Top 7 Methods of Water Treatment
Top 7 Methods of Water Treatment
Top 7 Methods of Water Treatment
The process of treating water may have slight differences at various locations, based on the
plant’s technology as well as the type of water that needs to be treated. Nevertheless, the
basic principals are the same. The following section talks about the standard processes of
water treatment.
Coagulation / Flocculation
Coagulation is adding liquid aluminum sulfate or alum and/or polymer to raw or untreated
water. The resulting mixture causes the dirt particles in the water to coagulate or stick
together. Then, the groups of dirt particles attach together, forming larger particles named
flocs that can easily be removed via filtration or settling.
Sedimentation
When water and flocs undergo the treatment process, they go into sedimentation basins.
Here, water moves slowly, making the heavy floc particles settle to the bottom. Floc that
accumulates on the bottom is known as sludge. This is carried on to drying lagoons. Direct
Filtration does not include the sedimentation step and the floc is just removed by filtration.
Filtration
In filtration, water passes through a filter, which is made to take away particles from the
water. Such filters are composed of gravel and sand or sometimes crushed anthracite.
Filtration gathers together impurities that float on water and boosts the effectiveness of
disinfection. Filters are regularly cleaned by means of backwashing.
Disinfection
Before water goes into the distribution system, it is disinfected to get rid of disease-causing
bacteria, parasites and viruses. Chlorine is also applied since it is very effective.
Sludge Drying
Solids that have been gathered and removed from water via sedimentation and filtration
are transferred to drying lagoons.
Fluoridation
pH Correction
To adjust pH levels, lime is combined with filtered water. This, also, stabilizes naturally soft
water so corrosion can be minimized in the water distribution system and plumbing of
customers.