21BID1101 SNEHA MOR Ass1

Interior services & codes
WATER TREATMENT 21IDT-207

Ar. Shiv dayal
METHODS OF REMOVING
IMPURITIES
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals,
biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water.
The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most
water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking
water). The history of water purification includes a wide variety of
methods. Most people trust an RO Filter or an RO UV Water Purifier
for their drinking water needs, but there are other alternative
methods that you can try.
Here are some of the most effective water purification methods

that have stood the test of time:
• Boiling
• Water Purifier
• Water Chlorination
• Reverse Osmosis
• Distillation
• Solar Purification
• Activated Carbon Filters
BOILING
The simplest method to purify water is to boil it for a good time. High
temperatures cause the bacteria and virus to dissipate, removing all
impurities from the water. In doing so, chemical additions cease to
exist in the water. However, the dead micro-organisms and
impurities settle at the bottom of the water, and boiling does not
help eliminate all the impurities. You must strain the water through a
microporous sieve to completely remove the impurities.
Water Purifier
An electric water purifier is the most trusted form of water
purification found in most houses today. A water purifier uses
a multi-stage process involving UV and UF filtration, carbon
block, and modern water filtration technology that eliminates
most of the chemicals and impurities, making it the purest
drinking water.
DISTILLATION
Distillation is a water purification process involving
collecting the condensed water after evaporation,
ensuring that water is free of contaminants. However,
this isn’t as effective as an RO filter because it is time-
consuming and eliminates minerals
Iodine Addition
Iodine is a red chemical that is easily available as a tablet or a
liquid. It is extremely powerful as it kills bacteria and viruses.
However, it adds an unpleasant taste and can be fatal if taken
in high doses. Therefore, it should only be used if you don’t
have access to a better method of purification like an electric
water purifier.
SOLAR PURIFICATION
An alternative to the UV filtration is solar purification
which involves treating water with the ultraviolet radiation
of the sun. The process involves filling a plastic bottle with
water, shaking it to activate the oxygen and leaving it
horizontally in the sunlight. This effectively kills bacteria
and viruses present in the water, making it safe for
consumption.
Activated Carbon Filter

A filter with granular activated carbon (GAC) is a proven option
to remove certain chemicals, particularly organic chemicals,
from water. GAC filters also can be used to remove chemicals
that give objectionable odors or tastes to water such as
hydrogen sulfide (rotten eggs odor) or chlorine.
INTRODUCTION
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of
water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use .the end use
may be drinking ,industrial water supply ,irrigation ,river flow
maintenance ,water recreation or many other uses , including
being safely returned to the environment.
Treatment for drinking water production involves the removal of

contaminants and /or inactivation of any potentially harmful
microbes from raw water.
REASONS OF WATER TREATMENT
The two main reasons for treating water are 1) to remove
those contaminants that are harmful to health and 2)to
remove contaminants that make the water look ,teste ,or smell
bed . Since many contaminants harmful to health cannot be
seen ,smelled , or tested early water treatment efforts
focused on making the water more appealing to the consumer
or improving the aesthetic qualities of the water .however
,with advances in modern science ,our ability to detect
microorganisms and very low levels of harmful chemicals has
led to advanced treatment technologies to remove health-
related contaminants that may be present in very small
amounts.
OXIDATION
Chemical oxidation is used in water treatment to
aid in the removal of inorganic contaminants such
as iron, manganese , and arsenic to improve
removals of particles by coagulation or to destroy
teste-and odor-causing compounds . oxidation can
also be used prior to coagulation , filtration
,adsorption or sedimentation to improve the
removal of inorganics , particultes , teste ,or odor.
COAGULATION
Coagulation is the chemical water treatment process used to remove solids from water, by
manipulating electrostatic charges of particles suspended in water. This process introduces
small, highly charged molecules into water to destabilize the charges on particles, colloids,
or oily materials in suspension.
There are many coagulants available for wastewater treatment:
• Metals-based coagulants form the largest group of products available; like Aluminum sulfate,
Ferric chloride Polyaluminum chloride and Aluminum chlorohydrate.
• Synthetic coagulants
• Biopolymer coagulants are derived from natural sources. derived from plant sources; like lignin,
tannins, and starches.
FLOCCULATION
Flocculation is a water treatment process where solids form larger
clusters, or flocs, to be removed from water. This process can happen
spontaneously, or with the help of chemical agents. It is a common
method of stormwater treatment, wastewater treatment, and in the
purification of drinking water.
• One of the requirements for treated water leaving wastewater plants is the removal of suspended solids. Small solid
particles affect the color of the water and carry impurities into our natural water sources like rivers and the ocean.
• Phosphorus content must also be limited in wastewater as a release of phosphorus into rivers promotes algae growth.
Uncontrolled releases of phosphorus have been known to cause mass die-offs of fish and other aquatic life.
• Some industrial applications generate high levels of phosphorus in their wastewater, which may even require pre-
treatment before releasing it to wastewater treatment plants.
SEDIMENTATION
Sedimentation is one of the steps water treatment plants use to
separate out solids from the water. During sedimentation, flocs
settle to the bottom of the water because they are heavier than
water.
Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process

using gravity to remove suspended solids from water. Solid
particles entrained by the turbulence of moving water may be
removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes
and oceans.
The purpose of sedimentation is to enhance the filtration

process by removing particulates. Sedimentation is the
process by which suspended particles are removed from the
water by means of gravity or separation. In the sedimentation
process, the water passes through a relatively quiet and still
basin.
FILTRATION
Once the flocs have settled to the bottom of the water, the clear
water on top is filtered to separate additional solids from the
water. During filtration, the clear water passes through filters that
have different pore sizes and are made of different materials
(such as sand, gravel, and charcoal). These filters remove
dissolved particles and germs, such as dust, chemicals, parasites,
bacteria, and viruses. Activated carbon filters also remove any bad
odors.
Reverse osmosis is another filtration method that removes
additional particles from water. Water treatment plants often
use reverse osmosis when treating recycled water (also called
reused water) or salt water for drinking.
DISINFECTION
After the water has been filtered, water treatment
plants may add one or more chemical disinfectants
(such as chlorine, chloramine, or chlorine dioxide) to
kill any remaining parasites, bacteria, or viruses. To
help keep water safe as it travels to homes and
businesses, water treatment plants will make sure the
water has low levels of the chemical disinfectant when
it leaves the treatment plant. This remaining
disinfectant kills germs living in the pipes between the
water treatment plant and your tap.
FLUORIDATION
Fluoridation does not affect the appearance, taste,
or smell of drinking water. It is normally
accomplished by adding one of three compounds to
the water: sodium fluoride, fluorosilicic acid, or
sodium fluorosilicate.
Water fluoridation is the process of adding fluoride to
the water supply so the level reaches approximately
0.7 ppm, or 0.7 milligrams of fluoride per liter of
water; this is the optimal level for preventing tooth
decay.
In general terms the process of fluoridation entails
the adding of fluorides in the water to prevent tooth
decay and other dental problems.
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION
Safe water storage means that once the water has been
treated and is safe to use, it is stored in a container that
protects the water from re-contamination.
Safe storage options fall into three general categories: 1)
existing water storage containers in the home; 2) water
storage containers used in the community and modified
by an intervention program; or, 3) commercial safe
storage containers purchased by the program and
distributed to users
Water distribution systems is one in which the drinking
water is transported from the centralized treatment plant
or well supplies to the service connection or consumers´
taps. These systems aim to preserve the quality and
quantity of water, as well as maintain sufficient pressures
in the distribution of water.
THANK YOU
BY;- SNEHA MOR
21BID1101
sem;- 3

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21BID1101 SNEHA MOR Ass1

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Interior services & codes

WATER TREATMENT 21IDT-207

Here are some of the most effective water purification methods

Activated Carbon Filter

Treatment for drinking water production involves the removal of

There are many coagulants available for wastewater treatment:

Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process

The purpose of sedimentation is to enhance the filtration

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