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    Developing A Theory of Food Access: Darcy A. Freedman, PHD

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    This document presents a draft grounded theory of food access developed through qualitative interviews and focus groups. The theory proposes that food access is shaped by five dimensions: 1) spatiotemporal factors related to the local food environment, 2) economic resources and food prices, 3) social influences like segregation and cultural preferences, 4) service delivery aspects of food retailers, and 5) personal characteristics like eating identity and health status. Developing a specific theory of food access could help inform interventions and policies to increase access to healthy foods in underserved communities.

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    Developing A Theory of Food Access: Darcy A. Freedman, PHD

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    ira concepcion
    26 views18 pages
    This document presents a draft grounded theory of food access developed through qualitative interviews and focus groups. The theory proposes that food access is shaped by five dimensions: 1) spatiotemporal factors related to the local food environment, 2) economic resources and food prices, 3) social influences like segregation and cultural preferences, 4) service delivery aspects of food retailers, and 5) personal characteristics like eating identity and health status. Developing a specific theory of food access could help inform interventions and policies to increase access to healthy foods in underserved communities.

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    Freedman

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    This document presents a draft grounded theory of food access developed through qualitative interviews and focus groups. The theory proposes that food access is shaped by five dimensions: 1) spatiotemporal factors related to the local food environment, 2) economic resources and food prices, 3) social influences like segregation and cultural preferences, 4) service delivery aspects of food retailers, and 5) personal characteristics like eating identity and health status. Developing a specific theory of food access could help inform interventions and policies to increase access to healthy foods in underserved communities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views18 pages

    Developing A Theory of Food Access: Darcy A. Freedman, PHD

    Uploaded by

    ira concepcion
    This document presents a draft grounded theory of food access developed through qualitative interviews and focus groups. The theory proposes that food access is shaped by five dimensions: 1) spatiotemporal factors related to the local food environment, 2) economic resources and food prices, 3) social influences like segregation and cultural preferences, 4) service delivery aspects of food retailers, and 5) personal characteristics like eating identity and health status. Developing a specific theory of food access could help inform interventions and policies to increase access to healthy foods in underserved communities.

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    of 18

    Developing a Theory of Food Access

    Darcy A. Freedman, PhD


    Assistant Professor, College of Social Work
    Centenary Faculty, Social Disparities in Built Community Environments

    Angela Liese, PhD


    Professor, Arnold School of Public Health
    Director, Center for Research on Nutrition and Health Disparities

    Jeff Hatala, MBA, MMC


    Doctoral Candidate, Arnold School of Public Health

    Denika Lomax, MSW, MPH


    Project Coordinator, Dekalb County Board of Health

    Christine Blake, PhD


    Assistant Professor, Arnold School of Public Health

    University of South Carolina, Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities
    Healthy Eating in Context Symposium, March 18, 2011
    What is theory?
    • A coherent group of general propositions used
    as principles of explanation for a class of
    phenomena.

    • A proposed explanation whose status is still


    conjectural, can be tested and disproved.

    • “T” v. “t” theories.


    Examples of Theory

    Macro
    • Structuration Theory
    • Feminist Theory
    • Critical Race Theory
    • Theories of Power and Capital

    • Diffusion of Innovation

    Meso • Community Readiness


    • Organizational Change
    • Community organizing and mobilization
    • Social marketing

    • Theory of Planned Behavior


    Individual
    Behaviors Micro • Theory of Reasoned Action
    • Health Belief Model
    • Social Cognitive Theory
    • Transtheoretical Model
    Examples of Theory
    • Structuration Theory

    Macro •
    •
    •
    Feminist Theory
    Critical Race Theory
    Theories of Power and Capital

    • Diffusion of Innovation
    Neighborhoods
    and
    Communities
    Meso • Community Readiness
    • Organizational Change
    • Community organizing and mobilization
    • Social marketing

    • Theory of Planned Behavior

    Micro
    • Theory of Reasoned Action
    • Health Belief Model
    • Social Cognitive Theory
    • Transtheoretical Model
    Examples of Theory
    • Structuration Theory

    Macro
    Systems, • Feminist Theory
    Structures, • Critical Race Theory
    Society • Theories of Power and Capital
    • Political Theory

    • Diffusion of Innovation

    Meso • Community Readiness


    • Organizational Change
    • Community organizing and mobilization
    • Social marketing

    • Theory of Planned Behavior

    Micro • Theory of Reasoned Action


    • Health Belief Model
    • Social Cognitive Theory
    • Transtheoretical Model
    Need for Specific
    Theory of Food Access
    • Empirical Evidence Suggests:
    – Food environments vary by race/class
    – Food environments influence health outcomes

    • Empirics are not enough to inform


    intervention to increase access and improve
    health outcomes
    Need for Specific
    Theory of Food Access
    • From “Work Group III: Methodologic Issues in Research on the Food
    and Physical Activity Environments Addressing Data Complexity”
    (Oakes et al., 2009)

    • Challenge #1: Conceptual Models and Theories

    – “Progress in trans-disciplinary research addressing the health effects


    of the food and physical activity environments appears hampered by
    several methodologic obstacles, including: (1) the absence of clear,
    testable conceptual models…” (S177)

    – “The first barrier is surely the lack of precise conceptual models and
    elaborate theories of exactly which factors are presumed to affect
    which behaviors under which circumstances and by how much.” (p.
    S178)
    Methods
    Qualitative Data Sources
    •In-depth interviews (n=20)
    •Focus groups (n=5)
    Data Analysis
    •Inductive analysis w/ research team
    •Grounded theory (Charmaz, 2001)
    •Atlasti 5.2
    Grounded Theory of Food Access:
    Five Dimensions
    *draft*

    Spatiotemporal

    Economic

    Social Food Access

    Service
    Delivery

    Personal
    Dimension 1: Spatiotemporal
    • Balanced access to a variety of food stores in
    local food environment.
    • Variety and quality of healthy foods available (e.g.,
    fruits/veg, low-fat milk, lean meats, whole grains).

    • Positive perceptions of local food environment.


    • Regular and reliable access to transport.
    • Work schedule facilitates access, have time to
    shop.
    • Short distance to travel to stores.
    Dimension 2: Economic

    • Price tags of healthy


    foodstuffs.
    • Good value, food is
    worth the price.
    • Financial resources of
    households.
    Dimension 3: Social
    E.g., Racial Segregation in Newark, NJ
    • Neighborhood
    segregation by race and
    class.
    • Racism and sexism
    (institutional, personally
    mediated, internalized).
    • Relationships and
    connection to food
    system actors.
    • Cultural preferences and
    heritage.
    Red is White, Blue is Black, Green is Asian, and
    Orange is Hispanic, and each dot is 25 people.
    Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/segregation-map-america-new-york-2010-9#newark-
    blacks-live-in-the-poor-south-ward-14
    Dimension 4: Service Delivery
    • Efficient service.
    • Coupon and incentive
    programs.
    • Presentation of food (e.g.,
    neat, clean, adequately
    stocked).
    • Staff (e.g., respectful,
    helpful, clean).
    • Specialty products
    available (e.g., organics,
    health foods, meats).
    Dimension 5: Personal
    • Eating identity (e.g.,
    healthy, meat, picky)
    • Health status
    • Knowledge about
    health eating
    Policies Focused on Food Access
    • Obama Administration (2010) details $400 million
    Healthy Food Financing Initiative, which will bring
    grocery stores and other healthy food retailers to
    underserved urban and rural communities across
    America.

    • CDC (2009) calls for policy and environmental


    strategies to increase the availability of healthier food
    retail in communities.

    • Let’s Move Campaign (2010) - Ensure that residents


    can access healthy and affordable food through public
    transportation—by realigning bus routes, providing
    free shuttles, or other means.
    Research and Policy Implications
    Spatiotemporal

    Economic

    Social Food Access

    Service
    Delivery

    Personal
    Thank you!
    This research was supported through grants from
    the National Cancer Institute and the Vanderbilt
    University Center for Community Studies.

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