Bi-Directional Visitor Counter

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SPECIMEN COVER PAGE

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT


BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR
COUNTER
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

T.SIRI PAVANA TIRUTHANI


in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY&MANAGEMENT: ODISHA


November 2017

SPECIMEN CERTIFICATE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CENTURION UNIVERSITY
OF TECHNOLOGY& MANAGEMENT
PARALAKHEMUNDI -761201
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “BI-DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER” is

the bonafide work of T. Siri Pavana Tiruthani who carried out the project work under my

supervision. This is to further certify to the best of my knowledge that this

project has not been carried out earlier in this institute and the university.

Supervisor

Prof.Satyanarayan Padhy
H.O.D., Dept. of ECE Engg.

Certified that the above mentioned project has been duly carried out as per the norms
of the college and statutes of the university

Prof. Satyanarayan Padhy

H.O.D., Dept. of ECE Engg. CUTM,


Paralakhemundi

Signature

External

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to express my profound and sincere gratitude to Prof. Satyanarayan Padhy, Department of
Electronics And Communication Engineering. JITM Paralakhemundi, who guided me into the intricacies of
this project non-chalantly with matchless magnanimity.

I thank Prof. Satyanarayan Padhy Head of the Dept. of E.C.E., and Prof. Bishnu Prasad
Mishra, DEAN, SOET for extending their support during Course of this investigation.
I would be failing in my duty if I don’t acknowledge the co-operation rendered during various stages
of image interpretation by………………………………….

I am highly grateful to Prof. Satyanarayan Padhy who evinced keen interest and invaluable
support in the progress and successful completion of my project work.

I am indebted to Prof. Satyanarayan Padhy for their constant encouragement, co-operation and help.
Words of gratitude are not enough to describe the accommodation and fortitude which they have shown
throughout my endeavor.

Prof.Satyanarayan Padhy
1. CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Block diagram

2. CHAPTER-2 FORMULATION OF PROJECT


2.1. LIST OF COMPONENTS
2.2. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
2.2.1 ARDUINO UNO
2.2.2 LCD 16X2 DISPLAY
2.2.3 IR SENSOR MODULE
2.2.4 TRANSISTOR
2.2.5 BATTERY
2.2.6 JUMPERS
2.2.7 LCD PIN CONNECTOR

3. CHAPTER- 3 PROJECT WORK


3.1 INTERFACE AN LCD WITH ARDUINO
3.2 FLOW CHART
3.3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
3.4 DESCRIPTION
3.5 CODING
3.6 WORKING

4. CHAPTER- 4 IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM


4.1 ADVANTAGES
4.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
4.3 APPLICATIONS

5. CHAPTER- 5 SUMMARY,FUTURE SCOPE,CONCLUSION


5.1 FUTURE SCOPE
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 REFERENCE
ABSTRACT

In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automated appliances. With the increase in the
living standards, there is an immediate need for developing circuits that would change the
complexity of life to simplicity. This project title “Bidirectional Visitor Counter” is designed and
presented in order to count the visitors of an auditorium, hall, offices, malls, sports venue, etc. The
system counts both the entering and exiting visitor of the auditorium or hall or other place, where it
is placed. Depending upon the sensors interruption, the system identifies the entry and exit of the
visitor. On the successful implementation of the system, it displays the number of visitor present in
the auditorium or hall. This is an economical cost reducing system when implemented in places
where the visitors have to be counted. Counting the visitors can be time consuming so it helps to
maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of employees, time saving and sales potential of an
organization, etc.
CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction

Bi-directional Visitor Counter is a reliable Circuit that takes over the task of counting number
of Person’s visitors in the room very accurately when somebody enters into the room then the
counter is incremented by one value and when any one leaves the room then the counter is
decremented by one value until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of persons
inside the room is also displayed on the LCD displays. The Arduino Uno does the above job. It
receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control of software
called Arduino (IDE). Also in addition the total number of person in the room is incremented
value or decremented value will always be displayed in the LCD.
1.2 Block diagram

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VISITOR


COUNTER
CHAPTER 2
2.1 LIST OF COMPONENTS
HARDWARE PART
1. Arduino Uno
2. Lcd display (16×2 display)
3.IR sensor module
4.Transistor(BC 547)
5.power supply
6.battery
7.jumpers
8.lcd pin connector
SOFTWARE PART
1.Arduino

2.2 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS


2.2.1 ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328.It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection,
a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.
Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

SPECIFICATION

Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 Ma
50 Ma
DC Current for 3.3V
Pin
Flash Memory 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by boot loader
SRAM 2 KB
EEPROM 1 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz
ARDUINO UNO USB CABLE

2.2.2 LCD DISPLAY (16 X 2)

A 16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen display is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. It means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this
LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix.
This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
Command: It stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to
LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling
display etc.
Data: The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the
character to be displayed on the LCD. Click to learn more about internal structure of a LCD.
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN NO NAME FUNCTION
1 VSS Ground voltage

2 VCC +5v

3 VEE Contrast voltage

4 RS Register select

5 R/W Read/write, to choose read or write mode

6 E Enable

7 DB0 Data bit 0(LSB)

8 DB1 Data bit 1

9 DB2 Data bit 2

10 DB3 Data bit 3

11 DB4 Data bit 4

12 DB5 Data bit 5

13 DB6 Data bit 6

14 DB7 Data bit 7(MSB)

15 LED+ Backlight VCC(5V)

16 LED- Backlight Ground(0V)

2.2.3 IR SENSOR MODULE


Sensors in electronic devices make our life easy by automatically sense and control the devices, without
human interaction.IR sensor is very popular sensor, which is used in many applications in electronics, like it
is used in remote control system, motion detector, product counter, line follower robots, alarms etc.
IR sensor basically consist an IR LED and a Photodiode, this pair is generally called IR pair. IR sensor works on
the principle in which IR LED emits IR radiation and Photodiode sense that IR radiation.
Components Required

For IR Transmitter
1.NE555 Timer IC
2.18 Kilo ohm Resistor (1/4 W)
3.1 Kilo ohm Resistor (1/4 W)
4.220 ohm Resistor (1/4 W)
5.1 nF Ceramic Capacitor (Capacitor Code 102)
6.10 nF Ceramic Capacitor (Capacitor Code 103)
7.IR LED
8.Push Button
9.Breadboard 10.Connecting
Wires
11.Power Supply.

DESCRIPTION
NE555 TIMER IC
NE555 IC is a 8 pin device. The important electrical characteristics of timer are that it should not be
operated above 15V, it means the source voltage cannot be higher than 15v. Second, we cannot draw more
than 100mA from the chip. If don't follow these, IC would be burnt and damaged. It is used to provide time
delays.
IR LED
IR LED is a special type of LED that emits Infrared rays of the Electromagnetic Spectrum. The wavelength
of Infrared Rays is greater than that of Visible light and hence they are invisible to human eye.
A typical IR LED emits infrared rays in a wavelength range of 740 – 760 nm. There are many sources of
infrared light like sun, light bulbs, and human body etc.,.
CERAMIC CAPACITOR
It is a fixed value capacitor in which ceramic material acts a s the dielectric.It is constructed of two or more
alternating layers of ceramic and a metal layer acting as the electrodes
CIRCUIT.

For IR Receiver

1.TSOP 1738
2.LED
3.220 OHM Resistor (1/4 W)
4.BC558 PNP Transistor
5.10 KILO OHM Resistor (1/4 W)
6.Breadboard
7.Connecting Wires
8.Power supply
Description
TSOP 1738 IR Receiver

TSOP 1738 is an IR Receiver for IR (Infrared) remote controls. It consists of Photo Detector, Gain Control,
Band Pass Filter, Demodulator and a Pre – amplifier in a single package. TSOP17XX series of IR Receivers
are very common for all types of transmission codes supporting different modulating techniques like RC6,
RC5, NEC, Sony, etc.
TSOP 1738 in particular supports a carrier frequency of 38 KHz and the output of this IR Receiver can be
directly connected to a microcontroller or a microprocessor. TSOP 1738 has three pins namely GND, VS and
OUT. The following image shows the pin out of TSOP 1738.
Some of the other characteristics of TSOP 1738 are high immunity to ambient light, active low output,
low power consumption, continuous data transmission and compatibility with TTL as well as
CMOS.
BC558 TRANSISTOR
It is a general purpose PNP transistor. It is used in switching and amplifier applications. And it is used in
common emitter configuration for amplifiers.

CIRCUIT

2.2.4 TRANSISTOR

Pin Description

Pin Number Pin Name Description


1 Collector Current flows in through collector
2 Base Controls the biasing of transistor
3 Emitter Current Drains out through emitter

2.2.5 BATTERY

It is a 9v battery. And it has about 600mAh capacity.And this can supply 500 milliamps for one hour before
being dead.
2.2.6 JUMPERS
A jumper wire is an electrical wire or group of them in a cable with a connector at each end, which is
normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard, internally or with other equipment or
components, without soldering.

2.2.7 LCD CONNECTOR


A 16 pin connector is used to connect to LCD display.
CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 3
PROJECT WORK PART
3.1 INTERFACE AN LCD WITH ARDUINO
The 16x2 LCD used in this experiment has a total of 16 pins.
PIN NO LCD ARDUINO
1 VSS
GND
2 VDD 5V
3 CONTRAST RESISTOR TO GND
4 RS PIN0
5 R/W GND
6 ENABLE PIN1
7 DB0 NOT CONNECTED
8 DB1 NOT CONNECTED
9 DB2 NOT CONNECTED
10 DB3 NOT CONNECTED
11 DB4 PIN 2
12 DB5 PIN3
13 DB6 PIN 4
14 DB7 PIN 5
15 LED+ 5V
16 LED- GND
3.2 FLOW CHART

3.3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM


3.4 DESCRIPTION
The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR signal and at the receiver we use TSOP which acts as
infrared receiver. In this the output will going to be increased when there is an interruption and it goes low
when there is no interruption.Here input is given to port 4(A0) of the arduino.And port 8 to 13 is udes for
display purpose.In this circuit two IR sensors are used for increment and decrement purpose.If any
interruption has been observered by the IR sensor then the incrementation has been observed and th other
sensor detects then the decrementation has been takes place.The count has been shown in LCD display.The
IR sensor input is defined as increment and decrement by using certain code.The first sensor is blocked and
gives a high voltage signals and the value got increased.Intially the count has been set as 0.And the value has
been decreased by second sensor.Every time the count displayed in LCD.
3.5 CODING
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(13,12,11,10,9,8);
#define in 14
#define out
19 int
count=0; void
IN() {
count++;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Person In Room:");
lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print(count);
delay(1000);
} void
OUT()
{ count--; lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Person In Room:");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(count);
delay(1000);
}
void setup()
{ lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.print("Visitor Counter");
delay(200);
pinMode(in,INPUT);
pinMode(out,INPUT);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Person In Room:");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(count);
} void
loop()
{
if(digitalRead(in))
IN();
if(digitalRead(out))
OUT();
}
3.6 WORKING
1)The IR sensor continuously senses the present of any obstacle.
2)If sensor 1 senses a person, it informs the controller that a person has entered so that controller ca
increment the count.
3)And it gives a delay of 1sec so that the person can cross the sensor 2 and the count is maintained correctly.
4)When a person exists, the sensor 2 informs the controller to decrement the count.And it also provides a
delay of 1 se to maintain the count properly.
5)The count is displayed on the LCD.

CHAPTER 4
4.1ADVANTAGES
• Low cost
• Easy to use.
• It can be implemented in single door.
• It is used for counting purpose.

4.2 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED


It is used when one person cuts the rays of the sensor hence cannot be used when two or more
persons cross the door simultaneously.

4.3 APPLICATIONS
• For counting purpose.
• It can be used at homes and other places to keep a check on the number of persons entering a secured
place.

CHAPTER 5
5.1 FUTURE SCOPE
• By using this we can implement automatic room light and fans control.
• By using relay and giving proper power supply to the circuit it can be implemented.
• By using two relays we can achieve a task of opening and closing the door automatically.
5.2 CONCLUSION
In our project we have designed a Bi-Directional Visitor Counter.It can be used every common man
to any organisation.If this was used in auditorium halls or at seminar halls at schools and colleges then the
track record of the persons attending the seminar hall will give the exact idea about the no. of candidates
attending and leaving the seminar.
We will be highly obliged to prof.satyanarayan padhy for giving this opportunity and support.
5.3 REFERENCE
• https://www.arduino.cc
• https://circuitdigest.org
• www.electronics hub.org https://learn.adafruit.com
• www.electronicsforyou.com

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