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    Surveying 2 Practical 3

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    Huzefa Ali
    Huzaiifa Ali CALCULATIONS: 1) LATITUDE OF LINE AB = Length x Cosine of Bearing = 71.25 x Cos 243019'30" = 70.00m 2) DEPARTURE OF LINE AB = Length x Sine of Bearing = 71.25 x Sin 243019'30" = 15.00m 3) COORDINATES OF POINT B X = Xa + Latitude = 0 + 70.00 = 70.00m Y = Ya + Departure = 0 + 15.00 = 15.00m Similarly calculate latitudes, departures and coordinates of remaining points. [SUMMARY

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    Surveying 2 Practical 3

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    Huzefa Ali
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    Huzaiifa Ali CALCULATIONS: 1) LATITUDE OF LINE AB = Length x Cosine of Bearing = 71.25 x Cos 243019'30" = 70.00m 2) DEPARTURE OF LINE AB = Length x Sine of Bearing = 71.25 x Sin 243019'30" = 15.00m 3) COORDINATES OF POINT B X = Xa + Latitude = 0 + 70.00 = 70.00m Y = Ya + Departure = 0 + 15.00 = 15.00m Similarly calculate latitudes, departures and coordinates of remaining points. [SUMMARY

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    Surveying 2 practical 3

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    Huzaiifa Ali CALCULATIONS: 1) LATITUDE OF LINE AB = Length x Cosine of Bearing = 71.25 x Cos 243019'30" = 70.00m 2) DEPARTURE OF LINE AB = Length x Sine of Bearing = 71.25 x Sin 243019'30" = 15.00m 3) COORDINATES OF POINT B X = Xa + Latitude = 0 + 70.00 = 70.00m Y = Ya + Departure = 0 + 15.00 = 15.00m Similarly calculate latitudes, departures and coordinates of remaining points. [SUMMARY

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    64 views15 pages

    Surveying 2 Practical 3

    Uploaded by

    Huzefa Ali
    Huzaiifa Ali CALCULATIONS: 1) LATITUDE OF LINE AB = Length x Cosine of Bearing = 71.25 x Cos 243019'30" = 70.00m 2) DEPARTURE OF LINE AB = Length x Sine of Bearing = 71.25 x Sin 243019'30" = 15.00m 3) COORDINATES OF POINT B X = Xa + Latitude = 0 + 70.00 = 70.00m Y = Ya + Departure = 0 + 15.00 = 15.00m Similarly calculate latitudes, departures and coordinates of remaining points. [SUMMARY

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    of 15

    MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING

    AND TECHNOLOGY

    SURVEYING-2 PRACTICAL NO:3


    TOPIC: TO DETERMINE THE LATITUDE
    AND DEPARTURE OF THE LINES AND
    CALCULATE THE COORDINATES OF THE
    LINE.
    SECTION:A
    NAME: HUZAIFA ALI
    ROLL NO: 18CE193
    SUBMITTED TO: MR.SHAHZAIB JAMIL
    OBJECT:
    To determine the latitude and departure of the lines and calculate the coordinates of the line.

    APPARATUS:
    Theodolite,Tape,5 Ranging Rods,Tripod Stand,Field book.

    THEORY:
    In Surveying, one of the primary functions is to describe or establish the positions of points on the
    surface of the earth. One of the many ways to accomplish this is by using coordinates to provide an
    address for the point. Modern surveying techniques rely heavily on 3 dimensional coordinates.In order
    to understand the somewhat complex coordinate systems used in surveying, we must first look at the
    Rectangular Coordinate System (or Cartesian Plane) from basic mathematics. A vertical directed line (y-
    axis) crosses the horizontal directed line (x-axis) at the origin point. This system uses an ordered pair of
    coordinates to locate a point. The coordinates are always expressed as (x,y).The horizontal distance
    from the y-axis to a point is known as the abscissa. The vertical distance from the x-axis is known as the
    ordinate. The abscissa and ordinate are always measured from the axis to the point - never from the
    point to the axis. In surveying, the quadrants are numbered clockwise starting with the upper right
    quadrant and the normal way of denoting coordinates (in the United States) is the opposite (y,x) or
    more appropriately North, East.

    1)LATITUDE: The latitude of a line is its projection on the north-south meridian and is equal to the
    length of the line times the cosine of its bearing.
    2)DEPARTURE: The departure of a line is its projection on the east-west meridian and is equal to the
    length of the line times the sine of its bearing.

    3)COORDINATES SYSTEM: Coordinate systems enable geographic datasets to use common locations for
    integration. A coordinate system is a reference system used to represent the locations of geographic
    features, imagery, and observations such as GPS locations within a common geographic framework.
    Each coordinate system is defined by:

    1)Its measurement framework which is either geographic (in which spherical coordinates are measured
    from the earth's center) or planimetric (in which the earth's coordinates are projected onto a two-
    dimensional planar surface).

    2) Unit of measurement (typically feet or meters for projected coordinate systems or decimal degrees
    for latitude–longitude).

    3) The definition of the map projection for projected coordinate systems.

    4) Other measurement system properties such as a spheroid of reference, a datum, and projection
    parameters like one or more standard parallels, a central meridian, and possible shifts in the x- and y
    directions
    PROCEDURE:
    1)First of all we will do temporary adjustment of theodolite,in first we will do setting up which includes
    two operations1) Centering a theodolite over a station: Done by means of plumb bob. 2). Approximately
    leveling it by tripod legs only: Done by moving tripod legs.

    2) Having centered and approximately leveled the instrument, accurate leveling is done with the help of
    foot screws with reference to the plate levels, so that the vertical axis shall be truly vertical.

    3)After leveling is done we will eliminate the parallex which will be done in two steps by 1)focusing the
    eye-piece.2)by focusing the object.

    4)After successfully adjusted the instrument for finding the latitude and departure and coordinates of a
    line we will need to find bearing with respect to north(W.C.B) and length of them also.

    5)For finding the bearing we will adjust the theodolite to north when the bangle of north by compass
    will come to zero we will lock the theodolite there and then with respect to it will measure bearing of
    station AB,BC,CD,DE,EF by targeting the ranging rods of every station.

    6) when finding bearing s of the each station we will measures distances of each station by tape.

    7)After that we will calculate all these latitudes and departure and coordinates in field book.

    OBSERVATION:

    LINE: LENGTH(m): BEARING(W.C.B):


    AB 71.25m 243⁰19′30″
    BC 91.58 67⁰19′40″
    CD 119.08 135⁰9′40″
    DE 95.25 102⁰50′0″
    EF 101.16 83⁰46′30″

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