International Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
International Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
International Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
Research Article
*Address for Correspondence: Javad Shavikloo, Department of Corrective Exercises and Sports Injuries,
University of Guilan, Iran, Tel: +98-919-193-3716; E-mail:
Cite this article: Shavikloo J, Norasteh A. Does TRX Training Reduce Injury Rates in Futsal Athletes, as
Measured by the Functional Movement Screening Test? Int J Sports Sci Med. 2019;3(2): 060-064.
Copyright: © 2019 Shavikloo J, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ISSN: 2640-0936
International Journal of Sports Science & Medicine ISSN: 2640-0936
ABSTRACT
Objective: The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) measures the range of motion, balance, and stability in different situations.
So performing exercises that increase the (FMS) scores may be helpful in reducing the number of exercise injuries. Therefore, the aim
of this study was to assess does TRX training reduce injury rates in futsal athletes, as measured by the Functional Movement Screening
Test?
Methods: Twenty-four futsal players (CON mean age: 22.40 ± 1.24 years and INT Mean age: 2.44 ± 21.80 years, age range: 18-28)
were randomly assigned to a CON (n = 12) or an INT (n = 12) group. The intervention group carried out three times a week over six weeks
during the same period, the control group continued its routine training that includes futsal specialist training and Tactical training. Both
groups performed functional movement screening before and after the exercise program. Paired t test was used to analyze the data via
SPSS software at the significance level of P < 0.050.
Results: The Paired t test analysis showed significant improvements in Deep squat (p = 0.01), Hurdle step (p = 0.01), In-line lunge
(p = 0.04), Trunk rotary stability (p = 0.021) and total score of the FMS (p = 0.002) from the pre- to post – test in the INT group, But no
significant changes were observed in control group performance.
Conclusion: According to the results, the suspension training seems to increase the FMS by strengthening the body’s core region
and modifying the patterns of utilizing motor units and it can reduce the injury rates to futsal players. So, it is recommended for athletic
trainers and athletes to use these training to prevent sports injuries.
Keywords: Suspension training; Prevent injury; Core stability; FMS
INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the importance of the stability of the
core body region in human movements. Core stability plays a role in
With increasing participation in sports activities, the number the effective functioning of the trunk and limbs for the production,
of athletes at risk of injury has increased. According to the National transfer, and control of forces or energy in the activities [12,16,17].
Collegiate Athletic Association reports, approximately 1,82,000 For example, Richardson et al. [18] examined the sequence of muscle
injuries occurred in athletes from 1988 to 2004 and Futsal is among activity throughout the entire body movement, and a number of
the top ten injury prone sports with incidence rate of 20.3 and 55.2 stabilizers in the core region (transverse abdominis, multifidus, rectus
injuries per 10000 hours sport participation, respectively [1,2]. abdominis, and internal and external abdominals oblique) that were
Most injuries affect the lower extremity (i.e., knee and thigh) [3,4]. continuously before any movement in the limbs they were activated
In futsal, prospective studies with hamstring injury rates are scarce, [18]. As a result, the authors found that trunk muscle strength,
but Junge and Dvorak. demonstrated that thigh strain is among the sprint, and kicking performance improved following 9 weeks of core
most prevalent diagnoses of time-loss injuries in futsal players [3]. strength training on unstable and stable surfaces, without differences
In addition, recently Martinez-Rianza et al. [5] analyzed medical between groups [19]. The results of previous research, confirm the
assistance to Spanish national futsal team over five seasons and theory that movement control and core area stability extend to limbs
showed that in 43.3% of the cases, injuries were sustained in the thigh, [17]. More recently suspension training systems have been added to
followed by the leg (12.6%) and knee (10%) [5]. Most assistance cases the list of core stability training devices. In suspension training, as the
(52.6%) were due to muscle overload (i.e., when the individual did name suggests, straps and/or ropes are used to suspend specific body
not have an anatomical injury but the muscle was painful and slightly segments in the air. Individuals then work against their body weight
tight when manually explored) and 14.4% were due to residual pain. as they complete exercises in the unstable environment created by
the suspension straps. Although considerable research has examined
Sport injuries can have various causes. For examples, improper
more traditional means of instability training [20]. Little previous
methods of performing techniques, overuse, and insufficient
research has evaluated the effects of suspension training.
recovery. According to previous studies, it is possible that athletes
are vulnerable to various internal factors. These factors include Motor control is the ability to create and maintain a balance
inappropriate ratios of strength and endurance of agonist and between mobility and stability throughout the kinematic chain
antagonist muscles, structural abnormalities, gender, pre-seasonal while performing a precise and effective motor pattern [21].
physical fitness, and history of injury [6-8]. Recently, researchers have Muscle strength, flexibility, endurance, coordination, balance, and
shown that muscular imbalance may be one of the causes of injury, in fundamental performance are the components needed to perform
addition to improper motor control or muscle weakness [9]. In this a correct movement and exercise skills [21,22]. Disruption of
regard, studies clearly show that knee injuries are more common in basic motor patterns is associated with an increased risk of athletic
female athletes with inappropriate motor control in the body [10]. injury [9,23]. Although direct and quantitative measurements of
fundamental movements are limited, Cook et al. [24] proposed a
Core stability is created through stability in the trunk, thus qualitative assessment of the movement, indicating the degree of core
allowing the production, transmission and optimum control of force stability of individuals and how they affect performance and injury
and movement along an integrated kinematic chain [11-13]. The aim [24,25]. The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test evaluates the
of this type of exercise is to correct movement patterns, increasing quality of the basic locomotor pattern and any possible limitations or
the range of motion, stretching and strengthening muscles, as well asymmetry in the movement patterns performed. These tests are also
as proprioception training. Core strength training is based on the used to assess pain in athletes, muscle strength, joint stability in the
principle of high-strength, neuromuscular activity and the use of lower limbs, muscle flexibility, balance and proprioception [25]. The
static and dynamic training [14,15]. FMS is considered a comprehensive tool evaluating motor control
of the training are presented in table 1. INT 12 2.44 ± 21.80 173.25 ± 4.04 66.40 ± 4.67 21.35 ± 1.55
Table 3: Paired t-test to investigate the difference between pre-test and post- normal position in the spinal column during daily activities; it does
test FMS score between control and intervention groups. this by increasing the endurance and coordination of the vertebrate
Pre-Test Post-Test stabilizer muscles [38]. However, suspended training, which are a
Score Score new form of core stabilization training, practice the whole body in an
Group Tests t p*
(Mean ± (Mean ±
unstable condition, the ability to enhance the activity of the roots of
SD) SD)
the nerves, to establish coordination between the trunk and the hip
Deep squat 2.00 ± 0.66 2.20 ± 0.42 1.00 0.34
joint, and to reduce abnormalities and asymmetry in the limb during
Hurdle step 2.10 ± 0.73 1.80 ± 0.78 0.81 0.43
In-line lunge 2.20 ± 0.63 2.00 ± 0.66 0.82 0.44
the execution of the movement to be [15]. Also, these trainings have
Shoulder mobility 2.00 ± 0.47 2.20 ± 0.63 1.00 0.34 a positive effect on the muscular reactions in the closed kinematic
CON Active straight leg chain and improve the ability to control the balance.
2.30 ± 0.67 2.30 ± 0.67 0.80 0.44
raise
Trunk stability push up 2.10 ± 0.73 1.80 ± 0.78 1.96 0.08
CONCLUSION
Trunk rotary stability 1.70 ± 0.48 1.80 ± 0.63 0.42 0.67 Regarding the results of this study, suspension training lead
TOTAL FMS Score 14.40 ± 1.07 13.90 ± 1.28 1.46 *
0.17
to improving the scores of FMS Futsal athlete’s players. Research
Deep squat 1.50 ± 0.52 2.40 ± 0.51 3.85 *
0.04
has shown that continuous training in suspended exercises can
Hurdle step 2.00 ± 0.66 2.50 ± 0.84 3.00 *
0.01
potentially improve the body’s core body region by improving the
In-line lunge 2.00 ± 0.47 2.60 ± 0.51 3.67 *
0.04
use of motor units and creating coherence in the core body region.
Shoulder mobility 2.10 ± 0.73 2.30 ± 0.67 1.50 0.16
INT Active straight leg
These exercises strengthen the core muscles of the body by improving
2.20 ± 0.63 2.40 ± 0.51 1.50 0.16 the performance of the FMS scores and thus TRX training can reduce
raise
Trunk stability push up 2.00 ± 0.66 2.40 ± 0.51 2.44 *
0.37 injury rates in futsal players.
Trunk rotary stability 1.40 ± 0.51 2.30 ± 0.48 9.00 *
0.01
TOTAL FMS Score 13.50 ± 1.08 16.60 ± 1.50 6.43 *
0.01
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
*
Significantly different from the pre to post test within each groups P ≤ 0.05. We would like to thank all the participants who helped us with
this research and thank the University of Guilan for providing the
performing 4 weeks of the training program in adolescents did not groundwork for the study.
improve the scores obtained from the FMS [34]. The results of the
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