations vary significantly ranging from less than
can be assigned a distribution about its mean value along the one meter to tens of meters (Gringarten and Deutsch, 2001).
well. The spatial correlation of the parameter errors is also The autocorrelation between a variable at depths
treated using the same default assumptions applied to the z1 and z2 is R(z1, z2). In the examples of petrophysical
measurement errors. Petrophysical cutoffs are parameters summaries presented in this paper, a simplified version of
often used in defining net reservoir thickness and property the autocorrelation function, R(|z1 – z2|), is used. It depends
distributions. Fylling (2002) discusses issues with cutoffs and only on the distance, |z1 – z2|, between the two depths. This
determining their value. simplification is a matter of convenience. It is not required to
practice the statistical methodology described in the section
on “Statistical Methodology.”
33
Fig. 1—Ten thousand realizations of a random variable, V(z) where z = 0, plotted against itself at distances of z = 1 ft, z = 2 ft, z = 3 ft, and z = 24 ft. The
autocorrelation coefficient, R(z), decreases to zero over this range according to a Gaussian function with a correlation distance of 3 m.
Figure 1 shows four crossplots of 104 realizations of a decreases because the errors tend to be more independent
random variable, V(z), at a depth, z = 0, against itself at and cancel to a greater extent when they are averaged.
depths z = 1 ft, z = 2 ft, z = 3 ft, and z = 24 ft. The autocorrelation Figure 3 is a schematic depicting porosity over a depth
function decreases over this range according to: interval. A probability density function (PDF) characterizes
R(z) = exp (– |z/3|2). the porosity distribution at each depth. Suppose a
This is a Gaussian autocorrelation function with a distribution for the depth-average of the porosity is to
correlation distance of 3 ft. For the depth, z = 1 ft, the be evaluated. The result very much depends on how the
autocorrelation coefficient is 0.90; accordingly, the errors vary from depth to depth. One extreme case is
crossplot shows a strong dependence between values independent (and therefore uncorrelated) errors (i.e.,
of the variable at z = 0 and z = 1 ft. For longer distances, R → 0). The PDF for the sum of independent random
the correlation coefficient decreases, resulting in less variables is the mathematical convolution of the individual
dependence between the two sets of values for the random PDFs (Jazwinski, 1970). The convolution operation leads
variable shown on the crossplot. to a relatively narrow distribution for the average. This is
Figures 2a to 2c each show three realizations of random expected because independent errors tend to cancel over
errors with correlation distances of lc = 1.5 m, 3.0 m, and a large number of realizations for the sum; conversely,
9.0 m. As the correlation distance increases, the errors the errors have high spatial correlation, R → 1, and the
vary less rapidly along the interval. Figure 2d represents distribution for the depth-average case will be wider
the depth-average error for each correlation distance. The because the errors tend to accumulate instead of cancel.
distribution becomes narrower as the correlation distance The correlation coefficient for such random variables is not
34
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Fig. 2—Three realizations of a random error having a correlation distance of (a) 1.5 m, (b) 3.0 m, and (c) 9.0 m. A schematic representing the dependence
of the distribution for the depth-average error on the correlation distance is shown in (d).
It is unlikely for errors to have nearly perfect spatial

correlation or to be totally independent; however, it can
be convenient to represent uncertainties as having a
wider distribution (as is the case for) instead of a narrower
distribution to increase the likelihood that actual values for
the petrophysical summary is within the predicted limits.
This practice can cause collateral damage. For example, a
risk-neutral operator (seeking a maximum return for a given
uncertainty level across a portfolio of investments) will require
higher-than-necessary returns given overstated uncertainties.
A risk-averse operator may avoid an investment based on a
petrophysical result indicative of a risk higher than there
actually is. A risk-tolerant operator may make bad investments
based upon inflated expectations for the upside. This paper
is written assuming that a petrophysical summary is more
valuable when it is evaluated using the correct uncertainties.
Estimating Spatial Correlations

The default assumption for spatial correlation is an
extreme value, , for spatial correlation and applying it uniformly
Fig. 3—This schematic depicts porosity over a depth interval. The porosity in the analysis. It is very likely that one can do better even
is characterized by a probability density function (PDF) at each depth. A lacking sufficient data to directly evaluate spatial correlations
depth-average of porosity will have a statistical distribution that depends
on how the errors correlate along the interval.
using a formal procedure like the one Gringarten and Deutch
(2001) describe. When sufficient data are unavailable to
simply evaluate the autocorrelation or variogram according to
guaranteed to be 1, but it will be or approach 1 in most mathematical definitions, a geological understanding of the
practical cases of interest for the purpose of this paper. scales and severity of various heterogeneities in the reservoir
35
are important. Vertical scales may vary from a few decimeters depth. For convenience, the cross-correlations are taken to be
up to the thickness of the reservoir. Once the scales for a constant along the well.
heterogeneity are determined, the question is how much A dependency between the mean values of variables
does an error decorrelate over such a scale? This is partly a is different than a dependency between their errors.
geological question. It is likely to lead to a few scenarios to Relationships between mean values are applied to determine
include in the calculations, but it can also point to the need a “log” representing the mean values along the well. The
for acquiring more core or using digitally evaluated rock errors are then superimposed on the mean values.
properties, both of which can improve the accuracy of the Errors for different variables across depths are not
estimated correlations. In the examples presented herein generally independent because of autocorrelations and
this paper, the default assumptions are replaced by uniformly cross-correlations. This is because a valid covariance matrix
applying a finite correlation distance in the calculations must be non-negative definite. In this paper, a “separable
instead of an infinite correlation distance. This was done to model” is used to relate the correlations between different
keep the examples simple and make them more instructive. variables across depths. In a separable model, the auto and
Examples of more complicated spatial correlation cross-correlations are specified independently and combined
scenarios that could be treated in a subsequent publication in a multiplicative process. Separable and other models are
include lithological uncertainty and independent geological discussed in the literature (Apanasovich and Genton, 2010).
units. In the case of lithological uncertainty, a different set To specify the separable model used in the numerical
of spatial correlation parameters may be prescribed for each examples, let the cross-correlation coefficient for variables i
lithology considered. In fact, the lithology may have its own and j be rij (0). The correlation coefficient applicable between
spatially correlated uncertainty, within which each lithofacies variable i at the depth Z1 and variable j at depth z2 is:
may be characterized with its own set of spatial error
correlations.
Even simple cases with independent geological units (1)
may be worthy of separate publication. Consider a pair
of geologically-independent reservoir units. Suppose one
where Ri (|z1 – z2|) and Rj (|z1 – z|) represent the
applied the method described in this paper to upscale a
autocorrelation functions for the two variables. Equation 1 is a
petrophysical property and its uncertainty for each of the two
useful model because it provides a simple way of specifying a
geological units. Given that the units are independent, the
valid correlation matrix consistent with the inputs. It amounts
PDF for a petrophysical property representing the composite
to geometrically averaging the autocorrelation functions for
(both units together) is the convolution of the individual PDFs
each pair of variables.
(Jazwinski, 1970).
DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN VARIABLES Estimating Cross-Correlations

The remarks at the end of the previous section suggest
Dependencies between variables are also important. some alternatives for evaluating correlation distances
Causes for such dependencies include (1) two variables (autocorrelation functions). Challenges are similar in the
depending on a third, (2) two variables resulting from or evaluation of cross-correlations when there are insufficient
being influenced by a common process; and, (3) the existence data to evaluate them according to their mathematical
of a causal relationship between variables. For sedimentary definitions. One should keep in mind that an assumption
rock, all of these may be relevant because the properties of is made by assigning a trivial value (such as zero) to a
the rock are the result of a common depositional process cross-correlation. Using such assumptions without careful
and geological history. In a petrophysical analysis, results consideration is potentially more dangerous than using a
are evaluated using a chain of calculations. This means qualitatively estimated, nontrivial value for a cross-correlation.
that a result can be correlated with the measurements and There is a high likelihood that a petrophysical summary can
parameters used to evaluate it and also with other results that be improved or defended by (1) estimating the error for each
depend explicitly (or implicitly due to another correlation) on variable using existing data, (2) identifying data that may be
a common measurement or parameter. used to numerically evaluate correlations between variables,
A cross-correlation coefficient can be assigned to each (3) identifying geological reasons as to why a correlation
pair of variables and used to characterize the correlation between two variables may exist or not, and, (4) attempting
between their errors at a given depth. In general, this to bound the range for the correlation coefficient based on
methodology includes cross-correlations that vary with geological reasoning, reservoir performance, etc.
36
PETROPHYSICAL CUTOFFS of the reservoir. One use of a cutoff is to avoid errors from
applying petrophysical models suitable for the most relevant
Cutoff conditions may be used to eliminate intervals parts of the reservoir to intervals of lesser value. Of course,
corresponding to poor-quality rock or reservoir having there is some uncertainty in the delineation of these intervals;
insufficient porosity or a high shale content. Depth intervals thus, determining a suitable value for a cutoff can be a
satisfying the cutoff condition are included in a N/G ratio (i.e., challenge. This is one reason why a statistically-defined cutoff
N/G = net thickness/gross thickness) distribution. Property can be useful (Fig. 5). This cutoff condition may or may not be
distributions [such as porosity, water saturation, shale volume satisfied in any realization at each depth in the range. Each
(Vsh), permeability, etc.] are evaluated over the population of realization is dependent on the property value error and the
results that satisfies the cutoff condition. A cutoff condition value for the cutoff, both of which can vary along the interval.
can have its own autocorrelation function and it can be In this example, intervals with a higher mean porosity will
correlated with other variables. satisfy the cutoff more frequently than intervals with a lower
Figure 4 is an example of a constant and deterministic mean porosity.
cutoff condition applied to a variable with a mean value of When a petrophysical property distribution is evaluated
zero at each depth. A depth interval with an error below the using a cutoff condition, it is a conditional distribution
cutoff is excluded from the N/G distribution. The correlation that depends on N/G. Consider a population of N/G and
distance in Fig. 4a is infinite; so, all values in any given corresponding net-average petrophysical property values.
realization either pass or fail the cutoff. This leads to the step Each member of the population is a pair of values that was
distribution for N/G as shown in Fig. 4c. Figure 4b shows the evaluated together. They are not generally independent. Over
correlation distance being 3 m. Some values pass and others the population, for any given N/G-value, there is a range of
fail in any given realization. This leads to a continuously valued net-average petrophysical property values. For another N/G-
distribution. value, the net-average petrophysical property distribution
Cutoff conditions can be estimated based on reservoir will generally be different; similarly, for any given net-average
performance, geological analogs, or core data. Often, the parts petrophysical property value, there is a range of N/G values
of a reservoir that will perform poorly have more complicated that will vary with the net-average petrophysical property
petrophysical relationships than the most relevant portion value. For this reason, both variables are characterized with
(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 4—Two realizations of a random error with a correlation distance of (a) infinity and (b) 3.0 m. The cutoff condition is also shown. For the case with the
infinite correlation distance, all values in any given realization either pass or fail the cutoff. This leads to the step distribution for N/G shown in (c). For the
case with the 3 m correlation distance, some values pass and others fail in any given realization and leads to a narrower distribution (c).
37
+1) between the errors for the Vsh and the Vsh_c are shown as
a function of the correlation distance. For reference, each
graph has a point for the “Uncertainty Neglected” case where
calculations were done without reference to any uncertainty.
There are geological reasons why the correlation between
errors for the Vsh and the Vsh_c may be positive or negative.
Suppose, for example, the shale volume has dispersed and
laminated components. A negative correlation is appropriate
for Vsh errors dominated by the dispersed component
because its increase has a larger adverse impact on reservoir
performance than an equivalent increase in the laminated
component. A positive correlation would be appropriate for Vsh
errors dominated by variations in the laminated component
because of a larger Vsh in an otherwise equivalent laminated
reservoir.
The N/G results shown in Fig. 7a are applicable to both the
jointly and independently evaluated property distributions
because N/G is treated as the independent variable in the
conditional relationship between the net-average property
and the N/G values. Neglecting uncertainty leads to
underestimating the N/G by up to 6% when the correlation
distance is infinite. For zero correlation distance, neglecting
Fig. 5—This schematic is analogous to Fig. 4, but the cutoff condition is
statistically defined and all properties of the variable are depth-dependent.
uncertainty overestimates the N/G by about 9%. The N/G ratio
scales property distributions that represent volumes such
as a porosity, bulk volume water, and HCPF; therefore, each
a two-dimensional (2D) joint PDF. The N/G will be treated, vertical axis in Figs. 7b to 7e is the property value multiplied by
by convention, as an independent variable. A conditional N/G. This scaling accounts for the fact that 1−N/G of the total
netaverage petrophysical property distribution will then be rock volume has been removed by the cutoff condition and
applicable for a given N/G value. enables comparison of results across a range of N/G values on
Figures 6 and 7 shown below are examples of results a per unit volume basis.
evaluated using the data and methodology described in the Figures 7b and 7c are the net-average effective porosity
sections on “Petrophysical Methodology” and “Statistical scaled by N/G and evaluated respectively using joint and
Methodology.” The cutoff condition is a shale volume cutoff independent distributions. For an infinite correlation
(Vsh_c) with a mean value of 0.5 and standard deviation of 0.1. distance, the porosities from the joint distribution would be
Figure 6 is a set of 2D histograms representing the joint PDF for underestimated by 5 to 15% when neglecting uncertainty.
a population of N/G and the corresponding net-average shale When the correlation distance is zero, a 5 to 10% overestimate
volume (Vsh Net) values evaluated for correlation distances, lc = of the porosity would result from neglecting uncertainty. The
0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and ∞ m. The cross-correlation between corresponding results from the independent distributions in
the errors for the Vsh and the Vsh_c is zero in each graph. It is Fig. 7c are almost the same as from the joint distribution when
evident, especially from the results with larger correlation the correlation between the Vsh and the Vsh_c errors is +1. The
distances, that N/G and Vsh Net are dependent. If they were uncorrelated and negatively correlated cases are significantly
independent, the variation along one axis would not depend underestimated when the correlation distance is large and
on the value on the other. One may wonder why, in Fig. 6, independent distributions are used. The results from the joint
the maximum value for Vsh Net is < 0.5 given that the cutoff and independent distributions are nearly the same when the
condition has a mean value of 0.5. This is because the Vsh Net correlation distance is zero. Similar remarks apply for the
values are an average shale volume over only the depths that HCPF values in Figs. 7d and 7e. If the correlation distance is
passed the cutoff in each realization. large, neglecting uncertainty would lead to underestimating
Figure 7 is a quantitative comparison of the P50 property hydrocarbon reserves by between 13 and 29%. Estimating the
distributions evaluated jointly and independently. Results reserves using independent distributions gives a roughly 15%
for three cases with different cross-correlation values (0, -1, underestimate of hydrocarbon reserves.
38
Fig. 6—Two-dimensional histograms representing joint PDF for net-average Vsh and N/G. The Vsh_c has a mean value of 0.5 and a standard deviation of
0.1. Cases for correlation distances of lc = 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and ∞ m are shown.
39
(a)
(b) (c)
(d) (e)
Fig. 7—The P50 N/G is plotted in (a). The median for the net-average effective porosity and hydrocarbon pore fraction (HCPF) \results were evaluated
using a joint distribution in (b) and (d) given the P50 N/G. The same results evaluated assuming independent distributions are shown in (c) and (e). Each
graph also has a point corresponding to the “Uncertainty Neglected” case.
40
In this example, neglecting uncertainty leads to a significant Shale volume (2)
underestimate of P50 porosity and hydrocarbon reserves when
correlation distances are large; and a significant overestimate
the same results when correlation distances are small. Total porosity (3)
Comparing results from joint and independent distributions
leads to the conclusion that the use of joint distributions and
conditional probabilities to estimate property values makes a Effective porosity (4)
substantial difference when correlation distances are large but
has little impact when correlation distances are small. Based
on these results, it appears to be worthwhile to account for Water saturation (5)
autocorrelations, cross-correlations, and to estimate property
values on the basis of joint distributions when cutoffs are
used, especially when correlation distances are large. Hydrocarbon Pore Fraction (6)
There has been an ongoing debate over the use of
cutoff conditions in general, as well as the use of any specific
instance of a cutoff condition. This paper does not advocate where in Eq. 2, Vsh is shale volume, GR is the measured gamma
using or avoiding cutoffs and provides examples with and ray log value, GRsa is GR in a pure sand formation, and GRsh is GR
without cutoffs. Reference to cutoffs made here is to state in a pure shale formation. In Eq. 3, ϕt is total porosity, ρb is the
that, if cutoffs are used, their correlation to other properties measured bulk density log value, ρma is the matrix density, and
and their spatial correlation need to be considered. It is clear ρf, is the fluid density. In Eq. 4, ϕe is effective porosity, and ϕsh
from the examples that the effect of a cutoff condition is the is shale porosity. In Eq. 5, Sw is water saturation, Rt is resistivity
most when the default assumptions are applied. log value, Rw is water resistivity, Rsh is shale resistivity, m is the
How the shale volume cutoff used in these examples Archie cementation exponent, and n is the Archie. Saturation
was determined is beside the point of this paper. However, exponent.
it was evaluated by plotting cumulativeHCPF against the Equation 5 is known as the Indonesia equation and is
corresponding shale volume in a simplified calculation that used in this paper to enable comparison of the results against
ignores uncertainty. The “knee” on this curve is close to Vsh results in other publications where this equation was used.
= 0.5 and corresponds to a cumulative HCPF of 0.90. The Elements therein are: water saturation resistivity log value.
mean value for the cutoff condition was assigned a value of The authors do not advocate or agree with the use of this
Vsh_c as a result. The standard deviation assigned to the cutoff equation for petrophysical evaluation, but further discussion
condition is conservative in that it is less than the uncertainty of advantages and disadvantages of various petrophysical
in the Vsh. One may argue that the cutoff Vsh_c = 0.5 is high; models is beyond the purpose of this paper.
however, lowering the value would increase the influence of The logs over the reservoir interval are shown in Fig.
the cutoff on the results. One may then argue that alternative 8. This is a clastic reservoir with some coal and calcite beds
methods should be used to evaluate the shale volume, but (that were excluded from the petrophysical summaries
the methodologies used here are consistent with previously presented here). Table 1 lists distributions for the parameters
published methods accepted by the SPWLA in Stalhiem and for the measurement errors that will be used. These
(2016). have been chosen to be consistent with the ranges used by
In general, the authors advocate avoiding shale volume Stalheim (2016). Furthermore, the data and petrophysical
cutoffs in laminated formations. In such cases, ideally, any methodologies shown and described above were peer-
cutoff condition that is to be applied would be based on a sand reviewed and published in the Petrophysics for a closely
count and sand layer properties. The authors have no reason related topic; so, the authors of the this paper consider these
to believe the formation evaluated in this paper is laminated data suitable for the purpose at hand, which is to illustrate
and consider this cutoff condition to be defensible. the use of a more sophisticated upscaling algorithm than was
previously applied to the same data.
PETROPHYSICAL METHODOLOGY AND HYDROCARBON Figure 9 shows the beta-function Probability Density
INITIALLY IN PLACE Functions (PDFs) and corresponding Cumulative Distribution
Functions (CDFs) for parameters that will be characterized
The well-log data, petrophysical methodology, error using a beta PDF. The beta function is versatile in the sense
distributions, and correlations from Stalheim (2016) are that it can be used to represent a wide range of symmetric
honored here. and asymmetric distributions over a finite interval.
41
Fig. 8—Log plot over the interval of interest. Track 1, lithology; Track 2, gamma-ray (GR) log; Track 3, bulk density; Track 4, total porosity (ϕt) evaluated
using mean values for log and parameter errors; Track 5, deep resistivity log.
Table 1—Distributions for Errors on Each Variable
42
(a) (b)
(c)
Fig. 9—Probability density and cumulative distribution functions for parameters characterized by a beta PDF. (a) GRsa is the sand gamma ray value; (b) ϕsh
is the shale porosity; (c) Rsh is the shale resistivity.
For volumetrics, the hydrocarbon pore fraction (HCPF) statistically independent with respect to the other variables
(Eq. 6) must be multiplied by a N/G ratio when a cutoff is in Eq. 7, a correct statistical calculation requires evaluating
used. In addition, a gross rock volume (GRV) and formation the probability distribution of a product of several random
volume factor (FVF) respectively account for the size of the variables. The Monte Carlo algorithm discussed in the
reservoir and differences between the hydrocarbon volumes section on “Statistical Methodology” is capable of evaluating
at surface and subsurface conditions. Given these definitions, Eq. 7 even in cases where GRV and FVF are dependent.
the hydrocarbon initially in place, HCIIP, is: Dependencies between GRV, FVF, and the other factors in Eq.
7 are possible. Two examples where such dependencies have
potential to be relevant are (1) coupling between HCPF and
(7) FVF due to temperature uncertainty, and (2) FVF and GRV due
to uncertainty in the pressure (or hydrocarbon type) caused
Proven, probable, and possible reserves are the P10, by structural uncertainties.
P50, and P90 values for HCIIP respectively. The numerical
examples presented in later sections examine the factor STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
HCPF × N/G in detail. This includes additional discussion of
properly treating N/G and HCPF as a pair of jointly-distributed A set of variables comprising well logs and parameters
random variables. Uncertainty GRV or FVF should be treated is the primary input. Each variable is characterized using a
carefully. Even in the simplest case where GRV and FVF are univariate (marginal) PDF at each depth, an autocorrelation
43
function, and crosscorrelations with other variables. In the
examples, each autocorrelation function is parameterized in
distance as discussed in the section on “Spatial Correlation.”
The cross-correlations are taken to be constant along the
well as mentioned in the section on “Dependencies Between
Variables” and Eq. 1 is used to evaluate correlations between
different variables across depths. See the “Variables and
Statistical Inputs” boxes in Fig. 10.
Samples for the variables obeying the prescribed statistics

are evaluated as follows:
1. Adjust the input correlations to be consistent with
standard normal random variables using a Gaussian
copula (Liu, 1986; Tang, 2015; Vorechovsky, 2008).
This ensures that the samples have the correct
correlation coefficients after applying the probability
transformations in item 3 below.
2. Evaluate a population of the correlated standard
normal random variables using a Cholesky
decomposition technique (Higham, 1990). The size
of the matrix that is decomposed is the number
of depths in the calculation multiplied by the
number of variables. Calculations for variables not
correlated with each other can be done separately;
so, the calculations are numerically tractable. Larger
covariance matrices than can be handled with the
Cholesky method can be treated using Fourier Fig. 10—Flow chart (abbreviated) illustrating the inputs and results.
methods, but these require regularly sampled data
and have other limitations undesirable for the
petrophysical problem (Ravelec et al., 2000). have to be evaluated and carried forward into the subsequent
3. Apply probability transformations to the standard calculation. The situation is similar for two or more results
normal samples so that the probability-transformed with any dependency on a common variable.
samples have the marginal PDF that was assigned.
4. Each member of a variable population consists of a
set of values corresponding for the variable at each EXAMPLES WITHOUT PETROPHYSICAL CUTOFFS
depth.
The petrophysical and statistical methodologies discussed
A result population follows from evaluating functions, in the two previous sections are applied to the data shown
e.g., Eqs. 2 to 6, of the variables. Each member of a result in Fig. 8 using inputs listed in Table 1. The autocorrelation
population consists of a set of values for the result at each functions shown in Fig. 11 will be used to represent the
depth under consideration. Given a result population, one can decorrelation of each error with distance. These are Gaussian
evaluate statistical distributions for the result or quantities autocorrelation functions, . Each autocorrelation function has
such as sums or averages over depth (Fig. 10). a value of 1 at a distance of 0 and is required because this is a
In the examples presented here, depth-dependent degenerate case where a variable is correlated against itself at
distributions for shale volume (Vsh) and total porosity (ϕt) a single location.
are evaluated separately. These results are used as inputs Figure 12 shows the mean value and PDF as a function
into a second calculation, which is the evaluation of depth- of depth below reservoir top for shale volume (Vsh), total
dependent distributions for effective porosity (ϕe), water porosity (ϕt), effective porosity (ϕe), water saturation (Sw),
saturation (Sw), hydrocarbon pore fraction (HCPF), and the and hydrocarbon pore fraction (HCPF) alongside the lithology
distributions for the petrophysical summaries. column. These results are based on a population of 104. The
Grouping the calculations this way avoids complications PDF at each depth is independent of the spatial correlation but
arising from using a result as an input to a subsequent does depend on cross-correlations. In this example, the only
calculation; specifically, a large number of numerically nonzero cross-correlation is between the errors in the Archie
evaluated correlations between the result and the input would parameters, which are taken to be perfectly correlated. This
44
leads to the PDFs for Sw and HCPF being wider (corresponding
to a slightly larger standard deviation) than they would have if
the cross-correlation were zero.
Figure 13 shows the cumulative distribution for the net
average (average over depth) of each quantity in Fig. 12 for
correlation distances of lc = 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and ∞ m.
In all cases, the distribution becomes wider as the correlation
distance increases. The net-average Vsh distribution is skewed
toward lower values when lc is large because (1) parts of the
reservoir have a significant probability of zero shale content,
and (2) when the correlation distance is large, these parts
of the reservoir tend to contribute to the population of net
averages as a unit (they are all zero sometimes). For smaller
correlation distances, these parts of the reservoir contribute
to the population of net averages more independently instead
Fig. 11—Autocorrelation functions used in the examples have correlation of as a unit. The net-average ϕt distributions (Fig. 13b) are not
distances ranging from zero to infinity. skewed in this fashion and the P50 value is nearly the same
regardless of the correlation distance. The ϕe, Sw, and HCPF in
Figs. 13c to 13e all depend on Vsh; so, they are similarly skewed.
The effect of the correlated Archie parameter errors on the
net-average distributions for Sw and HCPF is greater when
the correlation distance is larger than when the correlation
distance is smaller. The effect of this correlation is also greater
on Sw than on HCPF because about 1/3 of the sensitivity of
HCPF is due to ϕe and the rest is due to Sw.
Figure 14 shows the mean value, standard deviation,
P10, P15, P32.5, P50, P67.5, P85, and P90 derived from the
distributions in Fig. 13 as a function of the correlation distance.
Table 2 lists, as a percentage, the ratio of the standard
deviation to the mean value of each result when lc = 0.6 and
m. Roughly speaking, the spread doubles as lc ranges from 6
to m. For a thicker reservoir, the spread would increase more
dramatically over this range of correlation distances. The
opposite would be true for a thinner reservoir. The spread
for lc = 0 is not zero and would become relatively larger for a
thinner reservoir and smaller for a thicker reservoir.
Figure 15 illustrates the dependence of the cumulative
distribution for net-average HCPF on additional error
correlations, under the default assumptions. The ϕt and Vsh
errors are perfectly-correlated (long-dash line), uncorrelated
(solid line), and anticorrelated (short-dash line). (Any of these
cases can be realistic depending on how anomalies in the shale
volume affects the matrix density, fluid density, and (even)
the bulk density errors.) Consistent with the observation and
discussion of the skewed results in Fig. 13, these curves do
not intersect at their P50 values and differ by about 6.5%. In
Fig. 12—Lithology column and depth-related results for shale volume general, one should not expect a correct P50 result under the
(Vsh), porosity (Por), effective porosity (ϕe), water saturation (Sw), and default assumptions even when no cutoffs are used.
hydrocarbon pore fraction (HCPF). Each track containing a numerical
result shows a mean value curve and probability density.
45
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e)
Fig. 13—Cumulative probability representing the net average for each result in Fig. 12 for the indicated correlation distances. The dotted lines on the
graphs for the water saturation (Sw) (d) and HCPF (e) represent the case with uncorrelated errors on the Archie parameters.
46
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e)
Fig. 14—Statistics for summarized quantities as a function of correlation distance.
47
Table 2—Ratio of Standard Deviation to Mean Value for Correlation -1, and +1, respectively. Figure 9.1 (b), Figures 16d and 16f
Distances of 0 m, 6 m, and Infinity for Each Result
show the corresponding P10, P50, and P90 N/G values. The
spread between the P10 and P90 N/G is significantly reduced
when the errors in Vsh and Vsh_c are positively correlated than
when these errors are uncorrelated or negatively correlated.
This is because the population of differences, Vsh − Vsh_c, is
more narrowly distributed and less likely to change sign (±) at
any given depth along the well when the errors are positively-
correlated compared to the uncorrelated and negatively-
correlated cases. The discussion of the P50 N/G values shown
in Fig. 7a applies and is not repeated here.
A pair of values is reported for Sw and HCPF to represent cases with
correlated and uncorrelated Archie parameter errors.
Histograms that represent the joint PDFs for N/G and net
average are shown in Figs. 17a, 17c, and 17e for the case
of uncorrelated errors between Vsh and Vsh_c and correlation
distances of 3, 24, and m. The spike on Fig. 17e for lc = ∞
corresponds to the highest-quality rock near the top of the
reservoir. In cases where almost no other part of the reservoir
passes the cutoff condition, this part enters the summary
as a unit when correlation distances are large. This spike is
much smaller for lc = 24 m, and it is absent from the graph
for lc = 3 m. The comparison of the property distributions
for the P50 N/G discussed in relation to Fig. 7 illustrates that
there can be a substantial benefit of using joint distributions
instead of treating the N/G and net average property values as
independent statistical quantities. For the sake of comparison,
Figs. 17b, 17d, and 17f show histograms corresponding to
independently-evaluated results in each dimension that were
multiplied to yield the 2D histogram shown. (Recall that the
PDF for two independent variables is the product of their
individual PDFs.) As expected from Fig. 7, the independent and
Fig. 15—HCPF evaluated using default for cases with perfectly correlated, joint histograms are remarkably similar when the correlation
uncorrelated, and anticorrelated Vsh and porosity errors.
distance is small but are dramatically different when it is
large. These differences were quantified in the section on
“Petrophysical Cutoffs” to conclude that it is worthwhile to use
EXAMPLE WITH A PETROPHYSICAL CUTOFF the joint histograms. Results derived from the joint histogram
properly reflect the fact that the net-average HCPF is higher
The examples in the previous section did not use a for the lowest N/G values because the highest-quality part of
cutoff; therefore, a N/G distribution was not referenced, the reservoir passes the cutoff condition when much of the
and there was no reason to use conditional distribution in rest does not.
evaluating the summarized properties. The calculations for Figures 18a, 18c, and 18e are the conditional cumulative
the correlated Archie parameters are now repeated with probability distributions for the HCPF evaluated from joint
an additional variable representing the shale volume cutoff distributions for the P10, P50, and P90 N/G, respectively.
(Vsh_c) condition (Table 1). The cutoff condition is assigned Results from treating the N/G and HCPF as statistically-
the same correlation distance as the other variables. Cases independent quantities are shown in Figs. 18b, 18d, and
with correlations between errors for the shale volume (Vsh) 18f. Table 3 lists the P50 value for each distribution in Fig.
and Vsh_c of 0, +1, and -1 are considered. This example is an 18 and the percentage difference between the “joint” and
extension of the comparison in Fig. 7. “independent” cases. The percentage differences increase
The N/G cumulative probabilities in Figs. 16a, 16c, and with the correlation distance and decrease with the N/G
16e are for correlations between errors for Vsh and Vsh_c of 0, value.
48
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
Fig. 16—Cumulative probability for N/G for the indicated error correlations and correlation distances are shown in (a), (c), and (e). The corresponding P10,
P50, and P90 N/G values are plotted as a function of correlation distance in (b), (d), and (f).
49
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
Fig. 17—2D histograms representing joint PDF for net-average HCPF and N/G for correlations distances of 3, 24, and m are shown in (a), (c), and (e). For
comparison, the histograms on the right labeled “indep.” are displayed in (b), (d), and (f). Errors between Vsh and Vsh_c are uncorrelated; so, these graphs
correspond to Fig. 16a.
50
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
Fig. 18—Cumulative probability distributions for net average HCPF × N/G given the N/G-value indicated on each graph. The errors between
Vsh and Vsh_c are uncorrelated. Results in (a), (c), and (e) were evaluated correctly using a joint distribution. The results in (b), (d), and (f) were evaluated
assuming the HCPF and N/G are statistically independent quantities.
51
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
Fig. 19—Cumulative probability distributions for HCPF × N/G for uncorrelated errors between for Vsh and Vsh_c corresponding to the N/G in Figs. 16a.
Results in (a), (c), and (e) were evaluated correctly using a joint distribution. The results in (b), (d), and (f) were evaluated assuming the HCPF and N/G
are statistically independent quantities.
52
Table 3—Comparison of P50 HCPF × N/G as a Function of Correlation Distance for the P10, P50, and P90 N/G.
Results from both joint and independent distributions are shown along with their difference expressed as a percentage of the
‘Independent’ value. This case is for uncorrelated errors between Vsh and Vsh_c.
Consistent with the N/G graphs in Fig. 16, the net-average between variables. In one example, differences of about 6.5%
HCPF distributions for the cases with the negative correlation in the P50 net average hydrocarbon pore fraction (HCPF)
between errors for Vsh and Vsh_c are wider with more variability were observed. In addition to providing an assurance of the
in their P50 values than those shown in Fig. 18 and Table 3. P50 value given the types of errors considered here, the
The opposite is the case for the positive correlation between benefit of accounting for both types of correlation in these
the errors for Vsh and Vsh_c. examples is to obtain more accurate values for the spread of
The results in Fig. 18 and Table 3 are presented to provide the distributions, such as P10 and P90. This spread depended
insight. Results of this type are useful for field development strongly on the spatial correlation, and for large spatial
planning, reservoir modeling, and to generally understand correlations, it also depended substantially on the cross-
how the reservoir quality varies as a function of N/G. For the correlation that was included in the calculations. The effect of
purpose of reserves estimation, distributions for HCPF × N/G this cross-correlation diminished as the correlation distance
are required. There is no need to introduce an equivalent decreased. Use of the default assumptions for evaluating
sample thickness as suggested by others14, but if this is done, a these petrophysical summaries resulted in an underestimate
self-consistent implementation requires the use of the correct of P10 (proved) reserves and an overestimate of P90 (proved
conditional property distributions. Instead, the distributions + probable + possible) reserves in the relatively simple case
for HCPF × N/G are evaluated directly (Fig. 19). The data considered here, a clastic reservoir.
displayed in graphs in Figs. 19 a, 19c, and 19e are based on For the same set of logs and parameters, the effect of
the joint distribution for HCPF and N/G. For comparison, Figs. applying a shale volume cutoff condition was investigated.
19b, 19d, and 19f show equivalent results evaluated on the A net/gross (N/G) ratio was introduced and used to scale
assumption that HCPF and N/G are independent statistical volumes such as porosity, shale volume (Vsh), hydrocarbon
quantities. The differences are substantial, especially under pore function (HCPF), etc. Care was taken to treat the N/G
the default assumptions and for the P10 which is relevant and each associated petrophysical property distribution as
for proven reserves. The P10, 50, and 90 values for the lc = ∞ a pair of jointly-distributed random variables. Accordingly,
case are shown on each graph. This is quantified for the other the N/G was treated as an independent variable and each
correlation distances in Table 4 for the case of uncorrelated property distribution as a conditional variable for a given
errors between for Vsh and Vsh_c. As evident from Fig, 19, these N/G value. For comparative purposes, a set of approximate
differences are larger when the correlation coefficient is results was also evaluated assuming statistically independent
negative and smaller when it is positive. N/G and property distributions. Also, two sets of results were
analyzed. In the first, the petrophysical property distributions
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS were treated as a conditional variable for a given N/G. This is
useful for understanding how the reservoir properties depend
In the examples without a cutoff condition, the median on N/G. In the second set of results with the cutoff condition,
(P50) values for the petrophysical summaries often depended distributions for N/G × HCPF were evaluated directly to
weakly on both spatial correlation and cross-correlations give a more direct indication of their impact on volumetric
53
Table 4—Comparison of P10 (HCPF × N/G), P50 (HCPF × N/G), and P90 (HCPF × N/G) as a Function Of Correlation
Distance.
Results from both joint and independent distributions are shown along with their difference expressed as a percentage of the
‘Independent’ value. This case is for uncorrelated errors between Vsh and Vsh_c.
calculations. NOMENCLATURE
Treating the petrophysical properties as a conditional
distribution for a given N/G caused a nearly 15% underestimate CDF = cumulative distribution function
of the median HCPF for large correlation distances. For the FVF = formation volume factor
P10 N/G, the corresponding underestimate was about 30%. GR = gamma-ray log value
The P50 property values from this approximation agreed with GRsa = gamma-ray log reading in a pure sand formation
the jointly-evaluated results for small correlation distances GRsh = gamma-ray log reading in a pure shale formation
and only slightly underestimated the properties for the P90 GRV = gross rock volume
N/G. For large correlation distances, treating the N/G and HCPF = hydrocarbon pore fraction
property values independently also caused P50 results to be HCIIP = hydrocarbon initially in place
much less sensitive to cross-correlations than they should be. lc = correlation distance
Both methods gave 10 to 30% higher median HCPFs ompared m= Archie cementation exponent
to a case where uncertainty was neglected. n= Archie saturation exponent
Treating the N/G and property values independently lead N/G = net/gross ratio
to larger errors in the petrophysical property distributions PDF = probability density function
because the parts of the reservoir with the most favorable rij(0) = a cross-correlation between variables i and j
properties satisfied the cutoff condition more frequently than R= autocorrelation function
the more marginal parts of the reservoir. This is lost when the Rsh = shale resistivity
N/G and property value are treated independently. This effect Rt = formation resistivity
was the most severe when the correlation distances are large Rw = water resistivity
in the above examples. Sw = water saturation
In the examples shown here, the P10 value (corresponding Vsh = shale volume
to proved reserves) increased when the dependency Vsh_c = shale volume cutoff
between N/G and HC PF was accounted for under the default z1, z2 = two depths across which an autocorrelation applies
assumptions.
2γ = a variogram
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ρb = bulk-density log value
ρf = fluid density
The authors thank Equinor, Shell, and Gatecliff LLC for ρma = matrix density
their interest in this work and permitting its publication. σ= standard-deviation of a statistical distribution
They are also grateful to Dr. Emma Stone for reviewing and ϕe = effective porosity
commenting on the paper, particularly with respect to its ϕt = total porosity
statistical content.
54
REFERENCES ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Aldred, R., 2018, Monte Carlo Processing of Petrophysical S. Mark Haugland is a petrophysicist with Gatecliff, LLC.
Uncertainty, Paper TTT, Transactions, SPWLA 59th Annual His experience includes wellsite and laboratory operations,
Logging Symposium, London, UK, 2–6 June. integrated studies, PP/FG, and sensor physics with recent
Apanasovich, T.A., and Genton, M.G., 2010, Cross-Covariance
contributions in the fields of fiber optics, upscaling, reservoir
Functions for Multivariate Random Fields Based on Latent
Dimensions, Biometrika, 97(1), 15–30. DOI: 10.1093/biomet/ monitoring, real-time cement inspection, and machine
asp078. learning. He joined the industry in 1991. Mark holds a MSc in
Bowers, M.C., and Fitz, D.E., 2000, A Probabilistic Approach to Electrical Engineering from the University of Nebraska and a
Determine Uncertainty in Calculated Water Saturation, Paper MBA from the University of Houston.
QQ, Transactions, SPWLA 41st Annual Logging Symposium,
Dallas, Texas, USA, 4–7 June. Stein Ottar Stalheim is specialist in petrophysics with
Fylling, A., 2002, Quantification of Petrophysical Uncertainty and Its Equinor, Norway. Stein Ottar joined Equinor (former Statoil)
Effect on In-Place Volume Estimates: Numerous Challenges and in 1993. His main interest is electromagnetic physics,
Some Solutions, Paper SPE-77637, presented at the SPE Annual
multivariate analysis and scientific computing. The main role
Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA,
29 September–2 October. DOI: 10.2118/77637-MS.
to Stein Ottar in Equinor is related to geoelectrical modeling,
Gringarten, E., and Deutsch, C. V., 2001, Teacher’s Aide Variogram dynamic petrophysics and well integrity. Stein Ottar received
Interpretation and Modeling, Mathematical Geology, 33(4), his MSc and PhD degree in physics from the University in
507–534. DOI: 10.1023/A:1011093014. Bergen.
Higham, N.J., 1990, Analysis of the Cholesky Decomposition of a
Semi-Definite Matrix, University of Manchester, Manchester Willem Epping leads the development and deployment
Institute for Mathematical Sciences School of Mathematics, of Petrophysical IT applications in Shell, based in Amsterdam.
MIMS EPrint: 2008.56, http://eprints.ma.man.ac.uk/1193/1/ He is an expert in petrophysics focusing on digitalization
covered/MIMS_ep2008_56.pdf. ISSN: 179-9097. Accessed June and crossdiscipline integration of workflows. His 30+ years
24, 2019.
career spans field development planning, subsurface
Jazwinski, A.H., 1970, Stochastic Processes and Filtering Theory,
Academic Press. OCLC 878850844. Reprinted in 2007, Dover characterization, operations, R&D, skill-pool management,
Publications. ISBN: 978-0486462745. HSSE, and talent development. He lived in England, USA, and
Liu, P.L., and Kiureghian, 1986, Multivariate distribution models with India. Willem received MSc and PhD degrees in Physics and
prescribed marginal and covariances, Probabilistic Engineering Mathematics, specializing on sensory information processing
Mechanics, 1(2), 105. in the brain, from the University of Nijmegen.
Ravalec, M.L., Noetinger, B., and Hu, L.Y., 2000, The FFT Moving
Average (FFT-MA) Generator: An Efficient Numerical
Method for Generating and Conditioning Gaussian
Simulations, Mathematical Geology, 32(6), 710–723. DOI:
10.1023/A:1007542406.
Stalheim, S.O., 2016, On Error Calculation and Use of First-Order
Error Propagation as Integral Part of Petrophysical Calculation,
Petrophysics, 57(5), 465–478.
Tang, X-S., Li, D-Q., Zhou, C-B., and Phoon, K-K., 2015, Copula-Based
Approaches for Evaluating Slope Reliability Under Incomplete
Probability Information, Structural Safety, 52, Part A, 90–99.
DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2014.09.007.
Theys, P., 1999, Log Data Acquisition and Quality Control, 2nd
Edition, Editions Technip. IDBN: 2-7108-0748-3.
Verga, F., Viberti, D., and Gonfalini, M., 2002, Uncertainty Evaluation
in Well Logging: Analytical or Numerical Approach?, Paper C,
Transactions, SPWLA 43rd Annual Logging Symposium, Oiso,
Japan, 2–5 June.
Vorechovsky, M., 2008, Simulation of Simply Cross Correlated
Random Fields by Series Expansion Methods, Structural Safety,
30(4), 337–363. DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2007.05.002.
55
Rt-SIG: Publication of Technical Documents on Deep Azimuthal Resistivity LWD
Services
During the biannual Resistivity Special Interest Group (Rt- • Completed an existing LWD resistivity-tool survey (by
SIG) meeting held at Southwestern Energy in May 2016, three November 2016) compiled by John Zhou (Maxwell
speakers, Michael Rabinovich (BP), Jean-Michel Denichou Dynamics).
(Schlumberger), and Gavin Lindsay (Baker Hughes), together • Completed a survey on several key specification
gave a presentation and organized a panel discussion titled parameters of LWD deep-resistivity tools compiled by
“Shall We Cooperate when Introducing New Technologies? Jiefu Chen (University of Houston).
Deep and Extradeep Azimuthal Resistivity Examples.” The • Proposed benchmark models compiled by Hezhu
panel discussion focused on the challenges that operating Yin (ExxonMobil) and Ettore Mirto (Schlumberger).
companies had been facing in using and comparing different These benchmark models and other documents are
logging-while-drilling (LWD) deep resistivity services available available at the SPWLA Rt SIG website.
on the market. The speakers proposed to bring all LWD deep-
resistivity services into conformity with a single standard In April 2018, the workgroup reviewed the progress of
covering aspects, such as parameter definitions, benchmark the past two years and decided to prepare a comprehensive
modeling, and delivery visualizations. Later on, this proposal document to describe each deep-resistivity tool and its
stirred lots of heated discussion in the resistivity community, related service with a consistent outline. As suggested by
which eventually led to an action item to form an industrial Michael Rabinovich (BP) and Hanming Wang (Chevron),
workgroup to discuss the related issues and find potential a detailed outline was provided to the four major service
solutions. companies: Baker Hughes GE, Halliburton, Schlumberger, and
Initiated in June 2016, and facilitated by the SPWLA Rt- Weatherford. The subject of the outline covers all aspects
SIG, the Standardization of LWD Deep Azimuthal Resistivity of deep azimuthal resistivity LWD services, including tool
Services (SDAR) workgroup was formed. It is an industrial physics and configuration, key parameter definitions, major
advisory committee, which is composed of technical experts applications, real-time workflow, predrill studies, post-drill
and representatives from oil companies, oilfield service studies, and references. The detailed outline is listed in
companies, and universities. The sole purpose of the Appendix 1.
SDAR workgroup is to promote deep azimuthal resistivity Representatives from these four service companies,
LWD services within the oil and gas industry and provide Sergey Martakov, Tim Parker, Giorgio Nardi, and Ettore
recommendations on standardization of these services from Mirto, have spent a great deal of time collecting the related
the technical perspective. To make the discussion fair and information and preparing the documents for each tool.
efficient, participation has been limited to one representative Table 1 lists the deep azimuthal resistivity tools included in
per organization. As of today, the participating organizations this effort. Five technical experts from operators, Michael
consist of the following (in alphabetic order): Aramco Services Rabinovich, Teruhiko Hagiwara, Hezhu Yin, Hanming Wang,
Company, Baker Hughes GE, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, and Frank Antonsen, were invited to review all the documents
Equinor, ExxonMobil, Halliburton, Maxwell Dynamics, Q.E.D. and provide feedback to the service companies to ensure
Petrophysics LLC, Schlumberger, Shell, University of Houston, the quality of the documents. Please note that reviewers’
University of Texas – Austin, and Weatherford. comments from Michael Rabinovich, Teruhiko Hagiwara, and
From June 2016 to October 2017, the workgroup had Frank Antonsen are included in Appendixes 2 to 4..
organized eight meetings and progress has been shared
regularly at Rt-SIG biannual meetings. The workgroup Table 1—The Service Companies and the Deep Resistivity Tools
discussed many technical details on the existing deep- Included in This Project
resistivity services, including definitions of key parameters,
benchmark models, forward modeling and inversions,
uncertainties, final deliverables, presentation format, predrill
studies, real-time operation requirements, etc.
Through the discussions, the workgroup understood
that each service company has its own tool design and
interpretation workflow. It is worthwhile to mention that
even some basic terminologies have different definitions and
meanings for different service companies, making it arduous All the documents have been published on the SPWLA Rt SIG
to provide a practical deep-resistivity service standard to the website by June 2019. The workgroup believes that these
industry. By the end of 2017, the workgroup had achieved the documents will certainly provide a good reference to the
following available deep-resistivity LWD services and, thus, help the
industry to understand and promote these services.
56
Services
It is worth noting that, even though all the documents (DoI), Picasso plots with proper explanations on how
are presented together, it is not meant to be a comparison of they are calculated.
the services from these four companies. In fact, as mentioned 6. Real-time data quality check
above, readers should be aware that service companies have 7. Standard customer channels for real-time and
their own unique specification definitions. One should not just memory data
simply compare the values for a given parameter. It is highly 8. Real-time and post-well processing workflows
advisable to always contact service companies for additional (include all available options)
information and explanation. 9. Summaries of all applicable processing/inversion
Readers should be also aware that service companies are algorithms including dataflow and uncertainty
continually improving their technologies and developing new estimation, and selection criteria for individual
tools. They might change their tool design or interpretation processing.
workflow after these documents are published. Clearly, 10. Predrill studies: required input (including essential,
one should always contact service companies for the latest good to have, and optional) and accepted formats,
information. provided outputs, options available, additional
We would like to take this opportunity to thank all the tools for optimizing BHA, examples of predrill
organizations and their representatives mentioned above for results (pre- and post-drill examples are preferably
their support throughout the workgroup activities. Without from the same case studies), etc.
them, the SDAR workgroup could not have been successful! 11. Real-time operation/collaboration with clients—best
Our sincere gratitude goes to Ettore Mirto, Sergey Martakov, practices, online real-time display sharing, etc.
Tim Parker, and Giorgio Nardi for preparing the technical 12. Post-drill studies and integration: required input if
documents. It required a tremendous effort to coordinate any, provided outputs, options available, examples
within their companies, drafting the documents, and getting of post-drill results ((pre- and post-drill examples are
publication approval from upper management and their legal preferably from the same case studies), etc.
departments. Last by not least, we would also like to thank 13. List of appropriate references with tool details,
our reviewers, Michael Rabinovich, Teruhiko Hagiwara, Hezhu processing algorithms and case studies (pre- and
Yin, Hanming Wang, and Frank Antonsen, for the large amount post-drill examples are preferably from the same
of time they spent reviewing the documents and providing case studies).
valuable comments.
Appendix 2: Comments from Michael Rabinovich
Sincerely, This publication of Technical Documentation for Deep and
Hui Xie Ultradeep Directional Resistivity tools by all four major service
SDAR Workgroup Coordinator companies represents a significant milestone in the activity
Senior Modeling and Simulation Engineer of the SPWLA SDAR SIG. Organized more than two years ago,
Schlumberger we, as a group, came a long way from just having unstructured
never-ending technical discussions and disagreeing on almost
Fei Le everything to this stage where we are publishing five very
Former SDAR Workgroup Coordinator useful documents that will hopefully simplify and increase the
Manager EM Product Development use of this very promising technology. This achievement is also
Baker Hughes, GE an example of productive technical collaboration between
service and operating companies and we hope to build on this
Appendix 1 experience.
The following is the complete outline for each deep- Although the group had proposed a standard outline,
resistivity service document. Thanks to Michael Rabinovich all reports are quite different in size, depth of coverage of
for providing the original topics. Hanming Wang, Teruhiko specific topics and sometimes even in terminology. Based
Hagiwara, and Hezhu Yin have also reviewed and contributed on our multiple in-depth discussions with the authors of
to the content. these documents, I would like to share a few comments/
1. Tool main applications observations that may explain some of the differences in
2. Tool physics (optional) these documents and answer some of the potential questions
3. Tool configuration (if any) readers may have while reading these documents:
4. Measurement point and sonde error • There is no doubt that with this technology, different
5. Depth of detection (DoD), depth of investigation service companies are at different stages of its
57
Services
development and commercialization. document follows the guidelines differently. Depth of
• All the service companies want to protect their detection (DoD) appears frequently but is not even defined in
intellectual property and that is one of the reasons one document. The details of processing are not sufficiently
why some of the topics may not be fully disclosed. explained. But overall, I appreciate that all four service
• For this technology there are no industry standards providers have accomplished documenting these technology
for the very important tool characteristics, such guidebooks. I hope these documents will help us to understand
as depth of investigation (DoI), depth of detection the technology better and to use it more effectively.
(DoD), measurement resolution and inversion
uncertainties. As a result, all providers use their Appendix 4: Comments from Frank Antonsen
internal definitions and algorithms to calculate these Here are some comments on the future potential
characteristics. Consequently, it does not make improvement of the service:
any sense to make direct comparisons of these • Quality Control. The ultradeep directional resistivity
values from different vendors. For example, in the inversions have been extremely useful for operators
reports the included DoD Picasso plots or DoD tables around the world, and we are updating our models
are all calculated using different assumptions, based on inversion results. However, so far I have
different numbers of measurements and different not seen any service company provide quantification
thresholds. of transmitter and receiver performance during
• While even the presented DoD values are often too drilling. If the transmitter and/or one or more
optimistic, in my opinion, they are still very useful receivers are changing performance (for instance
to see how a particular tool may perform in different drift) while drilling, this will of course be translated
environments. Obviously, the most accurate DoD into a change in reservoir structure or quality, if it
estimates are coming from predrill studies conducted is not detected, due to change in inversion results. I
by the vendors. hope that we will see an improvement of quality
• Be aware that all vendors have different (and usually control of while-drilling UDAR tools in the future.
more than one) inversion algorithms and the fact The operators are of course paying for a perfect
that they use different presentation formats and tool and our interpretation is based on that. I would
different techniques to show inversion uncertainties like to see efforts to quantify potential effects on
does not help in understanding the technology. inversions from known changes in transmitter
• This technology is still undergoing development. or receiver performance during drilling. This is
New tools with improved hardware and electronics extremely important, but I also recognize that this is
and new inversion algorithms come to market quite sensitive information.
regularly. It means that parts of these documents • Operator Access to Forward Modeling and Inversion
may quickly become outdated. We hope that the Algorithms. The current workflows for using UDAR
developers will be updating these documents in a are suboptimal. They are suboptimal because the
timely manner, however, we recommend users service companies do not capture all relevant
always check with service company domain geologic knowledge from the operators, and the
champions before making any important decisions operators do not always know in detail what the
based on the published documents. service company needs to do the best possible job.
Thus, we have landed on a workflow that works
Appendix 3: Comments from Teruhiko Hagiwara okay, but it results in misinterpretation from time to
These documents should be helpful to understand time because of lack of knowledge either on the
the technology and to use the technology effectively. The operator side and/or service company side. In the
documents are to be organized in the same format, covering future, I think operators will have to step up on the
the same contents. This should make it helpful to study modeling side to provide a set of more realistic
different tools and services side by side. However, be aware geomodel scenarios (not just seismic surfaces and
that some tool specifications, such as depth of detection offset wells) around the well, and potentially do the
(DoD), do not always have the same definitions, and they forward modeling and inversion themselves on
are evaluated differently at different conditions if the same the scenarios to get more familiar with what the
definitions are used. inversion algorithm can and cannot resolve; and from
Although we wanted these documents to be consistent that experience identify geosteering decision points.
with the SDAR guidelines for the format and content, each (My experience, today, is that discussions between
58
Services
an operating company and service company is
spending more than 50% of the time discussing basic
tool functionality and tool responses.) This will
increase the likelihood of doing a better real-time
job and will actually improve discussions with the
service company as well, both before, during,
and after drilling. In addition, the operators need
access to inversion algorithms to potentially reprocess
old data with new inversion algorithms. What I am
describing here will be even more critical going full
3D in the future.
• What Could we Expect With Wired Pipe? This is a
question I often get asked in Equinor. Drilling is
pushing for the use of wired pipe in Equinor, but it
is chasing us as well working with geosteering to
potentially improve the business case for wired pipe.
Do we see an upside for UDAR-technology with
increased use of wired pipe in the future? This
is just an open question from my side, but it could be
an interesting starting point for discussing future
possibilities and improvements in UDAR answer
products.
59
SPWLA Technology Innovations
Quantitative Mud-Gas Extraction and Analysis
Baker Hughes, a GE company, has introduced the TRU-Vision™ advanced quantitative gas extraction and analysis service,
which quantifies over 25 gases, including light hydrocarbons from C1–C8 and key inorganic gasses, for the most accurate reservoir
characterization available at the wellsite.
The TRU-Vision service meets all certifications required to operate in the most stringent regulatory environments. To ensure
proper execution and safety standards, multiple automated and redundant shutoffs are implemented—monitored by certified-
competent and experienced personnel.
The TRU-Vision service leverages an optimized gas chromatography system to deliver quantitative fluid analysis in just 45
seconds—without compromising accuracy, precision, or the number of individual compounds separated in the analysis. This
improved data density ensures faster operational awareness and more granular reservoir insights, such as:
• Natural fracture identification
• Seal/trap capacity
• Maturity, including bio or thermal degradation
• Fluid contacts
• Fluid characterization
• Drillbit metamorphism.
The TRU-Vision service includes a mud heater to maintain constant thermodynamic conditions at surface, so the quantitative
gas readings remain true to actual readings at downhole conditions. Advanced mud-gas analysis is a cost-effective and low-risk
solution to fill formation evaluation gaps from conventional downhole fluid-sampling programs, as well as wireline and LWD
datasets.
Multiple well construction disciplines, including drilling, completions, and reservoir engineering, rely on these continuous
and “early” mud-gas analysis data to update their existing models. This information drives well-construction efficiency, as well as
improved completion, reservoir, and stimulation decisions.
www.bhge.com/upstream/drilling/drilling-services/surface-logging-services
Hydrocarbon saturations and volumetrics derived from TRU-Vision™ compared to standard mud-gas data and the resistivity-based petrophysical
evaluation of the reservoir.
60
CoreVault System—World’s First Rotary Coring Tool That is all About the Fluids
The Halliburton CoreVault® RFP (rocks-fluid-pressure) system is a next-generation reservoir evaluation technology targeting
new exploration, mature, and unconventional fields. It integrates rock coring with fluid sampling and measurement of pressure
and temperature downhole, while preventing fluids from escaping during the acquisition of high-quality, rotary sidewall cores. This
unique solution provides an analysis of the complete reservoir. Operators can obtain and recover reservoir fluids and pressure-
temperature measurements within rock samples to the surface, allowing for the volume measurement of hydrocarbons-in-place
and safer, more reliable production forecasting.
In a recent case study, an operator in an unconventional play wanted an improved understanding of the subsurface reservoir
to characterize thermal maturity near a boundary of its field. Changing source-rock maturity, especially as it relates to pore
pressure, is a strong driver in field planning. Halliburton was selected to analyze the reservoir and provide a better understanding
of the field’s geologic trend, as well as offer timely solutions and recommendations. The CoreVault RFP system, integrated with
additional petrophysical measurements, including the Halliburton Xaminer® MR (XMR™) service, acquired samples swiftly and
economically.
By combining the CoreVault RFP and XMR data results with regional and specific subsurface information, Halliburton was
able to transfer to the client a conclusive analysis of the reservoir characteristics, a better understanding of its economic value,
and the risk associated with its reservoir. Wellsite surface analysis of the CoreVault RFP samples and XMR data revealed very
little pressure, indicating that this asset would be unfavorable for production. The petrophysical analysis and core samples
retrieved by Halliburton provided guidance for informed decision making on the future of this unconventional asset.
For more information and case studies, visit: Halliburton/CoreVault
The industry-first CoreVault® RFP system combines downhole fluid sampling, coring, and pressure-temperature measurements for more-accurate
production forecasting.
61
New LWD Technology Provides Continuous Look-Ahead Capability Through Advanced Formation Boundary Detection
When it comes to the exploration and appraisal of vertical wells, operators have always faced many challenges related to
drilling risks and geological uncertainties. Today, the industry takes a reactive approach to addressing such challenges, including
effective positioning of the casing shoe above a problematic zone or a reservoir, optimizing the coring location, geostopping
before potential high-pressure or depleted zones ahead of the bit and avoiding potential kicks, mud losses or stuck pipe.
With the recent introduction of the IriSphere look-ahead-while-drilling service from Schlumberger, real-time detection of
resistivity features up to tens of meters ahead of the bit enables proactive drilling and geological risk reduction related to the
exploration challenges mentioned above.
The IriSphere service provides formation boundaries and the resistivity profile ahead of the bit continuously while drilling,
based on electromagnetic (EM) deep directional resistivity measurements, to deliver an accurate representation of what is
ahead of the current drilling depth. The service is available from 5.625-in. hole section to 16-in. hole section.
The technology consists of a set of deep directional transmitter subs and multiple receiver subs providing flexible multispacing
and multifrequency 3D measurements in real time. Four basic types of measurements are used, each with a different spatial
sensitivity, to invert for a 1D formation (layer-cake) model. With more than 100 measurements generated in real time, the
automated real-time inversion inverts for the entire volume of investigation defined by the largest transmitter-receiver spacing.
These automated real-time inversions generate high-resolution 1D formation resistivity profiles ahead of the bit, enabling
proactive drilling decisions rather than reacting to measurements at or behind the bit.
Look-ahead sensitivity depends on the transmitter to longest receiver spacing, the conductivity volume and the resistivity
contrast ratio. This can be simulated during the prejob modeling stage to estimate the service capability under the expected
drilling conditions.
For further information, visit https://www.slb.com/irisphere
EM look-ahead main measurement with look-behind, look-around and look-ahead capability. The look-ahead sensitivity is in the lower blue lobe below
the transmitter and bit. Inversions can be run without any assumption on the formation being inverted or with the assumption about a known formation
(formation already crossed and characterized by the tool and LWD resistivity measurements). Image courtesy of Schlumberger.
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SPWLA Young Professionals
Newsletter
Perspectives of Young Professionals on New Trends in O&G Upstream Engineering

and Technology
Yifu Han is a scientific computing engineer at Schlumberger Beijing

Geoscience Center, China. He has focused on the development of novel
JULY 2019 formation testing and deep transient testing techniques, and he also works
with software developers to add new features to Schlumberger formation
testing software InSitu Pro. He obtained a MS from the College of Earth &
2019 Steering Energy, University of Oklahoma. He worked as a graduate research assistant at
Committee University of Texas at Austin, and R&D intern at Saudi Aramco Beijing Research
Center, before joining Schlumberger Beijing Geoscience Center in 2018. He
Editors has coauthored seven peer-reviewed journal publications on data inversion,
Elton Ferreira electromagnetic data interpretation, and multiscale rock physics, and also one
Yifu Han patent application.
Kanay Jerath
Javier Miranda
Abbie Morgan Shiv Prakash Ojha is an Associate Engineer at the Reservoir Studies Division
Mehrnoosh Saneifar of DeGolyer and MacNaughton. His work focusses on production performance
analysis, reservoir simulation, and flow simulation in production networks.
He completed his bachelor’s degree in Petroleum Engineering from Indian
Senior Editor Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India, in 2012.
Siddharth Misra He graduated with a master’s degree in Petroleum Engineering from the
University of Oklahoma in 2017. During his graduate research, he worked on
[email protected] the interpretation of petrophysical measurements using percolation theory for
estimation of relative permeability in shale reservoirs. Additionally, he worked
Shiv Ojha on applications of fast-marching method for pressure transient analysis in
In this edition: naturally fractured heterogeneous reservoirs. His work on these subjects was
published in around 10 journal and conference papers. Prior to this, he worked
Perspectives of Young as a Reservoir Engineer at Cairn India Ltd. In this position, he worked on the improvement and application
Professionals on New of modeling workflows for jet pumps and ESPs for production optimization on onshore fields.
Trends in O&G Upstream
Engineering and Edited by Dr. Sid Misra
Technology
What are some new trends and technologies that you have encountered or you have seen other young
An interview with professionals encountering in the day to day work?
Don Westacott,
Chief Advisor,
Digital transformation is a common goal for both operators and service companies. New trends in
Global Unconventional
automation are vital for the envisioned digital transformation in the O&G industry. Automation will help
Reservoirs for Halliburton
field engineers/operators to remotely and safely complete their jobs on time with high productivity.
Happy Hour Real-time automated interpretation will provide domain champions and clients with fast and accurate
Announcement information about the reservoir and production systems. Automation requires high-quality data acquisition,
fast and reliable data transmission, real-time data interpretation, and robust data quality control, which is
contingent on improvements in both hardware and software components.
The application of data analytics and data-science techniques for automation and for increasing the
efficiency of an O&G professional is an emerging trend in the O&G industry. For example, the work of a
reservoir engineer is dominated by assimilation of data produced from different sources and interpretation
of all available data for arriving at the best estimates of hydrocarbon reserves and and recovery. A
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reservoir engineer should be adept at working with production and reservoir surveillance data along with an integrated analysis
of geophysical, petrophysical and geological inputs for reservoir simulation, and post-processing of simulation results.
Data-driven methods are crucial for precision engineering of the subsurface for improved oil and gas recovery. Data-driven
modeling is now widely used in many areas of the O&G industry, such as preventive maintenance and drilling/production
optimization. Data-driven innovations help the O&G industry to process unstructured data and metadata containing valuable
information, which tends to be ignored when using traditional methods. For example, when drilling a well, machine-learning models
can help to optimize the well plan and operational procedures based on measurements and responses of complex subsurface
processes. Data-driven models can learn from one drilling operation and then provide better predictions and recommendations
when drilling the next well. Another example involves formation testing, wherein machine-learning methods can be applied in
monitoring the fluid-sampling procedure and pretest automation.
Another trend has been the transformation of several desktop-based software tools into cloud-based services. On the cloud,
the software tools are accessed as web-based applications available through any device, such as personal computers, tablets, or
phones. Such web-based applications provide better services because the software offerings can be tuned based on a dynamic
understanding of the user interactions with the software modules and quick assessment of user experience. A new breed of
professionals at the intersection of scientific computing, software development, and data security is needed to ensure a robust
performance of cloud-based services because many users from various geographic locations simultaneously run these cloud-
based resources on huge proprietary datasets on various device configurations. O&G software development teams have also
started emphasizing UX (user experience) because the users are now exposed to various seamless UX designs in their personal
lives.
Why are the new technologies and techniques better than the old ones? Where do you see the field evolving?
Application of data-analysis techniques leads to significant increase in the efficiency of an O&G professional. Efficient data
management leads to a reduction in downtime associated with each data-retrieval operation. An automated workflow also
assists in eliminating manual errors and human bias. The greatest advantage is evident when these data-analysis/management
techniques are applied on huge datasets consisting of thousands of wells or on high-resolution measurements acquired at a
high sampling rate from multiple sensors. These techniques allow a single engineer to review and analyze variety of data from
thousands of different sources. A data-driven fast-paced analysis increases the efficiency of each and every task performed by the
O&G professional.
For a long time, the innovation in O&G industry was driven by hardware, and software just followed the hardware. For example,
when a new O&G tool/equipment was being developed by the physics and engineering teams, the role of software development
team and data consulting teams was to develop software/techniques that support the implementation and interpretation of the
hardware being designed. But the digital transformation needs the software development and data consulting teams to play a
more important role in leading the innovations in tool development.
What needs to be done to master these new technologies and techniques?
For an individual O&G professional, expertise in data-analysis and cloud-based services/computing is an essential item in the
toolkit to solve engineering, commercial, and operational tasks. If you look at recent O&G technical job postings, there has been
an emphasis on required skills in programming, data management, and data analytics, which is an indication of changes to come
in the future. Continuous self-motivated training is mandatory to master these new technologies. Basic programming skills or
familiarity with a commercial machine-learning toolbox is necessary for professionals wanting to apply these techniques. There
are many easily accessible online resources (almost free of cost) to learn about these new trends and to learn how to implement
them in daily tasks.
How is the O&G community helping or adopting these new trends? What are some challenges and limitations of these new
technology techniques?
The petroleum engineering community has been quick to respond to advent of data analytics and cloud services. Data
scientists/analysts have been incorporated into multidisciplinary teams and are now key drivers for successful implementations
of data-analysis workflows. Data analytics/science has now become a key area of research in the upstream O&G domain. This
is evident from the large number of publications in this area and also the attention given to these topics in conferences and
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symposiums. Also, several companies have brought their historical data from fields into the public domain, so that new innovations
and improvements in the engineering/characterization can be accomplished through the publicly available data. The O&G
community is adopting many technologies in automation process to reduce human intervention for safety and financial gains.
Data size in the O&G industry is much smaller than data size in internet or purely digital companies, such as Amazon,
Netflix and Facebook. Consequently, machine-learning techniques combined with physical models do a better job in many O&G
scenarios, as compared to pure machine-learning models or pure physical models. Data accessibility or availability is one of the
biggest challenges in machine-learning applications for the O&G industry. The data security is also a big concern for the web-
applications deployed on the Cloud. It is important to temper our expectations regarding the outcome of these new trends. Even
the most advanced data-analysis methods are not likely to yield meaningful results if the measured data are inaccurate. Prudent
engineering judgment will be required to discard spurious data and unreliable data-driven models. Additionally, there have been
concerns about the repeatability of these methods when applied to different fields/assets. Quality and characteristics of the data
is an important factor for the success of any technique in data sciences. Applications of the best techniques to variety of datasets
over time will help in selection of optimum workflows for future analyses and robust implementations.
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An interview with Don Westacott, Chief Advisor, Global Unconventional Reservoirs for Halliburton
Don Westacott is the Chief Advisor, Global Unconventional Reservoirs for Halliburton. Don has
pursued a lifelong interest in science and engineering beginning as a youth in western Canada. Don
continued this interest and graduated from the University of Alberta, receiving a Bachelor Science
in Electrical Engineering. During the last 40 years, he has worked in the E&P industry in Canada, the
United States, Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. Don’s unconventional reservoir analysis
work began in the early 1980s when he worked for Canadian Hunter Exploration. Don worked for the
legendary oil and gas finder John Allen Masters and, with his mentoring, developed the fundamental
skills of oil and gas exploration that he would apply through his continued career. Don developed
reservoir characterization expertise while working for Apache Corporation, Carigali-Hess Malaysia,
ResTech Houston, and Newfield Exploration. His technical area of interest led to publications of
Don Westacott nuclear magnetic resonance applied to reservoir characterization. Don Westacott strongly considers
training and technology transfer as an important part of his role within the E&P industry. Recently,
Don accepted a role as guest lecturer at the Colorado School of Mines providing instruction to a new generation of petroleum
engineering students. Don was honored this year to be the Distinguished Speaker at the Harvard University Energy Panel Arab
Conference. Don and his wife Marilyn enjoy the success of their sons Matthew and Andrew.
How did you start your career in Petrophysics and Formation Evaluation?
As often the case, our professional careers are composed both of careful planning and the occurrence of random chance.
Upon graduation from the University of Alberta my goal was to enter a career in the emerging satellite communications
industry. I recognized a company logo at an on-campus career fair, conducted an interview and was essentially hired on the spot.
Surprisingly, I was actually hired as wireline field engineer in the company’s oilfield service division. After more than 40 years in
the E&P industry I have no regrets, study of the subsurface, geology, reservoir engineering, petrophysics has been and continues
to be both challenging and rewarding. I have discovered that looking downward into the earth is as fascinating as thinking 40
years ago of looking up into space.
What do you consider as important achievements/accomplishments in your career? How did you go about achieving those
achievements/accomplishments? What were the challenges/sacrifices on the way to those achievements/accomplishments?
If I may, I would prefer to answer your question not with my achievements/accomplishments but rather and more importantly
what I have learned. I have learned that our industry plays an important role. We are all in the energy business that powers
the economic prosperity of the companies we work for and the nations we serve. We provide and generate the energy that
lifts people and nations to growth. This is important and serious work that binds our industry together to form a common
objective. I have learned we all share a common goal of producing energy safely, producing energy reliability and producing
energy economically.
Please share with us any interesting challenges you have faced in your career or technical projects.
Challenges and opportunities are ubiquitous within the E&P industry. The challenge most often presented is to adapt to the
constantly changing and increased rate of change of our industry.
How do you convey the importance of petrophysics/formation evaluation to your colleagues from other disciplines? Please
share with us an interesting case or application of petrophysics/formation evaluation
Formation evaluation maybe considered to answer a single important question “So What?” Often, we be become focused
on the technology, algorithms, and the science of the measurements; all of which are important. However, I would suggest it is
important to pause during our work and consider the economic and strategic value of the technical services we are providing.
The value of our work may be discovered asking ourselves and presenting/demonstrating to our colleagues how our technical
results positively impact the economic outcomes and risk management process within our industry.
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How do you motivate people to be interested in petrophysics and in the oil industry in general?
This is an important question and let me answer this is a slightly different format. Motivation is a product of the environment
that an individual is exposed to. Motivation, like courage and leadership, comes from within an individual. These are difficult
attributes to teach, I believe one simply has them or not. The role of people and organizations is to develop a framework and
environment so that these skills may be fully developed and expressed. Organizations like the SPWLA provide valuable and
recognized support to encourage young professionals to undertake a rewarding career in petrophysics. Our combined goal is to
present a factual and opportunity-based career path for individuals interested in pursuing a career in petrophysics
Which petrophysical or formation evaluation concepts/workflows/methods do you find most useful and impactful for
upstream O&G projects?
I like to break down formation evaluation workflows into a seven-step method:

1. Balance the need to obtain more, better or new information, and know when to stop; do not overanalyze.
2. Seek information from different sources and perspectives through multiple collection methods.
3. Recognize trends or associations of data and acts on them.
4. Relate information from different sources to draw logical conclusions.
5. Identify possible cause-and-effect information.
6. Use judgment and common sense in getting down to the root cause.
7. Review information / data to stay informed of new developments and strategies.
What are the most significant changes you think the industry or your area of work has had since you started?
The changes within the E&P industry have been profound and mirror changes within our society. Technology advancement,
principally due to the computer revolution and access to information principally associated with the world wide web/internet,
has changed the landscape of or business.
Share with us few emerging petrophysical or formation evaluation concepts/workflow/methods that will benefit the upstream
O&G projects?
I had the great privilege to work early in my career with a great scientist and mentor at Canadian Hunter Exploration. In
youth, we sometimes consider we now everything, with age we realize we really know very little. In these past Dr. Richard
Wyman often reminded me “to keep an open mind to new ideas,” advice that I have honored throughout my career. I would like
to share the following workflows to serve as a framework for formation evaluation.
• Gather information from a wide variety of sources when making important decisions. Thoroughly examine, weigh and
use all relevant information.
• Double check data and assumptions related to important decisions.
• Talk with others in the organization to find out how they approached difficult data analysis projects.
• Be open to changing your decision if new information becomes available or if the situation changes.
• Analyze problems and opportunities from a broad organizational perspective rather than focusing solely on your area of
responsibility or expertise.
How do you compare working for an operator and a service company? Would you point out the primary challenges on each
side?
My answer, although it may be surprising to some, is that there is little difference working for an operator or a service
company. Our work, and how we conduct it, is largely the responsibility of a single individual, Ourselves.
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What was the project you worked on as an operator that you enjoyed the most? Why?
A project called Lochend. Thirty-five years ago at Canadian Hunter I presented a bold exploration play in the Devonian
formation. As occurs with youth, I knew the play was a sure thing and would be an unquestionable success. The result, we drilled
a dry hole. The legendary John Allen Masters, the founder of our company came to my office, closed the door and spoke these
words. “Don, you have learned a valuable lesson, in this business you can’t be right all the time.” John was my mentor, a leader,
a great explorationist and inspiration to all that knew and worked with him. The project was a failure and it was my greatest
personal success.
What was the project you worked on in a service company that you enjoyed the most? Why?
Recent events seem easier to recall than past victories. On December 25, 2018, standing on a wellsite in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska
with a -50°F wind-chill factor brought a sense of accomplishment to me. Our team had just recovered the world’s first fully
preserved methane-gas-hydrate rotary pressure cores. This was a project I described as a “moon shot”, never been done before
and could not be fully simulated before the actual work was conducted. It all worked and was a memorable accomplishment in
my career.
Would you please share with us how you came up with the pressurized core idea? And, how it evolved from the idea to the
tool you have today?
Standing on the rig floor, I watched as we transferred the Eagle Ford core from our first discovery well. I observed gas
bubbling from the conventional-core barrel and was overjoyed. Fifteen seconds later I was depressed, upset and even a bit
angry. We were losing to the still night air of South Texas the very hydrocarbons that I was seeking to measure and quantify. On
that rig floor that night, I vowed to change the status quo of formation evaluation, of coring services, I wanted to do something
better.
In your view, what are the main challenges we are facing in the low-porosity/permeability (unconventional) projects?
I would suggest one major challenge is establishing what fluids are held within the rocks and what fluid will come out. Our
industry is “all about the fluids”, the hydrocarbons that represent the energy we produce and the value that we provide.
How many countries have you visited during your career and the one (outside North America) you liked the most?
I have stopped counting countries I have visited after the number exceeded my age. I think every country; every culture has
something to offer. Travel offers insight and understanding of other nations and other people. Travel offers a perspective to what
we enjoy in this nation but may not think about it routinely.
What would be your advice for early/midcareer petrophysicist?
Personal enjoyment, career development and value added to your employer is rooted within a continuous knowledge
development procedure. Simply never stop learning new skills, expanding your knowledge base. Communications is most
important skill and continue to practice the speaking and listening fundamentals.
What advice do you have for those affected by the downturn, especially for those just starting in the business?
The E&P industry is cyclic, this will not change. It is important to take control of your career, decide what you are going to do
and then act. Like the famous country and western song, our industry is always a “gamble”; the words to the song may provide
a form of guidance.
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Wellsite photo on noon Christmas Day, 2018, Prudhoe Bay.
When drilling some exploration wells some 20 years ago in Western Desert, operating within the historic EL Alamein battlefield, this somewhat motley
crew was assigned to clear unexploded ordinance left over from WWII. To be clear, I am standing third from the left with the somewhat improved footwear.
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SPWLA Networking Happy Hour in May 2019
SPWLA members in the great Houston Metro area recently gathered at a known café to network in a relaxed atmosphere with
great drinks and food. SPWLA members from all background and experience had the opportunity to interact each other with
few SPWLA present and past officers joining them, including 2019–2020 SPWLA President, Dr. Jesus Salazar. As Fields’ old quote
says, “Why limit happy to an hour?” And that is literally what these folks did during this enjoyable event. Attendees had the
opportunity to network, meet new colleagues, reconnect with known members and talk about the upcoming annual symposium
in The Woodlands in June 2019. Several students from the SPWLA University of Houston Student chapter and two professors
also joined us.
This social event was held in a popular place in Houston, Texas, with a location convenient to most people living in the area.
These social events are rotated between different locations across H-Town so feel free to send us your recommendations if you
are interested in joining us in a place near you where several members can attend as well.
SPWLA members and petrophysics enthusiasts gathered during May to Not even the rain later that night could stop these SPWLA members
share a good time during the most recent networking event at a known and petrophysics enthusiasts from having a great time during the most
cafe, May 2019. recent SPWLA’s Happy Hour, May 2019.
Canyon Creek Cafe’s patio was the perfect spot to enjoy most recent Some of the attendees from industry and academia (University of
SPWLA’s Happy Hour, May 2019. Houston) at the most recent SPWLA’s Happy Hour at Houston’s Canyon
Creek Cafe, May 2019
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SPWLA Networking Happy Hour in May 2019
SPWLA professional and student members having a great time in a Jesus Salazar (right), 2019–2020 SPWLA President sharing his ideas for
known cafe in the great Houston area. the society and receiving feedback from members.
Don’t Miss Our Next Event!

Join us for our next event to kick off the 2019–2020 season. Our third 2019 SPWLA Networking Happy Hour will be held at
Cedar Creek Café on August 22, 5:00–8:00 pm in a location accessible for anyone in the greater Houston area. The entire
SPWLA community is invited, no need to RSVP, come at your own leisure, no payment required. Come and mingle with fellow
petrophysics enthusiasts. Recent events have been well attended by geoscientists, engineers and managers!
Everybody is welcome!
When: 5–8 pm, Thursday August 22, 2019
Where: Cedar Creek Café Bar and Grill, 1034 W 20th St, Houston, Texas, 77008
Join us for our first SPWLA-YP Happy Hour!
All SPWLA members and anyone interested in Petrophysics are welcomed to this
informal event.
When: 6-9 PM Thursday June 2nd, 2016
Where: Canyon Creek Bar & Grill, 6603 Westcott St, Houston, TX 77007
Contact us: [email protected] No need to RSVP, no charge, come at leisure.
Don’t miss this great opportunity to meet the SPWLA-YP and SPWLA board members
We encourage you to contact us with any suggestions for improvingand network with fellow petrophysics enthusiasts.
our group and/or if interested in participating in our activities.
Send us your articles, stories, fun moments, photos,

etc. to be published in The Bridge.
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SPWLA 2019 Membership Benefits Survey Results
Background
This membership survey was suggested by former VP Publications, Carlos Torres-Verdín, and
approved by the SPWLA Board with the intention of quantifying the relative value of SPWLA Publications,
specifically Petrophysics and SPWLA Today, as part of the benefits of SPWLA membership.
Rationale
From 2017 to 2018 we greatly increased the number of papers and tutorials published in Petrophysics.
Additionally, we introduced the SPWLA Today newsletter with the objective of capturing all nonpeer-
reviewed material previously published in Petrophysics into a single informal publication. The motivation
behind starting SPWLA Today as a new and separate publication was to capture the multiple topical,
Tom Neville historical, geographical, educational, mentoring, and humanitarian functions of SPWLA with a flexible
SPWLA VP Publications, publication format subject to change and adjustment over time. Even though Petrophysics is already a
2019-2020
well-established flagship technical publication, and SPWLA Today is still a publication with both format
and content in continuing evolution, the former VP Publications thought that it would be useful to
quantify whether SPWLA members were satisfied with both publications. We needed an objective way
to assess whether the increase in publication expenses incurred by a greatly expanded Petrophysics
journal and a fledging SPWLA Today newsletter was correlated with increased satisfaction by SPWLA
members.
Method
The survey was designed to deliver a quantitative indication of the relative value and importance
given to SPWLA publications as part of the benefits of SPWLA membership. Because of the various other
benefits stemming from SPWLA membership, rather than obtaining an absolute result it was decided
to compare the value of publications against (1) the Annual SPWLA Symposium, (2) Technical Webinars,
Carlos Torres-Verdin
SPWLA VP Publications, (3) Talks by Distinguished Technical Speakers, (4) SPWLA-organized Technical Workshops, (5) SPWLA-
2018–2019 organized Training Courses, (6) Regional Chapter meetings and workshops, (7) Special Interest Groups
(SIGs) meetings and events, and (8) Access to SPWLA-based web resources. Accordingly, the survey
consisted of eight questions (for each one of the above-cited items) requesting a satisfaction rating from 1 to 5, with 5 indicating
the highest satisfaction and 1 the lowest. The survey was administered electronically only through email notification to all
current SPWLA members.
Results
Only 377 responses were received out of a total of 2,140 registered and voting SPWLA members. This number represents
approximately one half of SPWLA members who cast a vote during the most recent Board elections, whereby the corresponding
results serve only as a crude approximation of the pursued objective.
Results indicate that SPWLA members are very appreciative of Petrophysics as a membership deliverable. Overall,
Petrophysics received the most appreciative votes among the 10 items considered in the survey. On the other hand, SPWLA
Today appears to have similar membership appreciation value compared to most items other than Petrophysics, the SPWLA
Annual Symposium, and access to SPWLA web-based resources. The fact that SPWLA Today does not yet stand out as clearly as
Petrophysics as an important membership benefit is probably an indication of its fledging and still-changing format. However, it is
also clear that SPWLA members do not think of SPWLA Today as invaluable or negligible as part of their SPWLA benefits. During
the recent SPWLA Annual Symposium (June 2019) we received consistently very positive verbal feedback about SPWLA Today,
especially among young members. We sense that the survey results indicate that there is no reason to abandon SPWLA Today
as a membership benefit but they do indicate that we should strive for more organized and established content and format. We
are surely taking heed of this in future endeavors.
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Question 1: Assign from 1 to 5 your personal relative value to the following SPWLA membership deliverables
(5 is for highest satisfaction and 1 for lowest)
Answered: 377 Skipped: 1
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Question 2: On a scale from 1 to 5, indicate your current satisfaction and value as SPWLA membership deliverable
with 5 being highest and 1 being lowest.
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Question 3: On a scale from 1 to 5, indicate your current satisfaction and value as SPWLA membership deliverable
with 5 being highest and 1 being lowest.
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Chapter and SIG News
ACOUSTICS SIG 2019 Committee Members
President Adrian Manescu
Recent Events Vice President/ Assistant Treasurer/ Newsletter Coordinator
15 June 2019 – The Acoustics SIG conducted a one-day Wesley Emery
workshop entitled “Practical Applications of Acoustics,” Company Secretary Callum Rideout
in conjunction with the 2019 Annual Conference. This Treasurer Matthew Shaw
well-attended course was taught by SIG members from Website Coordinator/ Data Standards Focal Point
operators (Shell, Chevron) and service companies Martin Storey
(Schlumberger, Haliburton, Lloyds Register) and was Secretary/ Inter-Society Liaison/ Social Coordinator/ Special
attended by SPWLA members from a wide variety of Events and Awards Leanne Brennan
backgrounds. Topics covered included the application Monthly Meeting Coordinator Meretta Qleibo
of borehole acoustics measurements to petrophysics, Membership Coordinator Siobhan Lemmey
geomechanics and geophysics along with completions New Technology Forum Coordinator Ben Van Deijl
optimization and imaging. In line with the SIG’s recent New Technology Forum Coordinator AbdelRahman
expansion to include casedhole acoustics, a session on Elkhateeb
cement evaluation and noise-detection methods was also Education Group Leader Matthew Josh
included. Audio Visual Coordinator Nigel Deeks
Sponsorship Coordinator/ Education Group Leader
Peter Havord
Sponsorship Coordinator Andrea Paxton
Audio Visual Coordinator Yang Xingwang
Victoria Representative Matthew Durrant
NSW Representative Harris Khan
Recent Events
14 May 2019 – The monthly technical meeting was conducted
by Wayne Pennington (Dean and Professor Emeritus at
Michigan Technological University) who spoke on “Our
Evolving View of Time-Lapse Seismic Monitoring: 20 years
of the same old Teal South Data.” Wayne’s talk was well
received with a great deal of discussion and sharing of
ideas.
Acoustic SIG June 2019 Workshop. Philip Tracadas (Halliburton) delivering
a talk on casedhole cement evaluation.
AUSTRALIA CHAPTER
(Formation Evaluation Society of Australia, FESAus)
General News
FESAus, the Australian chapter of SPWLA combines
the formation evaluation societies from around Australia
predominantly FESQ. Technical meetings are held in Perth
on the second Tuesday of each month, with webcasts of
the presentations available soon after for members from
other states to view. Please visit www.fesaus.org for meeting
information.
FESAus May 2019 meeting. Wayne Pennington (Dean and Professor

Emeritus at Michigan Technological University) (left) receiving speaker’s
gift from FESAus President Adrian Manescu (right).
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11 June 2019 – The monthly technical meeting was conducted 2019 Chapter Committee Members:
by Matthew Rigden, (Well Placement Engineer, President Andrew Cox
Schlumberger) speaking on “Well Placement: Looking Technical Coordinator Numan Phettongkam
Ahead, The Future is Now.” Matthew’s talk was well Treasurer Sirinya Maykho
received with a great deal of discussion and sharing of Web Coordinator Alex Beviss
ideas. Secretary Ronald Ford
Sponsorship Ryan Lafferty
Student Liaison Kruawun Jankaew
Member at Large Greg Heath
Recent Events
30 May 2019 – Student Day. We had two excellent presentations
by students from the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in
Bangkok. The first was presented by Ms.Swanya Singim on
“Construction and Application of Rock Physics Template
for Characterization of Fractured Igneous Reservoirs
in the Wichian Buri Basin, Thailand” and the second
presentation was by Phatcharin Somkham on “Integrated
Digital Thin Section and Multi-Mineral Model Analyses to
Identify Rock Types of Fractured Igneous Rock Reservoirs
in Phetchabun Basin.”
27 June 2019 – Andrew Cox presented “Using Quantified
‘Model Based’ Petrophysical Uncertainty to Aid in Conflict
FESAus June 2019 meeting. Matthew Rigden (left) (Schlumberger)
Resolution.” The talk was a case study highlighting the
receiving the speaker’s gift from FESAus President Adrian Manescu. importance of identifying and quantifying uncertainties
in petrophysical interpetations.
Upcoming Events
09 July 2019 – Jennifer Market (MPC Kinetic) – Mining
13 August 2019 – Jone Slade (Woodside) – HPHT Logging
27 August – Steve Adams, Colin McPhee – TBA
06 September – New Technology Forum– Software
08 October – Vanessa Lim (Woodside) – TBA
12 November – Master Class – TBA
10 December – End of Year Xmas Luncheon, Jo Nova – Climate
Change Talk
BANGKOK CHAPTER
General News:
The Bangkok Chapter of SPWLA holds Technical Meetings
in Bangkok on the last Thursday of each month. Meetings are
fully sponsored for SPWLA Members. There is no charge for Bangkok Chapter May 2019. Student Presenters Phatcharin Somkham
nonmembers with email registration prior to the meeting. (left) and Swanya Singim (center) receive plaques for their presentations
Students are always free of charge. Please visit https://www. from Chapter President Andrew Cox.
spwla.org/SPWLA/Chapters_SIGs/Chapters/Asia/Bangkok/
Bangkok.aspx for meeting information. Email: bangkok.
[email protected] <[email protected]>
77
Bangkok Chapter May 2019. Students from Asian Institute of Technology with SPWLA Bangkok Chapter Committee and members.
BOSTON CHAPTER Recent Events

26 March 2019 – We held the first meeting of the year:
General News ZhanGuo Shi (Principal Petrophysicist and Wireline
SPWLA general and Boston-affiliate members are invited Domain Champion, Schlumberger) talked about
to browse our chapter website http://boston.spwla.org for “Minimizing Uncertainties by the Integrated Formation
up-to-date information of our mission and events, including Evaluation.” ZhanGuo Shi, who is based in Houston, spoke
event information and registration. to a full room. The excellent talk was followed by a happy
Several Boston Chapter members presented at the recent hour with the group.
60th SPWLA Annual Symposium, in The Woodlands, Texas. The
Chapter looks forward to welcoming 2019–2020 Distinguished
Speakers to Boston soon.
Recent Events
19 April 2019 – the Chapter hosted Robert Kleinberg (Senior
Fellow, Boston University Institute for Sustainable Energy
and Senior Research Scholar, Columbia University Center
on Global Energy Policy) for a jointly hosted event with
SPE. He presented a lecture titled “Business Cycles and
Innovation Cycles in the U.S. Upstream Oil & Gas Industry.”
The talk was highly informative and well attended.
BRAZIL CHAPTER
General News
Our monthly meeting are held every third Tuesday of the
month, at 4 pm in Rio de Janeiro downtown. Anyone wishing
to participate or receive information about the chapter can Brazil Chapter March 2019 meeting. (left) ZhanGuo Shi (Schlumberger)
and (right) Lenita Fioriti (Petrobras).
contact our secretary, Andre Bertolini ([email protected]).
We also post chapter updates at our Facebook page (fb.me/
SPWLABrazil) and our LinkedIn page – check us out!
78
ECC-SPWLA CHAPTER
April 2019 – Jonatas Castor Einsiedler (Petrobras) delivered a
great talk on the importance of quality control in NMR log
April 15 to 18 2019 – The 5th National College Student Well-
interpretation.
Logging Skills Competition was hosted by ECC-SPWLA
eastern branch and China Petroleum Society at the
China University of Petroleum (East China). The National
College Student Well-Logging Skills Competition is jointly
organized by ECC-SPWLA and China Petroleum Society
and has been held annually since 2015 with the theme of
promoting learning and teaching with the competition, so
as to improve the organic combination of teaching well-
logging basic theories and skills in universities and field
operational needs.
The organizing committee invited 11 senior experts from

China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Sinopec,
and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC)
as referees, of which Dawei Lu, the former director
of the Petroleum Well Logging Commission, served
as the head referee. The examination questions were
Brazil Chapter April 2019 meeting. Jonatas Castor Einsiedler (Petrobras) set by the Petroleum Well Logging Commission. Ciflog
giving his presentation. 2.1 (CNPC Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration
and Development) and Lead 3.5 (CNPC Logging) were
designated as the competition well-logging software.
21 May 2019 – Neyma Kurtz Azambuja (Petrobras) gave a
In addition, Suzhou Niumag (Analytical Instrument
presentation on the interpretation of formation tests
Corporation) provided related technical support. SPWLA
in Pre-Salt wells and showed how a multidisciplinary
President Zhipeng Liu expressed congratulations on the
approach can help adjust test results.
competition and offered some valuable suggestions.
Following the preliminary selection, 36 teams, four

members of each team, were chosen out of 17
universities, including China University of Petroleum
(East China), China University of Petroleum (Beijing),
Jilin University, Tongji University, Yangtze University,
Southwest Petroleum University, Northeast Petroleum
University, China University of Geosciences (Beijing),
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Chang’an
university, East China University of Technology, Xi’an
Shiyou University, Northwest University, Chengdu
University of Technology, Xi’an University of Science and
Technology, China University of Petroleum Shengli College,
and Chongqing University of Science and Technology. The
participating teams are divided into undergraduate and
graduate groups, in particular, the graduate team from
Tongji University consists of three foreign students and
Brazil Chapter May 2019 meeting. Lenita Fioriti (Petrobras) (left) and one Chinese student.
speaker Neyma Kurtz Azambuja (Petrobras) (right).
The final comprised four parts: field log-data processing,
a theoretical examination, knowledge answering, and
presentation. Participants were asked to complete the
field-data processing within nine hours, which involved
79
data processing, log interpretation, and exporting the and graduate groups, and the other 16 teams gained first
results to investigate student’s ability to process different and second prizes, respectively. At the same time, the
types of logging data and the comprehensive interpretation Committee also ranked the best theory awards, the best
and evaluation. The theoretical examination is designed answering awards, the best defense awards, and so on.
to test the students’ basic knowledge. The knowledge
answering session includes well logging, drilling, mud During the competition, the forum on well-logging
logging, oil testing, and wellsite operation. The last part is discipline and professional construction was held.
the presentation with a focus on the ability to understand Teachers and field experts conducted extensive
data processing and analyze problems. discussions and communication on well-logging graduate
students training, training of a student’s practical ability,
After three-days of fierce competition, the teams from well-logging discipline development, development
China University of Petroleum (East China), China environments for young teachers, the cooperation and
University of Petroleum, Jilin University, and Chang’an exchanges between universities, and so on, and reached
University won the special prize for the undergraduate many important consensuses.
ECC Chapter April 2019. National College Student Well-Logging Skills Competition group photo.
ECC Chapter April 2019. National College Student Well-Logging Skills Competition group photo.
80
ECC Chapter April 2019. National College Student Well-Logging Skills Competition knowledge testing.
ECC Chapter April 2019. National College Student Well-Logging Skills Competition closing ceremony.
Upcoming Events FRANCE CHAPTER

24 to 27 September 2019 – The 11st UPC International (Société pour l’Avancement de l’Interprétation des
Symposium on New Well Logging Techniques: Petrophysics Diagraphies, SAID)
and Logging Big Data
81
Recent Events Unconventional Play Evaluation

17 April 2019 – Alberto Ortiz (YPF Argentina), SPWLA Martin Neumaier (Consultant) – “The Battle of Scales—
regional distinguished speaker, gave a presentation Can we Predict Shale Gas Saturation Logs Based on
at the Schlumberger office (Auditorium Le Palatin) Petroleum Systems Modeling?”
in Paris at an afternoon technical session entitled Anton Padin (TOTAL) – “Geomechanical Characterization
“Formation Evaluation in Unconventionals.” Alberto of Unconventional Formations: A Key for SRV Creation
presented an overview, from an operator’s perspective, and Production.”
on exploration and development of the Vaca Muerta Ishan Raina (SLB MpTC) – “Quantifying Water Saturation
shale play. His introductory talk was followed by five in a Source Rock Gas Play Using Multi-Frequency
presentations, grouped in two subtopics about Organic Dielectric Measurements”
Matter Characterization and Unconventional Play
Evaluation, which mixed petrophysics, basin modeling,
geomechanics, laboratory and log formation evaluation
from diverse points of view: consultant, operator and
service company. The session was well attended and, as
usual, remotely accessible in parallel via weblink. The
session program follows.
Keynote Speech
Alberto César Ortiz (YPF), SPWLA Regional
Distinguished Speaker – “What Have we Learned
From the Petrophysical Evaluation of the Vaca
Muerta Formation During the Last Five Years Martin Neumaier (Consultant) Anton Padin (TOTAL)
of Unconventional Shale Play Exploration and
Development?”
Organic Matter Characterization

Benjamin Nicot (TOTAL) – “Estimating Saturations in
Organic Shales Using 2D NMR.”
Laurent Mossé (Schlumberger) – “Fluid Typing and
Maturity Index From Logs: A New Framework for
Petrophysical Evaluation of Organic-Rich Mudrock.”
Ishan Raina (SLB MpTC)
This meeting was also the occasion to thank our chapter

secretary, Sylvain Boyer, who has just retired from IFP School
(French Institute of Petroleum) and has started a new life in the
South of France. Sylvain has been a SAID (then SPWLA France)
board member for about 30 years and held the positions of
Secretary, Technical Secretary and President (2003–2005).
Sylvain was the meritorious writer of a number of the well-
known Lettres de la SAID (SPWLA France letters), edited until
SAID April 2019 meeting. (Left) Handshake between Chapter Vice President 2016 for about 39 years. As IFP school teacher, Sylvain has
Jacques Delalex congratulating speaker Alberto César Ortiz (YPF) after probably trained a whole generation of log analysts in France
his presentation; (right) Laurent Mossé (Schlumberger) presented a new
framework for petrophysical evaluation of organic-rich mudrock.
and around the world. The whole SPWLA France Chapter
board thanks Sylvain for his contribution to the petrophysical
society, his involvement to SPWLA France Chapter and wishes
him a quiet and peaceful retirement in the charming French
Provence.
82
12 September 2019 – One-Day Seminar on “Life After Casing”

15 October 2019 – Evening lecture by Ebrahim Heydari
(Independent) on “Rock Typing: Application in Reservoir
Modelling And Development.”
12 November 2019 – AGM and off-topic talk.
05 December 2019 – One-Day seminar on “Saturation Height”
– followed by President’s evening
See our website www.lps.org.uk for details of all our events.
THE NETHERLANDS CHAPTER

SAID April 2019 meeting. (Left to right) Jacques Delalex (Consultant –
(Dutch Petrophysical Society)
SPWLA France Vice President), Sylvain Boyer (IFP-School – SPWLA
France Secretary), Jean-Etienne Jacolin (Schlumberger MpTC – SPWLA
France Treasurer), and Olivier Marché (Schlumberger – SPWLA France Recent Events
Technical Secretary). 06 June 2019 – The DPS held its Annual General Meeting and
a seminar on “Improved tight gas reservoir description”.
LONDON CHAPTER Professor Quentin Fisher (Leeds University) presented
(London Petrophysical Society, LPS) on “Petrophysical Properties of Tight Gas Sandstones,”
while Marten Bron (Wintershall Nordzee) presented
General News on “Integration of Various Study Results for Improved
The SPWLA recently awarded the LPS the ‘Outstanding Tight Gas Reservoir Description.” The meeting was well
Chapter Award’ for 2018–2019! This was presented at the attended, and the audience engaged in lively discussion
60th SPWLA Annual Symposium in Woodlands, Texas. Thanks on both topics during and after the talk. DPS would like
to everyone that has been involved with the LPS recently, or to thank all attendees and both speakers for an inspiring
with hosting the London SPWLA Symposium last year; this session.
award is a much- deserved recognition of all your hard work.
Recent Events
21 May 2019 – Iulian Hulea (Shell) spoke about “Understanding
Fundamental Controls of Hydrocarbon Saturation: From
Stress Corrections to Perched Water Contacts,” which
sparked some great technical discussion. Huge thanks
to Iulian and to all who attended for their questions and
debate.
20 June 2019 – We held an excellent One-Day Seminar on
“Image Logs and Fractured Reservoirs,” in the Janet
Watson lecture theatre at the Geological Society. Many
thanks to all who participated and especially to our
speakers for giving up their time and making it a great
day.
Upcoming Events
23 July 2019 – Evening lecture by Neil Bonwick (Ikon Science)
on “Digital Transformation of the Subsurface.” DPS Jue 2019 meeting. Part of the engaged audience during the meeting.
83
Recent Events
20 June 2019 – The SPWLA PDDA SIG held its 1st annual
meeting on June 20 following the conclusion of
the SPWLA Annual Symposium. The meeting was
fully registered by 50 attendees from major and
independent oil companies, service companies,
technology startups, and universities. The meeting
consisted of a wide-ranging set of talks (see program
below) that spanned many aspects of how analytics
can be leveraged to enhance petrophysical data
quality and analysis. We had lively discussions about
potential future developments for using analytics In
the keynote talk, Mr. Hani shared some interesting
future developments in the field of machine learning
DPS June 2019 meeting. Iulian Hulea (DPS president) presenting the with the advent of edge computing, cloud, and digital
speakers Quentin Fisher (left) and Marten Bron (right) with a token of twins. The talks on image analysis (SEM images,
appreciation from the DPS.
borehole resistivity images, and micro-CT images)
using machine learning were well received. Another
PDDA SIG thought-provoking talk was on use of deep learning
for well-log correlation on scale that led to interesting
General News conversations during the Q&A. The message that
PDDA SIG Meeting Committee: Chicheng Xu (Aramco reverberated across all the talks was that the analytical
Services Company), Michael Ashby (Anadarko Petroleum techniques can very well answer the challenging
Corporation), Bin Dai (Halliburton), Zheng Gan (Core petrophysical questions only when the problem is
Laboratories), Constantine Vavourakis (Paradigm, Emerson), well defined and good quality data are available from
and Siddharth Misra (The University of Oklahoma ) various sources/disciplines. It is evident from the
The PDDA SIG board passed a vote to set up a scholarship talks presented at the SPWLA Annual Symposium
foundation of $1,000 for one graduate student doing relevant that data analytics and machine learning will help
research. Applicants should send a resume to pdda_sig@ petrophysicists, engineers and geoscientists to
spwla.org together with a reference letter from their advisors improve their productivity and generate insights from
before October 1, 2019. large datasets.
84
85
SAUDI ARABIA CHAPTER (Saudi Aramco) discussed the experience of Saudi

Aramco with Surface-to-Borehole controlled-source EM
Recent Events technologies, while Quintilio Vasquez (Halliburton) gave
30 April 2019 –SPWLA Saudi Arabia held its 6th topical workshop an overview of a borehole-to-surface EM measurement.
on “Deep-Sensing Petrophysics” in Al Khobar, Saudi During the break, Ping Zhang presented a poster on
Arabia. Mr. Khalid Zainalabedin, manager of the Reservoir electrical resistivity tomography and Ahmed Abouzaid
Description and Simulation Department at Saudi Aramco, (BHGE) presented a poster about acoustic deep shear
opened the workshop by stressing the importance of wave imaging.
sensing the reservoirs deep, through accurate reservoir The afternoon session was dedicated to deep-
characterization, mapping and monitoring. The goal is to sensing well placement. Asim Mumtaz (BHGE) opened
reduce the uncertainties in hydrocarbon localization deep the session with a review of deep-sensing petrophysics
into the reservoirs, enhance confidence in production applications and advancements in the well-placement
forecasts and maximize hydrocarbon production. domain. Rajeev Samaroo (Schlumberger) presented an
The morning session was dedicated to application on how to upscale and calibrate petrophysical
electromagnetic (EM) technologies. Alberto Marsala models using deep-reading LWD data. Bronwyn Djefel
(Saudi Aramco) discussed the need for continuous (Halliburton) presented the last talk on a new 3D inversion
investment in research and development of deep-sensing of LWD deep azimuthal resistivity data. The audience was
EM techniques, along four strategic pillars of transmission, then divided into groups and group discussions were
acquisition, processing and interpretation. Jonathan Hall guided by questions summarized from the technical
(Weatherford) gave an overview of other deep-sensing talks. Marie Van Steene (Schlumberger) conducted
techniques including chemical tracers and noise logging. an interactive quiz to enhance learning, before Faisal
Ping Zhang (Schlumberger) presented crosswell EM Enezi (Saudi Aramco), the chapter president, closed the
technologies for reservoir monitoring. Gary McNeice workshop, an indeed very successful one with more than
100 participants.
SPWLA Saudi April 2019 6th topical workshop on “Deep-Sensing Petrophysics.”A token of appreciation presented to the keynote speaker Mr. Khalid
(center) by SPWLA Saudi Chapter SAC committee.
86
SPWLA Saudi April 2019 6th topical workshop on “Deep-Sensing Petrophysics” group photo.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO (UFRJ) THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN STUDENT CHAPTER
STUDENT CHAPTER
General News
General News The Student Chapter of SPWLA at UT-Austin was very well
After introducing the chapter to the freshmen, we held represented at the 60th SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium in
our selection for new members. And began to plan the 2019 the Woodlands. Chapter members authored or coauthored
SEGEP Workshop, our largest event, together with the AAPG 20 out of the 137 oral and eposter presentations that were
UFRJ Student Chapter. included in the conference’s main technical program. Our
chapter’s 2018–2019 president Artur Posenato Garcia,
Recent Events chapter members Chelsea Newgord and Archana Jagadisan
08 May 2019 – Selection of members. all received the 2018–2019 SPWLA Distinguished Speaker
Marketing Team Rodrigo Azambuja, Amanda Bezerra awards.
and Bruno Valle In addition, our chapter’s nominee for the SPWLA
Logistic and Events team Caio Guedes, Isabelle Freitas International Student Paper Contest, Sercan Gul, won 1st place
and Vinicius Jorge at the PhD level for his presentation entitled “Automated
Financial Assistant Leonardo Ribeiro Surface Measurements of Drilling Fluid Properties: Field
20 May 2019 – Election of new board members Application in the Permian Basin.” Congratulations to Sercan!
President Teresa Mourão Finally, the Student Chapter of SPWLA at UT-Austin
Vice President Leticia Cardoso received the 2018–2019 Outstanding Student Chapter Award
Treasurer Sofia D’Orsi during the SPWLA Awards Presentation on June 18. We are
Secretary Maria Eduarda Verbicário extremely grateful for this award. Moreover, we would like
28 May 2019 – Lecture by Giovanna Carneiro (Schlumberger) to express our gratitude to everyone that has contributed to
on “The Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in the chapter’s past and present success, to all the present and
Petrophysics past officers who volunteered to our chapter, to the SPWLA
Houston Chapter, to Jeff Crawford, Tianmin Jiang, Katerina
87
Yared, Adam Haecker, to our chapter adviser Dr. Carlos Torres- Blount, Dzevat Omeragic, Hani Elshahawi, SPWLA 2019–2020
Verdin, all the volunteers who contributed to the success of president Jesus Salazar, Carl Fredrik Berg, Paul Craddock, and
our events, to Shell, Schlumberger, Marathon Oil Corporation. Stefan Hertel.
Most importantly, we would like to thank all the speakers who
dedicated their time to present their work in Austin during the Thank y’all and hook’em!
2018–2019 cycle: Shahid Haq, Javid Shiriyev, Runqi Han, Aidan
UFRJ May 2019 meeting. SEGEP 2019 team with speaker Giovanna Carneiro (Schlumberger). Left to right: Bruno Valle, Maria Eduarda, Leonardo,
Teresa, Fernanda, Giovanna, Sofia, Isabelle, Amanda and Caio;
Sercan Gul, SPWLA International Student Paper Contest 1st place winner at the PhD level, presented his work “Automated Surface Measurements of
Drilling Fluid Properties: Field Application in the Permian Basin,” at UT Austin.
88
In Memoriam
Alain Brie
1948–2019
It is difficult to write a short eulogy about Alain’s history.

After receiving a diploma from ENSI Poitiers, Alain was hired
by Schlumberger and began his training in Angola in the early
1970s. It was a difficult baptism of fire, quickly followed by
tough assignments in Nigeria, Congo, Gabon and Libya. He
was then sent to Venezuela and Mexico. He was transferred
to the Overseas headquarters in Paris, where he worked on
medium frequency electromagnetics, a field that has been
further developed in recent years. He then served as one of
the first managers to lead the famous Schlumberger LAT (Log
Analysis Training) school that subsequently trained hundreds
of employees in log analysis. Following this assignment, he
spent time at Schlumberger-Doll Research in Ridgefield,
Connecticut, and at Schlumberger’s facility in Fuchinobe,
Japan, where he became the leading expert in acoustic
logging. He produced dozens of technical articles that are
often cited. He was well known as Mr. Sonic, a person who
could discuss sailing, water skiing and acoustic logging with
equal relevance and competence.
Alain was also well known for (1) his special kind a humor
(Alison Goligher, a colleague, defined his style as friendly
naughtiness), and (2) his unlimited energy. Only recently, he
was excelling in off-track skiing, was running on the sand of
the nearby beach and dancing to Beatle’s tunes.
Marcel Proust wrote that the real death comes up when
nobody in the universe remembers you. For Alain, this will not
come for very long time.
Condolences to his wife Jacqueline and to daughters
Celine and Florence.
Philippe Theys
89
Welcome New Members–April 15, 2019–June 24, 2019
Aasen, Kristofer, Texas Tech University, Hayfield, MN, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
United States Gragg, Evan, SM Energy Company, Denver, CO, United States
Aboujmeih, Hassan, ADNOC Offshore, Abu Dhabi, Hamza, Muhammad, Lahore, Pakistan
United Arab Emirates Hargrove, Brendan, Oasis Petroleum, Houston, TX,
Ahmadirad, Babak, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
United States Ho, Hung Kai, Texas Tech, Lubbock, TX, United States
Al Blooshi, Asma, ADNOC Offshore, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Hu, Jianxiong, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,
Emirates Ihunde, Thelma, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA,
Al Mamari, Ayoub Saif Humaid, Colorado School of Mines, United States
Golden, CO, United States Jiang, Xiaowen, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
Al Maskari, Shaymaa, ADNOC Onshore, Abu Dhabi, Jin, Yuchen, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
United Arab Emirates Johnson, Megan, Petrophysical Solutions, Inc., Cypress, TX,
Al Salati, Alya, ADNOC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates United States
Al Zaabi, Fatema, ADNOC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Jun, Zhu, CNPC Logging Co, China
Al-Hilali, Mazin, Oilserv, Bahrka, Erbil, Iraq Jutila, Heikki, Phoenix RDS Ltd, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Alali, Abdulkarim, Tatweer Petroleum, Awali, Southern, Kazmi, Syed Asad Ali, Weatherford, Islamabad, Capital,
Bahrain Pakistan
Albadi, Abeer, ADNOC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Kenter, Jeroen, TOTAL, Jurancon, Acquitaine, France
Alkhoori, Aysha, ADNOC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Khache, Inayatullah, ADNOC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Arkalgud, Ravi, Helio Flare Ltd, ABERDEEN, United Kingdom Kumar, Abhishek, University of Houston, Houston, TX,
Audu, Abraham, University of Exeter, Erith, United Kingdom, United States
Aux Millan, Julián, Universidad Industrial De Santander, Kumar, Sandeep, ONGC, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia Kumar, Sourav, ONGC, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
Avilez, Samuel, TGT Oil and Gas, Greensburg, PA, United States Laer, Pierre, ADNOC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Banothu, Babu, ONGC, Mehsana, Gujarat, India Layden, Andrew, University of Oklahoma, Spring, TX, United
Bezerra, Amanda, UFRJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil States
Biancardi, Cerys, Cardiff University, Cardiff,United Kingdom Li, Guo-Shi, ExxonMobil, Spring, TX, United States
Bini, Luis, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States Li, Hu, Maxwell Dynamics, Inc, Katy, TX, United States
Bittar, Michael, University of Houston, Houston, TX, Liu, Siyan, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
United States Lopez, Janett, Texas Tech University, New Caney, TX,
Brackenridge, Ross, Lloyd’s Register, Aberdeen, United States
United Kingdom Lukaszeski, Zachary, University of Louisiana at Lafayette,
Brasil Caires, Aline, Petrobras, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, Memphis, TN, United States
Carlson, Thomas, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, Mahmood, Md Nahin, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA,
United States United States
Chen, Huangye, EXxonmobil, Cypress, TX, United States Marchant, David, Computational Geosciences Inc, West
Chen, Meng, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Xindu, China Mazumdar, Aryab, University of Houston, Houston, TX,
Chohan, Mohammad, BHGE, Houston, TX, United States United States
Chuilon, Pierre, Total SA, Pau Cedex, France McVey, Billy, Texas Tech University, Trinity, TX, United States
Collins, Andrew, Schlumberger, Missouri City, TX, United States Yakup, Azwan, Tutong, Brunei Darussalam
Dua, Ajay, ADNOC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Meena, Ghanshyam, ONGC, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
Ekechukwu, Gerald, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, Miller, Mark, Baker Hughes / GE, Houston, TX, United States
United States Mohamed, Mohamed Ibrahim, Colorado School of Mines,
Esmaeilpour, Misagh, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, San Antonio, TX, United States
United States Moir, Nicholus, California Resources Corporation, Bakersfield,
Evraets, Bradly, PDC Energy, Arvada, CO, United States CA, United States
Firdaus, Miftahul, ConocoPhillips Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Montero, Jose, University of Leeds, Abingdon, Oxfordshire,
Garcia, Alex, Baker Hughes, a GE Company, Houston, TX, United Kingdom
United States Moosavi, Syed, Rice University, Richmond, TX, United States
Gasparotto, Andrea, University of Southampton, Mouici, El-djoudi, BHGE, Houston, TX, United States
90
Welcome New Members–April 15, 2019–June 24, 2019
Nooner - Hill, Nicole, Stratum Reservoir, Houston, TX, Zhang, Jing, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK,
United States United States
Nwankwo, Godswill, University of Houston, Houston, TX, Zhou, Xin, Schlumberger, Tianjin, China
United States Zhou, Yuhai, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,
Osogba, Oghenekaro, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
United States
Popa, Cristian, Mazarine Energy, Bucharest, Romania
Pryporov, Maksym, Occidental Petroleum, Katy, TX,
United States
Rahmatian, Mansour, Core Mineralogy Labs, Broussard, LA,
United States
Raines, Jessica, Baker Hughes, a GE Company, Houston, TX,
United States
Reynolds, Amanda, Encino Energy, Houston, TX, United States
Ribeiro, Leonardo, Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro,
Rio De Janeiro, Brazil,
Rothe, Eric, Baker Hughes, a GE Company, Houston, TX,
United States
Sakiyama, Naoki, Schlumberger, Houston, TX, United States
Sánchez, Brayhan, Universidad Industrial De Santander,
Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
Schwartz, Bryan, ExxonMobil, Spring, TX, United States
Soliman, Bahaa, Schlumberger, Alexandria, Egypt
Soto, Manuel, Repsol, Madrid, Spain
Souza, Andre, Petrobras, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Srivastava, Nikhil, ONGC, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
Staruiala, Adam, NCS Multistage, Calgary, AB, Canada
Suarez, Leonardo, Halliburton, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil,
Sumarna, Fabian, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
Tahani, Hoda, Halliburton, Houston, TX, United States
Techeira, Rebecca, GeoMark Research, Houston, TX,
United States
Tiwari, Babita, ONGC, Ankleshwar, India,
Tohill, Bosco, Schlumberger, Bucharest, Romania
Tost, Brian, Oregon State University, Lebanon, OR,
United States
Ugonoh, Mohammed, ADNOC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates
Vannicola, Mary, Equinor, Cypress, TX, United States
Viator, David, ExxonMobil, Spring, TX, United States
Wang, Shirui, University of Houston, Houston, TX,
United States
Watt, Adam, Heriot Watt University, Ellon, Aberdeenshire,
United Kingdom
Wedberg, Torolf, Smartfeatures, Bergen, Norway,
Wiseman, Mark, Anadarko, Cypress, TX, United States
Wu, Xuqing, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
Yousif, Shaifa, ADNODC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,
91

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ISSUE 4 | VO L 2 | J U LY 2 0 1 9

60th Anniversary • 1959–2019

Calendar of Events ............................................................................................................................................... 03

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

VP Education June 20–24, 2020

N. America 2 Asia and Australia

Latin America Executive Director

Managing Editor Publication Manager

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

I live in the Houston and plan on attending a few local

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

My picks for best papers of the symposium:

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

• To engage and empower the petrophysicists community to meet petrophysical needs of

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

The survey about the APP itself:

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

#1 Was not updating properly.

Q5: Any other thoughts on the mobile app? [11 responses]

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

#1 I think it’s great!

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Eight full-day workshops were delivered on Saturday and

Workshop 1: “Practical Applications of Acoustics“ Short Course

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

OPENING REMARKS AND KEYNOTE SOCIETY FUNCTIONS AND SOCIAL EVENTS

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

meetings and conferences. On a personal note, Tegwyn is an Meritorious Service

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Michael Thiel EGAMLS Inc

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Webcast/Operations Grant Goodyear (Halliburton) Mehrnoosh Saneifar (Chevron/SPWLA VP Information

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Figs. 2 to 13. Captions below.

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Fig. 2—1981 Symposium, Mexico City conference hotel.

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

(a) (b) (c) (d)

It is unlikely for errors to have nearly perfect spatial

Estimating Spatial Correlations

Issue 04 SPWLA TODAY July 2019

DEPENDENCIES BETWEEN VARIABLES Estimating Cross-Correlations