Materi 1-4 Pronunciation 2019
Materi 1-4 Pronunciation 2019
Materi 1-4 Pronunciation 2019
2. Consonants
According to the place / point of articulation the consonants can be divided into :
1. Bilabial : two lips are the primaru articulators, e.g. : b, p, m, w
2. Labio-dental : the lower lips articulates with the upper teeth, e.g.: f, v
3. Dental : the tongue tip and rims articulate with the upper teeth, e.g.: θ, ð
4. Alveolar : the blade, or tip and blade of the tongue articulate with the alveolar
ridge, e.g.: t, d, l, n, s, z
5. Post alveolar : the tip (and the rims) of the tongue articulate with the rear part of
the alveolar ridge, e.g. : r
6. Palato-alveolar : the blade, or the tip and blade of the tongue articulate with the
alveolar ridge and there is at the same time a rising of the front of
the tongue towards the hard palate, e.g.: ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ
7. Palatal : the front of the tongue articulates with the hard palate, e.g.: j
8. Velar : the back of the tongue articulates with the soft palate, e.g.: k, g, ŋ
9. Glottal : an obstruction, or a narrowing causing friction but not vibration
between the vocal cords, e.g.: h
1. Complete Closure:
a. Plosive : a complete closure at same point in the vocal tract, behind which
the air pressure builds up and can be released explosively, e.g.: p,
b, t, d, k, g
b. Affricate : a complete closure at the same point in the mouth, behind which
the air pressure builds up; the separation of the organs is slow
complete with that of a plosive, so that friction is a characteristic
second element of the sound, e.g.: tʃ, dʒ
c. Nasal : a complete closure at same points in the mouth but the soft palate
being lowered the air escaped through nose, e.g.: m, n, ŋ
2. Intermittent Closure:
Roll : a series of rapid intermittent closures or taps made by a flexible
organs on a firmer surface, e.g.: r (the tongue tip taps against the
alveolar ridge)
3. Partial Closure:
Lateral : a partial closure is made at some point in the mouth, the air
stream being allowed to escape on one or both sides of the
contact, e.g.: l
4. Narrowing:
Fricative : two organs approximate to such an extent that the air stream
passes through them with friction, e.g.: f, v, ʃ, ʒ, s, z, θ, ð, h
5. Glides:
Semi vowels : Usually included in the consonantal category on functional
grounds, but from the point of view of phonetic description they
are more properly treated as vowel glides, e.g.: w, j
PHONETIC TABLE
CHIEF ENGLISH CONSONANTAL ARTICULATIONS
PLACE OF ARTICULATION
BILABIAL
LABIO-DENTAL
DENTAL
ALVEOLAR
POST ALVEOLAR
ALVEOLAR
PALATO-
PALATAL
VELAR
GLOTTAL
COMPLETE ORAL CLOSURE
Plosive pb td kg
MANNER OF ARTICULATION
Affricate tʃ dʒ
Nasal m n ŋ
INTERMITTENT CLOSURE
Roll r
PARTIAL CLOSURE
Lateral l
NARROWING
fv θð sz ʃʒ h
Fricative
GLIDE
w j
Semi vowel
Read well point no 1 & 2!! There will be quiz for discussing them!
B. Silent Consonants
Letter Example in the Sounds of the words
B Climb, ...
C Scissors, ...
D Wednesday, ...
G Ought, ...
H Hour, ...
K Know, ...
L Talk, ...
N Autumn, ...
P Psychology, ...
R More, ...
S Island, ...
T Listen, ...
W Answer, ...
Assignment!
Find the other examples (in words) of Simple and Silent consonants! (each phonemes has 3
to 5 words examples
4. Grammatical Endings
A. Noun Suffixes
The pronounciation of the noun suffixes ( -s, -‘s, -s’ ) is determined by the last sound of the
noun. The lists of the key words are listed below:
3. / z / after B, BE, D, DE, G, GUE, VE, THE, M, ME, N, NE, NG, L, LE, R, RE
/ V / = ties, toes (after vowel spellings)
/ b / = clubs, crabs
/ d / = buds, seeds
/ g / = eggs, pegs
/ v / = wives, stoves
/ ð / = clothes, lathes
/ m / = names, claims
/ n / = fans, pins
/ ŋ / = songs, kings
/ l / = smiles, pills
/ r / = ears, cars
The pronunciation of the “third singular suffix” spelled –s or –es, is always /s/, /iz/, /z/ added to
the common form of the verb. And the lists of the key words are listed below:
3. / z / after B, BE, D, DE, G, GUE, VE, THE, M, ME, N, NE, NG, L, LE, R, RE
/ V / = ties, sees, knows (after vowel spellings)
/ b / = grabs, sobs
/ d / = decides, divides, attends
/ g / = begs, drags
/ v / = lives, loves, drives
/ ð / = bathes, breathes
/ m / = seems, times
/ n / = learns, means
/ ŋ / = sings, longs for
/ l / = calls, kills, smiles
/ r / = cares, hears, remembers
Assignment!:
- Take one text of English studied in SMP or SMA. (print it out or copy it)
- Underline all PLURAL NOUNS and identifiy the grammatical endings!
- Highlight all PRESENT VERBS and identifiy the grammatical endings!