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    New Techniques - Ultrasonic Inverse Wave Extrapolation

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    Richard Yentumi
    New inspection techniques like IWEX (inverse wave field extrapolation) and tomographic imaging are being developed. IWEX uses a phased array probe where each element is excited sequentially to generate 3D ultrasonic data that is processed using an inverse algorithm to produce 2D and 3D images of defects, revealing their shape and orientation at potentially half the wavelength resolution of standard phased arrays. Commercial IWEX systems are now available from companies like Applus RTD to inspect welds and detect lack-of-fusion defects in 3D.

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    New Techniques - Ultrasonic Inverse Wave Extrapolation

    Uploaded by

    Richard Yentumi
    69 views16 pages
    New inspection techniques like IWEX (inverse wave field extrapolation) and tomographic imaging are being developed. IWEX uses a phased array probe where each element is excited sequentially to generate 3D ultrasonic data that is processed using an inverse algorithm to produce 2D and 3D images of defects, revealing their shape and orientation at potentially half the wavelength resolution of standard phased arrays. Commercial IWEX systems are now available from companies like Applus RTD to inspect welds and detect lack-of-fusion defects in 3D.

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    New techniques - ultrasonic inverse wave extrapolation

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    New inspection techniques like IWEX (inverse wave field extrapolation) and tomographic imaging are being developed. IWEX uses a phased array probe where each element is excited sequentially to generate 3D ultrasonic data that is processed using an inverse algorithm to produce 2D and 3D images of defects, revealing their shape and orientation at potentially half the wavelength resolution of standard phased arrays. Commercial IWEX systems are now available from companies like Applus RTD to inspect welds and detect lack-of-fusion defects in 3D.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    69 views16 pages

    New Techniques - Ultrasonic Inverse Wave Extrapolation

    Uploaded by

    Richard Yentumi
    New inspection techniques like IWEX (inverse wave field extrapolation) and tomographic imaging are being developed. IWEX uses a phased array probe where each element is excited sequentially to generate 3D ultrasonic data that is processed using an inverse algorithm to produce 2D and 3D images of defects, revealing their shape and orientation at potentially half the wavelength resolution of standard phased arrays. Commercial IWEX systems are now available from companies like Applus RTD to inspect welds and detect lack-of-fusion defects in 3D.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 16

    New Inspection Techniques

    Ultrasonic Inverse Wave Field Extrapolation


    IWEX

    Offshore Inspection

    20015/16
    David Yapp

    1
    New Techniques in inspection

     New technologies are being developed for inspection


    • X-ray tomography / TomoCAR and Rayscan 3D
    • Full matrix capture ultrasonics / IWEX
    • 3-D flaw reconstruction
     IWEX, inverse wave field extrapolation, is based on seismic
    exploration, where sound waves are generated at earth surface
    by a matrix of explosive charges, and resulting signal captured
    by matrix of geophones
     The mathematics of inverse wave field extrapolation is based on
    the Rayleigh II integral, and was developed 50 years ago
     Inspection using this technique has been made possible by
    developments in ultrasonic transducers and microprocessors

    2
    IWEX Principle

    One element of a
    phased array is fired,
    and resulting signals
    captured by all other
    elements

    3
    IWEX Principle

    Each element is fired


    sequentially. In the IWEX
    method, the wave field recordings
    are extrapolated back into space
    towards all points. If at one of
    those points, a scatterer is
    present, the backwards
    extrapolated wave field has a
    high amplitude, and will give a
    high contribution to that location
    in the image. If that is done for all
    points in the image, the location
    and shape of the scatterer can be
    determined

    4
    IWEX Principle

    Each element of a of a phased array probe is excited sequentially,


    and signals from all other probes are captured. Hence for a scan at
    one position with a 64 element probe, 64X64 data sets are
    generated

    Probe is move to create 3-D information. Data is processes by


    IWEX algorithm to generate 2-D images and 3-D images
    5
    3-D reconstruction

    3-D reconstruction from multiple


    2-D images

    6
    IWEX set-up for weld inspection

     Wedges on both sides of the weld


     Better sizing accuracy – potentially λ/2 vs. λ for phase arrays
     Interrogates whole weld – not just fusion boundary
    7
    2D image of artificial defect

    mm

    2D image of weld, indicating defect size and orientation,


    plus top and bottom surfaces
    8
    IWEX performance

    Shape and orientation of defects can be revealed


    9
    IWEX performance

    Test plate manufactured with 3 mm high artificial


    defects in different positions and orientations
    10
    IWEX performance

    11
    0.5 mm drilled holes (8 MHz probe)

    12
    3D lack-of-sidewall-fusion defect after
    software rendering

    13
    Applus RTD IWEX

    Commercial equipment now available from RTD

    14
    Conclusions
     IWEX enables shape and orientation of defects to be revealed,
    plus shape of root and cap in welds.
     Resolution potentially is λ/2 vs. λ for phased arrays
     Whole area can be interrogated, rather than just focussing on
    fusion boundaries in welds – hence POD (probability of
    detection) is higher
     IWEX can provide appropriate data for ECA (Engineering
    Critical Analysis). Need for high level interpretation skills
    reduced
     RTD IWEX system first available commercially in 2014. Other
    systems in development by other companies

    15
    Resources

     Applus RTD web site http://www.applusrtd.com/ (IWEX)


     Wassink, C H P., Schouten, J J., Chougrani, K., van den Ent, J.,
    “Initial qualification results for weld assessment using inverse
    wave field extrapolation”, Pipeline Technology Conference, 7 –
    8 October 2103, Ostend, Belgium. Tiratsoo Technical.
     Deleye, X., Horchens, L., Chougrani, K, “Experimental
    comparison of wave-field based ultrasonic imaging with other
    advanced ultrasonic weld inspection techniques”, 18th World
    conference on Non-destructive testing, 16 – 18 April 2012,
    Durban, South Africa
     TWI website www.twi.co.uk (“Full matrix capture”)

    16

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