KLEF

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

MATHEMATICS FOR ENGINEERS

I/IV, B.Tech – II Semester
A.Y.2019-2020
SESSIONWISE PROBLEMS

Course Code : 19MT1201

L-T-P-S structure : 3-0-0-0
Credits : 3
COURSE OUTCOME 1
Session 1 LU- Decomposition Method
Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

1. Ace Novelty wishes to produce three types of souvenirs: types A, B, and C. To manufacture
a type-A souvenir requires 1 minutes on machine I, 2 minute on machine II, and 3 minutes on
machine III. A type-B souvenir requires 2 minute on machine I, 3 minutes on machine II, and
4 minute on machine III. A type-C souvenir requires 3 minute on machine I and 4 minutes on
machines II and 1 minute on machine III. There are 14 min available on machine I, 20 min
available on machine II, and 14 min available on machine III for processing the order. How
many souvenirs of each type should Ace Novelty make in order to use all of the available time,
write the mathematical formulation to the problem and solve it by using LU decomposition
method.

Home Work Problems

1. Ram, Raj, and Ravi go to a restaurant for lunch and order three different items. Ram
orders 2 plates of fried rice, 3 plates of chicken pieces and 1-plate of curd rice. Raj
orders 1 plate of fried rice, 2 plates of chicken pieces and 3 plates of curd rice. Ravi
orders 3 plates of fried rice, 1 plate of chicken pieces and 2 plates of curd rice. Ram’s
bill costs $9, Raj’s costs $6, and Ravi’s costs $8. Determine plate cost of each item,
write the mathematical formulation to the problem and solve it by using factorization
method.

2. Solve the following by using LU-decomposition method :

3x  2 y  7 z  4, 2 x  3 y  z  5,3x  4 y  z  7

Session 2: Taylor’s series for functions of two variables

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

1. Apply Taylor’s series to expand f(x,y)=x2-xy+y2 in powers of (x-1)and (y-2)

2. Expand the function f(x,y) =exlog(1+y) in terms of x and y up to the terms of second
degree using Taylor’s series
 3. Expand f ( x, y )  sin x cos y in powers of x and y upto the terms of second degree
Home Work
1. Express the Taylor’s series expansion for f(x,y) = x2y+3y-2 in powers of (x-1)
&(y+2)
2. Write the expansion of f ( x, y)  x  y  xy in powers of (x-1) and (y-2) by using
3 3

Taylor’s series

Session 3: Maxima and minima of functions of two variables

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

1. Determine the maximum and minimum of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 4.

2. Divide 24 into two parts such that the continued product of the first and square of
second is maximum.
3. A rectangular box open at the top is to have volume of 32 cubic feet. Find the
dimensions of the box requiring least material for its construction.
Home Work
1. Determine the maximum and minimum of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 12.
2. An electronics manufacture determines that the profit P (in dollars) obtained by
producing and selling x units of a DVD player and y units of a DVD recorder is
approximated by the model 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) = 8𝑥 + 10𝑦 − (0.001)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) −
10,000.Determine the production level that produces maximum profit and also obtain
the maximum profit.
3. The profit obtained by producing x units of product A and y units of product B
approximately modeled by P( x, y)  8x  10 y  0.001( x  xy  y ) .Estimate the
2 2

production level that produces a maximum profit.

Session 4 Evaluate double integrals
Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

3 2

  x  x  y  dydx
x 0 y 1
1. Evaluate the integral
2. Use double integration to find ∬ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 over the positive quadrant of the circle
x2+y2=a2
3. Sketch the region R in the xy-plane bounded by the curves y  x and y  x find its
2

area.

Home Work
1. Determine the area of the region bounded by the Parabolas y2 = x and x2 = y.
2 𝑥
2. Evaluate∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
3. Evaluate the area of the region bounded by x-axis, x=2a and the curve x2=4ay.

Session-5 Evaluate double integrals by the change of order of integration

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room
𝑎 𝑎
1. Change the order of integration and hence evaluate ∫0 ∫𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
 a a2  y 2

  x  y 2  dydx
2

2. Evaluate 0 0 by changing to polar coordinates.

𝑎 𝑎 𝑥
3. Evaluate ∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑥=𝑦 (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 by changing to polar coordinates.

Home work
1 1 x 2

  y dx dy.
1. Apply change the order of integration and evaluate 0 0

4a 2 ax

  dy dx.
2. Evaluate the integral by reversing the order of integration 0 x 2 /4 a

3. Compute the integral

 xy dxdy over
R the quarter circle [use Polar or Cartesian]
R   x, y  : 0  x, 0  y, x  y  1 2 2

1 y

4. Evaluate the iterated integral by converting to polar coordinates 

0 y
x 2  y 2 dxdy

over the region R bounded by the circle x  y  9 in the first quadrant.

2 2

Session-6 Evaluate triple integrals

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

1 1 1

Evaluate    x 2 yz dx dy dz
1. x 0 y 0 z 0

1 x x y

   ( x  y  z) dz dy dx
x 0 y 0 z 0
2. Evaluate
3. Determine the volume of the region bounded by the plane x + y + z = 8 that lies in
the first octant.
4. Evaluate the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the planes x=0,y=0,z=0,x+y+z=1.

Home Work
a x x y

1. Evaluate   
0 0 1
e x y  z dx dy dz
y
9 3 y 2 9 x 2

  
y 0 x 0 z 0
zdzdxdy
2. Evaluate Obtain the triple integral

3. Evaluate the following integral.

 8xyz dV ,
B where
B : 2  x  3,1  y  2 and 0  z 1

Vector Calculus
Session No: 7: Scalar and vector point functions, Gradient, Directional Derivative,
Divergence and Curl
Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

1. Determine a vector normal to the surface at (1, 1, -1)

2. The temperature at the point  x, y, z  in space is given by T  x, y, z   x  y  z. A
2 2

mosquito located at  4, 4, 2  desires to fly in such a direction that it gets cooled faster.
Determine the direction in which it should fly.
3. Obtain the directional derivative of   xy  yz  zx at A in the direction of AB where
A= (1,2,-1) , B=(1,2,3) .
4. Find and Curl where .
Home Work

1. Find a vector normal to the surface at the points (2,2,3).

2. If T is the temperature field given by𝑇 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 + 𝑥𝑧 2 , compute the gradient of
temperature T at the point .
3. Evaluate the angle between the normal’s to the surface at the points
.
4.
5. Find the constants a, b and c if the vector
is irrotational.
6. Determine p, if F   x  3 y  i   y  2 z  j   x  pz  k is solenoid.

7. Obtain the curl and divergent of the vector field  

V  x 2 y 2  z 3 i  2 xyz j  e xyz k
Session No: 8 LINE INTEGRAL
Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

1. Obtain the work done in moving a particle in the force field F = (3x+6y)I – 14yz J+ 20
xz2 K , along (i) the straight line from 0,0,0 to (1,1,1) (ii)the curve defined by
x 2  4 y,3x 3  8z from x  0 to x =1
2. Using the line integral, compute the work done by the force F = 3xy I-5z J +10x K when
it moves a particle from the point 0,0,0 to the point  2,1,1 along the curve x = t, y =
t2 +1, z = t3 from t = 0 to t = 1
Home Work

 ( xy  z
2
)dz
1. Evaluate C where C is the arc of the helix x  cos t , y  sin t , z  t which
joins the points 1,0,0 and  1,0,  .
  F .d r
2. Evaluate C where F  xy i   4 x  2 y  j and C is the line segment from
 4, 3 to  7,0.
 F .d r    
F  x3  y i  x 2  7 x j
and C is the portion of y  x  2
3
3. Evaluate C where
from to .

SESSION – 9 GREEN’S THEOREM IN THE PLANE

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room
1) Apply Green’s theorem to evaluate the integral ∫𝑐 [(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦] where C is
bounded by y=x and y=x2.

2) Evaluate ∫𝐶 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑦 = ±1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = ±1
Home Work

1. Apply Green’s theorem to evaluate the integral ∫𝑐 (2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 +

𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 where C is the boundary of the area enclosed by the x-axis and upper half of
the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 .
 [( y  sin x)dx  cos x dy]
2. Apply Green’s theorem, evaluate C where C is the plane
triangle
2
x
Enclosed by the lines y =0, x = π/2 and y  
.
3. A Vector Field is given by F  Sin y i  x(1  Cos y ) j Evaluate the line integral over
the circular path x  y  a , z  0. by using Green’s Theorem.
2 2 2

Session 10 Surface Integrals

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room
S A.Nds
where A  zi  xj  3 y zk and S is the surface of the cylinder
2
1) Evaluate
x 2  y 2  16, included in the Ist octant between Z = 0 and Z = 5
3
 F .Nds  2
where F  4 xzi  y j  yzk and `S’ is the surface of the
2
2) Show that S
cube bounded by the planes x=0,x=1,y=0,y=1 and z=0,z=1.

Home Work

 F .Nds
, where F  2 yxi  yzj  x k , over the surface, S of the cube
2
1. Evaluate S
bounded by the coordinate planes and planes x=a, y=a and z=a.
 2. Evaluate the flux of the vector field A   x  2 z  i   x  3 y  z  j   5x  y  k
through the upper side of the triangle ABC with vertices at the points A
(1,0,0),B(0,1,0) and C(0,0,1).

 A.Nds
3. Evaluate S where A  18 zi  12 j  3 yk and S is that part of the plane
2x+3y+6z=12 which is located in the first octant.
F  yz i  zx j  xy k ,   F  N dS
4. If evaluate over the surface
x  y  z  1in the first octant.
2 2 2

SESSION-11 STOKE’S THEOREM

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room
  
1. Apply Stoke’s theorem to evaluate ∫𝑐 𝐹. 𝑑𝑟 where F  ( x  y )i  2 xyj where C is the
2 2

boundary of the rectangle bounded by the lines x = ±a, y = 0, y = b.

 [( x  y)dx  (2 x  z)dy  ( y  z)dz ]

2. Using Stoke’s theorem evaluate C where C is the
boundary of the triangle with vertices (2,0,0), (0,3,0) and (0,0,6)
Home Work
1. Apply Stokes theorem for the function 𝐹̿ = 𝑥 2 𝑖 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑗⃐ integrated round the square in
the plane z=0 whose sides are along the lines x=0, y=0, x=a, y=a.
2. Using Stoke’s theorem evaluate the integral ∫𝑐 𝐹. 𝑑𝑟 where
𝐹 = 2𝑦 2 𝑖 + 3𝑥 2 𝑗 − (2𝑥 + 𝑧)𝑘 where C is the boundary of the triangle whose vertices are
(0, 0, 0),(2, 0, 0),(2, 2, 0).

Ordinary Differential Equations and its applications

Session 12 The laws of natural growth and decay
1. A bacteria culture initially contains 100 cells and grows at a rate proportional to its size.
After an hour the population has increased to 420. a) Find an expression for the number of
bacteria after t hours. b) Find the number of bacteria after 3 hours. c) When will the population
reach 10,000? D)Find the rate of growth after 3 hours.
2. A radioactive material has an initial mass 100mg. After two years it is left to 75mg. Find
the amount of the material at any time. What is the period of its half-life?

3.If in a reactor Uranium losses 10% of its weight within one day, what is the half life? How
long would it take for 99% of the original amount to disappear?
Home Work
 1. If the growth rate of the number of bacteria at any time t is proportional to the
number of bacteria present at t and doubles in 1 week, how many bacteria can
be expected after 2 weeks? After 4 weeks?
2. The half-life of a certain radioactive material is 85 days. An initial amount of
the material has a mass of 801 kg. Write an exponential function that models
the decay of this material remains after 10 days.
3. A radioactive isotope has an initial mass 400mg, which two years later is
100mg. Then determine the value k of the decay problem.
Session 13 Newton’s law of cooling
1. A body kept in air with temperature 250C cools from 1400 C to 800 C in 20 min. Obtain
the time period, when the body cools down to 350 C.
2. A metal ball is heated to a temperature of 100oC and at time𝑡 = 0, it is placed in water
which is maintained at 40°C. If the temperature of the body is reduced to 60°C in 4
minutes, find the time at which the temperature of the ball is 50°C.
3. If the temperature of a cake is 3000F when it leaves the oven and is 2000F ten minutes
later, when will it be practically equal to the room temperature of 600F say, when will
it be 610F ?
4. A cup of coffee (temperature = 190°F) is placed in a room whose temperature is 70°F.
After five minutes, the temperature of the coffee has dropped to 160°F. How many
more minutes must elapse before the temperature of the coffee is 130°F?
Home Work
1. A thermometer, reading 50C, is brought in a room whose temperature is 220C. One
minute later the thermometer reading is 120C.How long does it take until the reading is
practically 220C, say 21.90C?
2. The body of a murder victim was discovered at 8.00pm. The doctor took the
temperature of the body at 8.30pm. Which was 94.6°F. He again took the temperature
after one hour when it was showed 93.4°F, and noticed that the temperature of the
room was 70°F. Estimate the time of death. (Normal temperature of human body
98.6°F).
3. A hard-boiled egg at 70°C is put in a pan under running 20°C water to cool. After 5
minutes, the egg’s temperature is found to be 50°C. How much longer will it take the
egg to reach 30°C.

Linear differential equations of higher order with constant coefficient

Session: 14 Solution of higher order homogeneous ODE with constant coefficients

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

1. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at t = 0.01 s when inductance
1 H, resistance 5, capacitance (1/6) F, Electromotive force is 0 V, q (0) =3 C, and i (0) =0 A.
2.Determine charge q and current i in the LRC circuit with inductance 1H,resistance 8 ohms,
capacitance (1/16)F, E(t)=0, and the initial conditions are q(0)=0, i(0)=1.
3. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LC series circuit at t when L = 2 h, C= 0.005 F,
E (t) = 0 V, q(0) =5 C, and i(0) =0 A.
Home Work

d2y dy
3
 2y  0
, given that y(0) = 0, y (0)  1
2 dx
1. Solve the dx
2. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at t when inductance 1
H, resistance 2 and capacitance 1/37 F, E(t)= 0 V, q(0) =2 C, and i(0) =0 A.
3. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at t when inductance 1
H, resistance 4, capacitance 0.25 F, E(t)= 0 V, q(0) =5 C, and i(0) =0 A.

Session: 15 Solution of Second and higher order Differential equations

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room
1. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at t = 0.01 s when
inductance 1 H, resistance 13, capacitance 0.025 F, E(t)= e2t V, q(0) =5 C, and i(0) =0
A.
2. Determine charge q and current i in the LRC circuit with inductance 0.5H, resistance
10 ohms, capacitance 0.02F, , and the initial conditions are q(0)=0, i(0)=1, E(t)=e5t +4

3. Determine the charge on the capacitor in an LRC series circuit at t when inductance 1
H, resistance 10, capacitance 0.04 F, E (t) = cos3t V, q(0) =5 C, and i(0) =0 A.
Home Work
1. Determine charge q and current i in the LRC circuit with inductance 2H, resistance 36
ohms, capacitance (1/144)F, E(t)=2+e2t, and the initial conditions are q(0)=0, i(0)=1.
2. Determine charge q and current i in the LRC circuit with inductance 0.5H, resistance 6
ohms, capacitance (1/16)F, E(t)=sinht , and the initial conditions are q(0)=0, i(0)=1.
3. Determine the steady-state charge and the steady-state current in an LRC series circuit
when inductance 1 H, resistance 2 ohms capacitance 0.25 F, and E (t) =50 cos (t+5) V.

Session16 Applications of second order ODE

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room
1. The motion of a mass on a certain vertical spring is described by
2
d x dx
 10  21x  e 2t  5, with x(0 )  0 and x (0)  2
2 dt
dt , where x is the distance of the mass
from the equilibrium position, downward being taken as positive direction. Determine the
displacement of the motion.
2. The motion of a mass on a certain vertical spring is described by
2
d x dx
 32 x  e (5t  3) , with x(0 )  1 and x (0)  2
 12
2 dt
dt , where x is the distance of the mass
from the equilibrium position, downward being taken as positive direction. Determine the
displacement of the motion.
Home Work
1. The motion of a mass on a certain vertical spring is described by
10 y  100 y  90 y  0, y  0  0.16, y  0  0 , where y is the distance of the mass from the
 equilibrium position, downward being taken as positive direction. Determine the
displacement of the motion
2. The motion of a mass on a certain vertical spring is described by
x  16x  64x  0, x  0  0.33, x  0  0 , where x is the distance of the mass from the
equilibrium position, downward being taken as positive direction. Determine the
displacement of the motion.

COURSE OUTCOME 2
Session 17 Laplace Transforms
Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

L (2t  5) 2 
1. Determine

L e2t sinh t 
2. Determine

3. Determine L t sin 2t 

L t 2 e 2t 
4. Apply first shifting property and Determine

Home Work
1. Determine the following :
(a) 𝐿 [𝑒 2𝑡 + 3𝑒 −5𝑡 ].
(b) 𝐿 [3𝑒 5𝑡 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡].
(c) 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 6𝑡 + 3 𝑒 −5𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑡].
(d) 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡].
(e) 𝐿 [𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑡. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡].
(f) 𝐿 [𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡. 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡].
(g) 𝐿 [(𝑡 + 1)2 ].
(h) 𝐿 [5𝑒 8𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ3𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡].
(i) 𝐿 [𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ].
(j) 𝐿 [𝑒 (3𝑡+5) ]

Session 18 Inverse Laplace transforms

Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room
 1 1 s 
L1    2 
1. Find  s  3 s s  4 
 2s  3 
L1  2
2. Find  s  4s  13 

 1 
L1  
3. Find   s  1 s  3 
 s2
L1 ( )
4. By Convolution theorem find ( s 2  a 2 ) ( s 2  b2 )

Home Work
1
1. Find the inverse Laplace transform of (𝑠+1)(𝑠2 +1) by Convolution theorem.
𝑠2
2. Find the inverse Laplace transform of 2 2
by Convolution theorem.
(𝑠2 +𝑏 )
1
3. Using Convolution theorem, find the Laplace transform of .
𝑠(𝑠2 +𝑎2 )
𝑠
4. Find 𝐿−1 [(𝑠2 +4)2 ] using Convolution theorem.

Session 19
Application of Laplace Transforms to solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations:
Problems for discussion by the faculty in the class room

1. Solve y  y  0 given that y  0  1 , y  0   0 using Laplace transform



2. Solve y"+4y' +3y = et with initial conditions y(0) = 0, y'(0) = 2

3. The motion of a mass on a certain vertical spring is described by

10 y  100 y  90 y  0, y  0  0.16, y  0  0 , where y is the distance of the mass from the

equilibrium position, downward being taken as positive direction. Determine the

displacement of the motion by using Laplace transform.

Home Work

1. A particle moves along a line so that its displacement x from a fixed point O at any time
t is
given by 𝑥 ′′ + 4𝑥′ + 5𝑥 = 80𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑡, if the particle starts from rest initially, find its
displacement at any time, t>0.
2. A resistance R in series with inductance 𝐿 is connected with e.m.f 𝐸(𝑡). The
𝑑𝑖
current 𝑖(𝑡) in time 𝑡 is given by 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑅𝑖 = 𝐸(𝑡). If the switch is connected at
𝑡 = 0 and disconnected at 𝑡 = 𝑎, find the current 𝑖(𝑡).
3. Solve the following differential equation using Laplace transform
𝑦 + 2𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 , 𝑦(0) = 𝑦 ′ (0) = 0.
′′

Fourier series
Session 20
1. Determine the Fourier series to represent the function f(x)=(π-x)from x= -π to x = π.
2. Construct the Periodic function for the graph in the interval (0, 2π),

(π, π)
 (0, 0) (π,0) (2π, 0)
and then express it as a Fourier Series.
3. Identify the periodic function from the following wave form in the interval (-π, π).

π
π

-4π
Home Work

1. Determine bn in the Fourier series to represent the function e-x from x= 0 to x = 2π.
2. Find a0 and an in the Fourier expansion for the function f(x) = x-x2 ; -1<x <1.
3. Draw the graph for the function f(x) is defined as follows and express as Fourier
series.

Session 21 Even and Odd Functions

1. Compute the Fourier series for the function f(x) =|x| in– π x  π.

2. Compute the Fourier coefficients for the function f(x)=x3-x in -1<x<1 and f(x+2)=f(x).

Home Work

1. Obtain the Fourier series for x2 in the interval    x   .

1 1 1 1 2
2
   ....... 
Hence show that 1- 2 32 4 2 5 2 12
2. Obtain Fourier series for the function f(x) given by

f(x) = 1+ 2x /  ,    x  0

= 1- 2x /  , 0<x< 
Session 22 Half Range Series

1. Find the Fourier series half-range Cosine series for the function f(x)=x, 0<x< 

2. Express Sin x as a Cosine series in 0<x<  .

 3. Find the half-range Sine series for the function f ( x)  x (l  x) for 0  x  l

Home Work

1. Find the half-range Sine series for the following function

f ( x)  x(  x) for 0  x  

2. Find the half-range Cosine series for the following function:

f ( x)  2 x  1 for 0  x  1

3. Show that half range Sine series for f(x) is

8l 2 
1  x 
 n 0
3  (2n  1)
sin (2n  1) 

2
l  where f ( x)  lx  x 2 in (0, l ),
Partial differential equations
Session 23 Elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions
Problems to be discussed by the faculty in the class:
1. Formulate the partial differential equation of the following by eliminating the arbitrary
functions from z= 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑐𝑡) + 𝑔(𝑥 − 𝑐𝑡)
1 
z  y 2  2 f   log y 
2. Formulate the partial differential equation of x  by eliminating the
arbitrary functions
3. Formulate the partial differential equation of all spheres of radius 5 and having their
centre on xy - plane
4. Formulate the partial differential equation of f ( x  y  z, x  y  z )  0 by eliminating the
2 2 2

arbitrary Functions.

Homework Problems:
1. Formulate the partial differential equation of all spheres whose Centre lie on Z-axis and
given by Equation, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + (𝑧 − 𝑎)2 = 𝑏 2 a and b being constants.
2. Formulate the partial differential equation of the following by eliminating the arbitrary Functions
from 𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )
𝑥2 𝑦2
3. Formulate the Partial Differential Equation from the relation 2𝑧 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 by eliminating
the arbitrary constants a, b.
4. Obtain the differential equation of all planes cutting off equal intercepts with x and y axis
5. Formulate the partial differential equation of family of cones having vertex at the origin.

Session 24 Apply Lagrange Method to solve linear differential equations

Problems to be discussed by the faculty in the class:

1. Obtain the solution of partial differential equation 𝑝 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑞 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑦 =𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑧 .
Using
Lagrange’s method
2. Obtain the solution of partial differential equation 𝑥(𝑦 − 𝑧)𝑝 + 𝑦(𝑧 − 𝑥)𝑞 = 𝑧(𝑥 − 𝑦). Using
Lagrange’s method
3. Obtain the solution of 𝑝√𝑥 + 𝑞 √𝑦 = √𝑧 using Lagrange’s method

4. Obtain the solution of partial differential equation x ( y  z ) p  y ( z  x)q  z ( x  y) using

2 2 2

Lagrange’s method
Homework Problems:
1. Obtain the solution of partial differential equation p – q = log (x + y) using Lagrange’s method
2. Obtain the solution of partial differential equation (y + z) p + (x + z) q = x + y using Lagrange’s
method
z z x 2  y 2
( y  x)  ( y  x) 
3. Obtain the solution of partial differential equation x y z using
Lagrange’s method
z z
x( y 2  z 2 )  y( z 2  x 2 )  z ( x 2  y 2 )
4. Obtain the solution of partial differential equation x y

Session 25 Method of Separation of Variables

Problems to be discussed by the faculty in the class:
1. Apply method of Separation of variables to get the solution of the partial differential
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
equation 𝜕𝑥 = 4 𝜕𝑦 = 0 𝑢(0, 𝑦) = 8𝑒 −3𝑦
2. Apply method of Separation of variables to get the solution of the partial differential
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
equation 3 𝜕𝑥 − 2 𝜕𝑦 = 0 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 4𝑒 −𝑥
3. Apply method of Separation of variables to get the solution of the partial differential
equation 𝑢𝑥𝑡 = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 with 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 0
Homework Problems:
1. Apply method of Separation of variables to get the solution of the partial differential equation
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
− 2 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥 2
2. Apply method of Separation of variables to get the solution of the partial differential equation
u u
x2  y2 0
dx dy
3. Apply method of Separation of variables to get the solution of the partial differential equation
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
2𝑥 𝜕𝑥 − 3𝑦 𝜕𝑦 = 0
4. Apply method of Separation of variables to get the solution of the partial differential equation
u u
 2 u 3 x
x t where u( x,0)  6e

Session 26 Laplace Equation in Two Dimensions

1. Obtain all possible solutions of two dimensional Laplace equation under steady state conditions by
method of separation of variables.
2. A infinitely long uniform plate is bounded by two parallel edges and an end at right angles to
them. The breadth is π. This end is maintained at a temperature u0 at all points and other
edges are at zero temperature. Determine the temperature at any point of the plate in the
steady state.

Home Work
 1. Find the steady-state temperature u(x , y) in a square plate 1 m on a side where u(x,
1)= x-x2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and u (x , y)=0 on the other three sides.

CO-3 Probability and Random Variables

Session 27 Baye ‘s Theorem

Problems to be discussed by the Faculty:

1. A box contains 5 red marbles and 4black marbles. Another box contains 3 red marbles
and 6 black marbles. A box is selected at random and a marble is drawn from it.
(a) What is the probability that the marble drawn is red?
(b) If the marble drawn is known to be red what is the probability it came from first
box?
2. At an electronic plant, it is known from past experience that the probability is 0.83 that
a new worker who has attended the company’s training program will meet the
production quota and that the corresponding probability is 0.35 for a new worker who
has not attended the company’s training program. If 80% of all new workers attend the
training program, what is the probability that a new worker will meet the production
quota? If a new worker meets the production quota, what is the probability that he
attended the training programme?

3. The members of a consulting firm rent cars from three rental agencies: 60% from
Agency 1, 30 % from Agency 2 and 10% from Agency 3. If 9% of the cars from
Agency 1 need a tune-up, 20 % of the cars from agency 2 need a tune up and 6% of
the cars from agency 3 need a tune-up,
(a) What is the probability that a rental car delivered to the firm will need a tune -up?
(b) If the car delivered need a turn-up, what is the probability that it was from
(i) agency1 (ii) agency2 (iii) agency3
Home Work
1. In a certain state, 25% of all cars emit excessive amounts of pollutants. If the
probability is 0.99 that a car emitting excessive amounts of pollutants will fail
the state’s emission test, and the probability is 0.17 that a car not emitting
excessive amounts of pollutants will nevertheless fail the test,
(a) What is the probability that a car fails the emission test.
(b) What is the probability that a car that fails the emission test actually emits excessive
amounts of pollutants?
 2. A box contains 4 green marbles and 2 blue marbles and another box contains 3
green marbles and 3 blue marbles. A die is tossed and if the outcome is 1 or 2
first box is selected, otherwise second box is selected and a marble is drawn
from it.
(a) What is the probability that the marble drawn is green?
(b) If the marble drawn is blue, what is the probability that it come from second box
3. The probability that a car accident is due to faulty brakes is 0.04, the
probability that a car accident is correctly attributed to faulty brakes is 0.82,
and the probability that a car accident is incorrectly attributed to faulty brakes
is 0.03. What is the probability that :
a) A car accident will be attributed to faulty brakes;
b) A car accident attributed to faulty brakes was actually due to faulty brakes .

Session 28 RANDOM VARIABLE

Problems to be discussed by the faculty:

1. For each of the following, determine whether the given values can serve as the values
of a probability distribution of a random variable with the range x=1, 2, 3 and 4
(a) f(1) = 0.25, f(2) = 0.75, f(3) = 0.24 and f(4) = -0.25
(b) f(1) = 1/19, f(2) = 10/19, f(3) = 2/19 and f(4) = 4/19
2. Find the value of c so that the following function can serve as the probability
distribution of a random variable
1 𝑥
(a) f(x) = c(4) , x = 1, 2, 3,.........

3. A shipment of 8 similar microcomputers to a retail outlet contains 3 defectives. If a

school makes a random purchase of 2 of these computers, find the probability distribution
for the number of defectives. Also determine the mean and variance of X.
4. Consider the density function

k x , 0  x  1
f ( x)  
 0, elsewhere

a) Evaluate k.
b) Evaluate P(0.3<X<0.6) using the density function
c) Determine mean and variance of X

5. The shelf life ( in hour) of a certain perishable packaged food is a random variable whose
20,000
probability density function is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = {(𝑥+100)3 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0 0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 .

Find the probabilities that one of these packages will have a shelf life of
(a) at least 200 hours, (b) at most 100 hours, (c) anywhere from 80 to 120 hours.
Home work

1. An urn contains four balls numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4. If two balls are drawn from the urn
at random and Z is the sum of the numbers on the two balls drawn, find the probability
distribution of Z.
2. If X has the probability density 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑘𝑒 −3𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0 0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 . Find (i)
k, (ii) P (0.5 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 1) (iii) P(X < 1) and (iv) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1)
𝑐
3. The probability density function of the random variable X is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 ,
√
𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 4 0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 . Find (i) the value of c (ii) P(X<1) and (iii) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 1).

Session 29 BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION AND POISSON DISTRIBUTION

Problems to be discussed by the faculty:
1. The mean and variance of a binomial variable are 5 and 5/2 respectively, find the
values of the parameters n and p.
2. An automobile engineer claims that 1 in 10 automobile accidents are due to driver
fatigue. If a random sample of 5 accidents observed, what is the probability that
(a) 3 accidents are due to drive fatigue, (b) at most 1 due to drive fatigue, (c) at least 4
accidents are due to driver fatigue.
3. In a Poisson distribution with parameter 𝜆, P(X=1) = P(X=2), find the mean and
variance of the distribution.
4. If 2% of the books found at a certain bindery have defective findings. Out of 400
books found by this bindery, what is the probability that
(a) 3 books have defective bindery
(b) at least one book has defective bindery
(c) at most one book has defective bindery
5. The average number of trucks arriving on any one day at a truck depot in a certain
city is known to be 12. What is the probability that on a given day fewer than 2 trucks
will arrive at this depot.
HOME WORK
1) In testing a certain kind of truck tire over a rugged terrain, it is found that 25% of the
trucks fail to complete the test run without a blowout. Of the next 15 trucks tested, what
is the probability that
(a) 3 have blowouts
(b) fewer than 2 have blowouts
(c) more than 14 blowouts.
2) A traffic control engineer reports that 75% of the vehicles passing through a checkpoint
are from within the state. What is the probability that fewer than 4 of the next 9 vehicles
are from out of state?
3. In a certain industrial Facility accident occur infrequently. It is known that the probability
of an accident on any given day is 0.005 and accidents are independent of each other.
a) What is the probability that in any given period of 400 days there will be an accident on
one day.
b) What is the probability that there are at most three days with an accident?
4. In a manufacturing process where glass products are produced, defects or bubbles occur,
occasionally rendering the piece undesirable for marketing. It is known that, on average, 1 in
every 1000 of these items produced has one or more bubbles. What is the probability that a
random sample of 8000 will yield
a) Fewer than 7 items possessing bubbles
b) None will possess a bubble
Session 30 and 31 Normal Distribution
Problems to be discussed by the faculty:
1. Given a Standard Normal distribution, find the area under the curve which lies
a) To the left of z=1.43;
b) to the right of z=-0.89
c) between z=-2.16 and z=-0.65
d) to the left of z=-1.39
e) to the right of z=1.96
f) between z=-0.48 and z= -1.74
2. Given a standard normal distribution find the value of k such that
a)𝑃(𝑧 < 𝑘) = 0.0427;
b)𝑃(𝑧 > 𝑘) = 0.2946;
c) P(-0.93<Z<k)=0.7235.
3. An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs that have a life, before burn out, i.e normally
distributed with mean of 800 hours and standard deviation of 40 hours. Find the
probability that a bulb (a) burns between 778 and 834 hours (b) burns out after 900
hours (c) burns out before 200 hours.
Home work:
1. A research scientist reports that mice will live on average of 40 months when their diets
are sharply restricted and then enriched with vitamins and proteins. Assuming that the
life times of such mice are normally distributed with a standard deviation of 6.3 months,
find the probability that a given mouse will live
a) more than 32 Months b) less than 28 months c) between 37 and 49 months.
Session 31
Problems to be discussed by the faculty:
1)In a photosnapic process, the developing time of prints may be looked upon as a random
variable having the normal distribution with mean 15.40 seconds and standard deviation 0.48
sec. Find the probabilities that the time it takes to develop one of the prints will be
a) atleast 16.00 sec
b) atmost 14.20 sec
c) anywhere from 15.00 to 15.80 sec
2) Suppose that the actual amount of instant coffee that a filling machine puts int6-ounce.
Jans is a random variable having a normal distribution with SD=0.05 ounce. If any 3% of
Jans are to contain less than 6 ounces of coffee,what must be the mean fill of these Jans?
3) A random variable has a normal distribution with SD=10. If the probability that the
random variable will take on a value less than 82.5% is 0.8212. What is the probability that it
will take on a value greater than 58.3?

Home Work
1)If 23% of all patients with high blood pressure have bad side effects from a certain kind of
medicine use the normal distribution to determine the probability that among 120 patients
with high blood pressure treated with this medicine more than 32 will have bad side effects?
2) If the probability is 0.20 that a certain bank will refuse a loan application, use the normal
distribution to determine the probability that the bank will refuse atmost 40 of 225 loan
applications?
3)Suppose that during periods of transcendental meditation the reduction of a person’s
oxygen consumption with mean=37.6cc/min and SD =4.6CC/min. Find the probabilities that
during a period of transcendental meditation a person’s oxygen consumption will be reduced
by
a) atleast 44.5 CC.min
b) atmost 35.0CC/min
c) anywhere from 30.0 to 40.0CC/min

Session 32 INTRODUCTION TO MARKOV PROCESS

1. Classify the following states

1/ 4 3 / 4 
a) P 
1/ 2 1/ 2 

 1 0 
b) P 
1/ 4 3 / 4 

 0 0.5 0 0.5 
c) 0.25 0 0.75 0 
P 
 0 0.3 0 0.7 
 
 0.2 0 0.8 0 
 2. A communication system transmits the two digits 0 and 1, each of them passing through
several stages. Suppose that the probability that the digit that enters remains unchanged
when it leaves, is p and that it changes is q  1  p . Suppose further that X 0 is the
digit which enters the first stage of the system and X n (n  1) is the digit leaving the nth
stage of the system. Show that { X n , n  1} forms a Markov chain. Find P, P2, P3 and
calculate PrX 2  0 / X 0  1 and PrX 3  1 / X 0  0
Home Work
1.Classify the states of the following Markov chains. If a state is periodic, determine its
period.

a) (0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 ) b) (0.5 0.25 0 0 0.25 0 1 0 1/3 0 0 0 1/3 1/3 0 1 )

2. A communication system transmits the two digits 0 and 1, each of them passing through
several stages. Suppose that the probability that the digit that enters remains unchanged when
it leaves, is p and that it changes is q  1  p . Suppose further that X 0 is the digit which enters
the first stage of the system and X n (n  1) is the digit leaving the nth stage of the system. Show
that { X n , n  1} forms a Markov chain. Find P, P2, P3 and calculate PrX 2  0 / X 0  1 and
PrX 3  1 / X 0  0

3. The transition probability matrix of a Markov chain { X n , n  1,2} having three states 1, 2
 0.1 0.5 0.4
P  0.6 0.2 0.2
and 3 is 0.3 0.4 0.3 and the initial distribution is  0  (0.7, 0.2, 0.1) . Find

(i) PrX 2  3

(ii) Pr  X 3  2, X 2  3, X1  3, X 0  2.

Session 33 INTRODUCTION TO MARKOV PROCESS

1. A market survey is made on two brands of breakfast food A and B. Every time a customer
purchases, he may buy the same brand or switch to another brand. The transition matrix is
given below:
To
A B
 A 0.8 0.2
from B 0.6 0.4

At present, it is estimated that 60% of the people buy brand A and 40% buy brand B.
Determine the market shares of brand A and brand B in the steady state.
2. An engineering professor acquires a new computer once every two years. The Professor
can choose from three models: M1, M2 and M3. If the present model is M1, the next
computer can be M2 with probability 0.2 or M3 with probability 0.15. If the present
model is M2, the probabilities of switching to M1 and M3 are 0.6 and 0.25 respectively.
And if the present model is M3, then the probabilities of purchasing M1 and M2 are 0.5
and 0.1 respectively. Represent the situation as a Markov chain.
Home Work
1. A house wife buys three kinds of cereals; A, B and C. She never buys the same cereal
on successive weeks. If she buys cereal A, then the next week she buys cereal B.
However, if she buys either B or C, then the next week she is three times as likely to
buy A as the other brand. Obtain the transition probability matrix and determine how
often she would buy each of the cereals in the long run.
2. A research analyzing brand switching between different airlines, operating on the
Delhi-Mumbai route by frequent fliers. On the basis of the data collected by her, the
researcher has developed the following transition probability matrix.
To airline

AA  0.9 .03 0.07

BB 0.15 0.80 0.05
From airline CC 0.20 0.30 0.50
It is found that currently the airlines AA, BB and CC have 20%, 50% and 30% of the
market respectively.
i) Obtain the market share for each airline in two moths time, and
ii) Calculate the long run market share for each time.

CO 4 Complex Variables
Session 34 Complex functions-Exponential, Logarithmic and Trigonometric functions
Problems to be discussed by the faculty
1. If z is a complex variable, then find the real and imaginary components of exp(z)
2. If z = 2+3i, then evaluate |exp(z)|
3. Given that e  10 e 1 0 find e
2i z iz y

4. If z=x+iy, then find the real and imaginary components of log (z)
5. Find the real and imaginary components of Sin(z)

HOMEWORK
1. Find , the real and imaginary components of exp(z2)
2. If w = f(z) = z2 + 3z, find u and v and then compute f(z) at z = 1 + 3i
 3. If z=x+iy, then identify the real and imaginary components of Cos (z)
(1  i )
4. Evaluate the principal values of (1 i)
i
log ( z ) 
5. Solve for 2
Session 35 The Cauchy-Riemann Equations and Complex Differentiation
Problems to be discussed by the faculty
1. Verify the function e- x(cosy - i siny) is analytic or not?.
f ( z) 2  k
2. Does the function where k is a constant satisfies the CR conditions
3. If u = sin (x) cosh (y) then verify, whether u satisfies the harmonic function or not.
4. If u = x2 - y2 - y then verify whether, u is harmonic or not. If harmonic then find its
conjugate. Then verify whether u and v satisfy CR conditions.
HOMEWORK
1. If u = ax3 +bxy, then under what conditions, 'a' and 'b' satisfy the harmonic
function property..
2. Verify the function f(z)=1/z2 is analytic or not?
3. If f(z)= sinh(z) then verify, whether the CR conditions are satisfied.
4. Verify that exp(z) is an entire function. Using CR equations.
5. Find the real and imaginary parts of an analytic function f(z)=exp(1/z2).

Session 36 Construction of Analytic function by Milne-Thomson method

Problems to be discussed by the faculty
1. Determine the function φ. If w=φ+iΨ represent the complex potential for an electric
field and Ψ= (x2-y2) + x/(x2+y2).
2. An electric field in the xy-plane is given by the potential function φ= 3x2y-y2, find the
stream function ψ if exists.
3. The current in a conductor follows the relation u + i v. If the real part of the potential
function is given by u = e- ycosx, then find 'v'
Session 37
Problems to be discussed by the faculty
1. Find the velocity potential φ, in a two dimensional fluid flow. The stream
function Ψ= -y/x2+y2 is given.
2. Determine p such that the function f(z)= [loge(x2+y2)+itan-1(px/y)]/2 is analytic
and verify whether imaginary component exists if u = [loge(x2+y2)]
3. Does the function e- xcos(y) satisfies the Laplace equation? If so find its Harmonic
conjugate
HOME WORK
1. The stream function in a potential flow is u  x  y . Does 'v' exists ?If so evaluate.
2 2

2. If u =(Coshx)Sin y can its counterpart 'v' can be evaluated. If so evaluate it.

3. Find u and v from w= exp(z2) and verify that the curves u(x,y)=c1 and v(x,y)=c2 are cut
orthogonally or not?.
Session 38 Introduction to Structure of Algebras, Semi groups, Monoids and Groups
Problems to be discussed by the faculty
 1. Is the set I of all integers ……..-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,……is a group with respect to the
operation of addition of integers?
2. Determine whether the set N of all natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ……..is not a group with
respect to addition.
3. Illustrate the set 𝑄𝑜 of all non-zero rational numbers forms a group under the operation
of multiplication of rational numbers.
4. Is the set G = {1, -1} is an abelian group w.r.t. multiplication of real numbers?

Homework problems:
1. Show that the set of positive rational numbers forms an abelian group under the
composition defined by a*b=a b/2.
2. Is the set I of integers …..-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3,…..is a group (i) with respect to
subtraction (ii) with respect to multiplication ?
3. Is the set of even natural numbers is a group (i) under addition (ii) under
multiplication?
4. Let 𝑄+ be the set of all positive rational numbers and * a binary operation on 𝑄+
𝑎𝑏
defined by a*b= 3 . Determine the identity element in 𝑄+ and determine the inverse
of a.
5. Is the set G = {1, -1, i, -i} is an abelian group w.r.t. multiplication of Complex
numbers?

Session 39 Homorphisms of Groups

Problems to be discussed by the faculty

1.) Let g: S  T be an isomorphism of semigroups ( S , ) and (T,  ) , if e is zero
element

of S , Is g(e) zero element of ( T ,  ).

2.) Let G be the multiplicative group of all 2x2 non-singular matrices whose elements
are real numbers and G’ be the multiplicative group of non-zero real numbers. Show that the

mapping  :G  G’ by  (A) = |A|for A  G is homomorphism.

3.) Verify the mapping f:G  G’ such that f(x+iy) = x where G is a group of complex
numbers under addition and G’ is a group of real numbers is isomorphism.
Session 40 Normal subgroups and congruence Relations
Problems to be discussed by the faculty
1. Verify that the ‘congruence modulo m’ is an equivalence relation in the set of integers?
2. Is 17≡-3(mod 5)?

Homework problems:
1. Is 13≡3(mod 5)?
2. Is 17≡3(mod 5)?
Session 41 RINGS
Problems to be discussed by the faculty
1. If R= a, b, c, d ,, is a ring whose operations are given by the following table :

+ a b c d . a b c d

a a b c d a a a a a
b b c d a b a c a c
c c d a b c a a a a
d d a b c d a c a a

Is it a commutative ring? Find the additive inverse of each of its elements.

 
2. If z 2 = {a+b 2 /a,b  z }is a ring with respect to addition and multiplication of
numbers.( z is set of all integers). Determine the additive identity and additive
inverse

3. If I= ,, is a ring , where the operations  and  are defined,

as a  b  a  b  1 and a  b  a  b  ab . For every a, b   .Verify the

ring I is commutative ring with unity are not.

4. Prove that if a, b  R where R,, is a ring, then

a  b 2  a 2  a  b  b  a  b 2 where a 2  a  a .

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