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    Logic Circuit and Switching Theory: Sultan Kudarat State University

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    Mailyne Ventura Bacongco
    This document discusses number systems and conversion between different bases, including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting numbers between these bases using place values and remainders. The key steps shown are dividing numbers by the new base value to determine each digit place value and using tables to determine equivalent values between bases. Binary arithmetic of addition and subtraction is also demonstrated using bit-wise operations and carries/borrows between places.

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    Logic Circuit and Switching Theory: Sultan Kudarat State University

    Uploaded by

    Mailyne Ventura Bacongco
    60 views8 pages
    This document discusses number systems and conversion between different bases, including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting numbers between these bases using place values and remainders. The key steps shown are dividing numbers by the new base value to determine each digit place value and using tables to determine equivalent values between bases. Binary arithmetic of addition and subtraction is also demonstrated using bit-wise operations and carries/borrows between places.

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    Logic Circuit lecture 1

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    Logic Circuit lecture 1

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    This document discusses number systems and conversion between different bases, including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting numbers between these bases using place values and remainders. The key steps shown are dividing numbers by the new base value to determine each digit place value and using tables to determine equivalent values between bases. Binary arithmetic of addition and subtraction is also demonstrated using bit-wise operations and carries/borrows between places.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    60 views8 pages

    Logic Circuit and Switching Theory: Sultan Kudarat State University

    Uploaded by

    Mailyne Ventura Bacongco
    This document discusses number systems and conversion between different bases, including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides examples of converting numbers between these bases using place values and remainders. The key steps shown are dividing numbers by the new base value to determine each digit place value and using tables to determine equivalent values between bases. Binary arithmetic of addition and subtraction is also demonstrated using bit-wise operations and carries/borrows between places.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    LOGIC CIRCUIT AND

    SWITCHING THEORY
    CT 211

    SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY


    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
    LESSON 1 LOGIC CIRCUIT AND SWITCHING THEORY

    NUMBER SYSTEM AND CONVERSION


    Objective:
    When you complete this lesson, you should be able to solve the following types of
    problems:
    a. Given a positive integer, fraction, or mixed number in any base (2 through 16);
    convert to any other base. Justifying the procedure used by using a power series
    expansion for the number.
    b. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide position binary numbers. Explain the addition
    and subtraction process it terms of carries and borrows.

    Number System and Conversion

    Table 1.1. Number with different bases

    Decimal base Binary base 2 Octal base 8 Hexadecimal


    10 base 16
    00 0000 00 0
    01 0001 01 1
    02 0010 02 2
    03 0011 03 3
    04 0100 04 4
    05 0101 05 5
    06 0110 06 6
    07 0111 07 7
    08 1000 10 8
    09 1001 11 9
    10 1010 12 A
    11 1011 13 B
    12 1100 14 C
    13 1101 15 D
    14 1110 16 E
    15 1111 17 F

    When writing decimal (base 10) numbers, use a positional notation; each
    digit is multiplied by an appropriate power of 10 depending on its position in the
    number.

    Example 1.1 2 1 0 -1 -2
    953.7810 = 9x10 + 5x10 + 3x10 +7x10 + 8x10

    SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY


    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
    LESSON 1 LOGIC CIRCUIT AND SWITCHING THEORY

    Similar, for binary (base 2) numbers, each binary digit is multiplied by the
    appropriate power of 2.

    Example 1.2
    3 2 1 0 -1 -2
    1011.112 = 1x2 + 0x2 + 1x2 + 1x2 + 1x2 + 1x2
    =8+0+2+1+½+¼
    = 11 ¾
    = 11.25 //
    10

    Note: That the binary point separate the positive and negative power of 2
    just as the decimal point separate the positive and negative powers of 10 for decimal
    numbers.

    CONVERSION
    Binary to Decimal

    Example 1.3
    1010112 = 4310
    = 1x2 + 0x2 + 1x2 + 0x2 + 1x2 + 1x 2
    = 32 + 8 + 2 + 1
    = 4310 //

    Decimal to Binary

    Example 1.4
    37410 = 1011101102

    374/2 = 0
    187/2 = 1
    93/2 = 1
    44/2 = 0
    23/2 = 1
    11/2 = 1
    5/2 = 1
    2/2 = 0
    Note: What will be the remainder that would be
    ½ =1
    the equivalent answer in each division.

    SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY


    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
    LESSON 1 LOGIC CIRCUIT AND SWITCHING THEORY

    Decimal to Octal

    Example 1.5
    37410 = 566
    8

    374/8 =6
    46/8 =6
    5/8 =5
    0/8 =0

    Note: To check the answer in converting decimal to octal use the procedure
    in converting binary to decimal.

    Octal to Binary

    Example 1.6
    75348 = 1111010111002
    3 2 1 0
    7x8 + 5x8 + 3x8 + 4x8 = 393210

    3932/2 = 0
    1966/2 = 0
    983/2 = 1
    490/2 = 1
    245/2 = 1
    122/2 = 0 Note: Before converting Octal to Binary convert
    61/2 = 1 the number first to decimal similar in Example
    30/2 = 1 1.3.
    15/2 = 1
    7/2 =1
    3/2 =1
    ½ =1

    Hexadecimal to Decimal

    Example 1.7
    CAFÉ 16 = 51 96610
    3 2 1 0
    12x16 + 10x16 + 15x16 + 14x16
    = 51 96610 //

    Note: In converting Hexadecimal to Decimal refer to Table 1.1.

    SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY


    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
    LESSON 1 LOGIC CIRCUIT AND SWITCHING THEORY

    Decimal to Hexadecimal

    Example 1.8
    1374 = 55E
    10 16

    1374/16 = 14
    85/16 = 5
    5/16 =5
    0/16 =0

    Note: Number (14) in Table 1.1 the equivalent Hexadecimal is (E)

    Hexadecimal to Octal

    Example 1.9
    55E = 2536
    16 8

    010101011110
    2 5 3 6

    Note: In converting Hexadecimal to Octal group the binary digit into three (3)

    Octal to Hexadecimal

    Example 1.10
    25368 = 55E 16

    010101011110
    5 5 E

    Note: In converting Octal to decimal group the binary digit into four (4)

    SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY


    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
    LESSON 1 LOGIC CIRCUIT AND SWITCHING THEORY

    BINARY ARITHMETIC

    Reminder:

    1 + 1 = 10 0 – 1 = 10 1x1=1
    1+0=1 1–1=0 1x0=0
    10 = 2 1–0=1 0x1=0

    Addition

    Example 1.11
    1010101 - 64 + 16 + 4 + 1 = 85
    +1101101 - 64 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 109
    11000010 = 194

    Subtraction

    Example 1.12
    1011101 - 93
    - 0111011 - 59
    0100010 – 34

    SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY


    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
    LESSON 1 LOGIC CIRCUIT AND SWITCHING THEORY

    **********
    Exercises
    1. Convert the following:

    1.1. BEEF =________________


    16 7
    1.2. =________________
    10
    1.3. =________________
    4
    1.4. =________________
    6

    2. Binary arithmetic

    2.1. 1011101110
    +1001100111

    2.2. 0001111011
    +1101111111

    2.3. 11111001110
    +1100101101

    2.4. 10001110011
    +00110001111

    2.5. 110011110011
    +111101101101

    **************************************************************************************
    Reference:
    Fundamentals of Logic Design (Fifth Edition): Charles H. Roth, Jr.

    SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY


    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
    LESSON 1 LOGIC CIRCUIT AND SWITCHING THEORY

    SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY


    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

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