PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA QUIZ #1 SET A

Introduction, distance correction & Leveling

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Fundamental Surveying
1st Sem., SY 2019-2020
NO GADGETS
DIRECTION: Please put all things under your chair. Read III. APPLICATION: Solve the following problems. Draw
each statement carefully and present a complete the necessary figures and show your complete
solution for each problem. solutions. Round off your answers to two decimal
WARNING: Academic dishonesty or any form of places.
cheating is a major offense. Found guilty has a sanction
of either exclusion or expulsion from the university. 1. A line 100 m long was paced by a surveyor for four
times with the following data, 142, 145, 144 and
I. IDENTIFICATION: No erasures. (2points each)
1. One of the best known of measuring 146. Then another line was paced for five times
instrument (ancient times) used for again with the following results, 893, 894, 891, 896
determining the latitude of the stars. and 894. (a) Determine the pace factor. (b)
2. Date when the English System was phase out Determine the distance of the new line. (10 points)
in the Philippines. 2. Under a standard pull of 8 kg, the steel tape is 40
3. Refers to the degree of refinement and m. long. A normal tension of 18 kg makes the
consistency with which any physical elongation of the tape offset the effect of sag. If the
measurement is made. tape weighs 0.025 kg/m, and E = 2 x 106 kg/cm2,
4. Unit weight of a steel tape in English System. determine its cross-sectional area of the tape. (5
5. Other term for accidental error. points)
6. Instrument used in barometric leveling, a light 3. A slope measurement of 545.38 m is made
and sturdy but less precise aneroid between points A and B. The elevation of A is
barometers. 424.25m and that of B is 559.06m. Determine the
7. Method in levelling used in a highway or correct horizontal distance between the two points
railroad constructions it is often necessary to if a 30-m steel tape weighs 12.5 g/m and has a
obtain a representation of the ground surface cross section of 0.022 sq. cm., was standardized
on either side of the centerline. and supported throughout its whole length and
8. An intervening point between two benchmarks found to be 0.00205 m longer at an observed
upon which point foresight and back-sight are temperature of 29.8°C and a pull of 7 kg. this tape
taken to enable a leveling operation to was used to measure the slope distance from point
continue from a new instrument position. A to B, standard pull of 5.5 kg. (15 points)
9. It is the deviation of light or other 4. A is a point having an elevation of 130.48m above
electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it datum B and c are points of unknown elevation, B
passes through the atmosphere due to the is between A and C. by means of instrument set
variation in air density as a function of altitude. 1.22 m above B, vertical angle are observed, that A
10. It is the distance from the center of the being -14°45’ and that C being +8°32’. The
instrument to the principal focus horizontal distance AB is 547.20 and the horizontal
distance BC is 923.25m Making due allowance for
II. ENUMERATION: (1point each) earth’s curvature and atmospheric refraction.
1-5. Assumptions in Plane Surveying. a. Compute the difference in elevation between A
6-10. Personal errors in leveling. and B. (5 points)
b. Determine the difference in elevation between
B and C. (5 points)
c. Determine the elevation of C. (5 points)
 ANSWER KEY: Quiz #1 Set A
I. IDENTIFICATION (2 POINTS EACH 2. COMBINED CORRECTION
1. Astrolabe s = 545.38
2. Jan. 1, 1983 Elev. A = 424.25
3. Precision Elev. B = 559.06
4. 490 lbs/ ft3 L = 30 m
5. Compensating Error e = +2.05 x 10-3
6. Altimeter w = 12.5 g/m → 0.0125 Kg/m
7. Cross-section Leveling Po = 5.5 Kg
8. Turning Point P = 7 Kg
9. Atmospheric Refraction To = 20°C
10.Stadia Constant T = 29.8°C
E = 2.0 x 106 kg/cm2
II. ENUMERATION (1POINT EACH)
1. A level line is considered as mathematically straight. Correction due to temperature
2. All distances and directions are horizontal; 𝐶𝑇 = 𝐾𝐿(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑜 )
3. The direction of the plumb line is considered to be 𝐶𝑇 = 11.6 𝑥 10−6⁄°𝐶 (30𝑚)(29.8°𝐶 − 20°𝐶)
same at all points within the limits of survey. 𝑪𝑻 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟏𝟎𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎 (too long) (2points)
4. All angles (both horizontal and vertical is considered
to be plane angles. Correction due to tension
5. Elevations are with reference to a datum. (𝑃 − 𝑃𝑜)
6. Bubble not centered. 𝐶𝑃 = 𝐿
𝐴𝐸
7. Parallax (7𝐾𝑔 − 5.5𝐾𝑔)
8. Faulty rod reading 𝐶𝑃 = (30𝑚)
0.022𝑐𝑚2 (2.0𝑥106 𝐾𝑔⁄𝑐𝑚2 )
9. Rod not held plumb.
10.Incorrect setting of targets. 𝑪𝑷 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎 (too long) (2points)
11.Unequal back-sight and foresight distance.
Correction due sag
III. APPLICATION
𝑤 2 𝐿3
1. PACING 𝐶𝑆 =
142 + 145 + 144 + 146 24𝑃2
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 = (0.0125 𝐾𝑔⁄𝑚)2 (30𝑚)3
4 𝐶𝑠 =
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒. 𝟐𝟓 𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒔 24(7 𝐾𝑔)2
𝑇𝐷 100
a. 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = 144.25 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟗 𝒎/𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆
𝑃𝐷 𝑪𝒔 = −𝟑. 𝟓𝟖𝟕𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎 (2points)
(5points) 𝐶𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍(𝟑𝟎𝒎) = 2.05𝑥10−3 + 3.410𝑥10−3 + 1.023𝑥10−3
893+894+ 891+ 896+ 894
b. 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 = − 3.587𝑥10−3
5
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 = 𝟖𝟗𝟑. 𝟔 𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒔
𝑫𝑿𝒀 = 𝑃𝐹 𝑥 # 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝐶𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = + 2.896𝑥10−3 𝑚 (too long)
𝑫𝑿𝒀 = 0.69 𝑚⁄𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑥 893.6 𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑒
𝐷𝑋𝑌 = 𝟔𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟖 𝒎 (5points) 𝑇 = 𝑀 (1 + )
𝐿
′
2.896𝑥10−3 𝑚
2. CORRECTION DUE TO WIND 𝑠 = 545.38𝑚 (1 + )
30𝑚
𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟒 𝑾√𝑨𝑬
𝑷𝑵 = s’ = 545.43 m (2points)
√𝑷𝑵 − 𝑷𝑺
0.204 (0.025)(40)√𝐴(2 × 106 ) CORRECTION DUE TO SLOPE
18 =
√18 − 8 S’ = 545.43m
A = 0.0389 cm2 (5points)
 h = 559.06 – 424.25 = 134.81m
𝑑 = √𝑠 2 − ℎ 2
𝑑 = √545.432 − 134.812 = 𝟓𝟐𝟖. 𝟓𝟎𝟕 𝒎

ℎ b. Difference in elevation between B and C

% 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑥100%
𝑑 FIGURE:
134.81
= 𝑥100%
528.507
= 𝟐𝟓. 𝟓𝟏% (steep slope) (2points)
𝑑 = 𝑠 − 𝐶ℎ
ℎ2 ℎ4
𝑑 = 𝑠 − ( + 3)
2𝑠 8𝑠
134.812 134.814
𝑑 = 545.43 − ( + )
2(545.43) 8(545.43)3
𝑑 = 545.43 − 16.95
𝑑 = 𝟓𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝟓 𝒎 (5points)

3. TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING WITH CURVATURE AND

REFRACTION CORRECTION
a. Difference in elevation between A and B
FIGURE: ℎ2
tan 8°32′ =
923.25
ℎ2 = 138.5298 𝑚

ℎ𝑐2 = 0.0675 (𝐾2 )2

ℎ𝑐2 = 0.0675 (0.92325)2

ℎ𝑐2 = 0.0575 𝑚

𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓. 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑏𝑒𝑡. 𝐵 & 𝐶

= 138.5298 + 0.0575 + 1.22

𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇. 𝒊𝒏 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒗. 𝑩 & 𝑪 = 𝟏𝟑𝟗. 𝟖𝟎𝟕𝟑 𝒎

ℎ1
tan 14°45′ =
547.20 c. Elevation C
ℎ1 = 144.0657 𝑚 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝐶 = 130.48 + 142.8255 + 139.8073
ℎ𝑐1 = 0.0675 (𝐾1 )2 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒗. 𝑪 = 𝟒𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝒎
ℎ𝑐1 = 0.0675 (0.5472)2
ℎ𝑐1 = 0.0202 𝑚
𝐻 = 144.0657 − 0.0202
𝐻 = 144.0455
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓. 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑏𝑒𝑡. 𝐴 & 𝐵 = 144.0455 − 1.22
𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒇. 𝒊𝒏 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒗. 𝑨 & 𝑩 = 𝟏𝟒𝟐. 𝟖𝟐𝟓𝟓𝒎