CURSO de Inglés C1.2 - en A5
CURSO de Inglés C1.2 - en A5
CURSO de Inglés C1.2 - en A5
Welcome to C1.2.
NOTES:
Nuance of the painting’s delicate nuances of color, tone, and texture subtle
nuances of meaning.
3 areas:
Specific contens:
- Grammar
- Emphasis
- Accurate vocabulary (accurate = preciso)
- Idioms
- Connected speech
GRAMMAR
NEUTRAL NUANCED
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If we meet again If we should meet again.
VOCABULARY
Connotations
Added meanings.
NEUTRAL NUANCED
Inexpensive Cheap
Have)
Confident Cocky
Practice:
Unwise (neutral)
Pig-headed – nuanced
Persevering – neutral
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Sheet number 1:
Complete:
Register
Chop Get
IDIOMATIC: Croak Shit sawbones booze
off together
Perspective
Degree
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BOOK: Page 17
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS.
BOOK: Page 20
Speaking:
Choose which relationships from the box below you have had. Put them in
order from the biggest influence on your life to the smallest influence.
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Vocabulary mentioned in class:
Childish: behaving in a silly way that makes you seem much younger than you
really are – used to show disapproval SYN immature.
Childlike: having qualities that are typical of a child, especially positive qualities
such as INNOCENCE and eagerness (very keen and excited about something that
is going to happen or about something you want to do)
Cocky: too confident about yourself and your abilities, especially in a way that
annoys other people: He’s a cocky little man and I don’t like him.
Pigheaded: determined to do things the way you want and refusing to change
your mind, even when there are good reasons to do so SYN stubborn: Never
have I met a woman so obstinate, so pigheaded!
Sever (verb): to cut through something completely, separating it into two parts,
or to become cut in this way SYN cut off:
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Booze: alcoholic drink: a bottle of booze.
Driven: trying extremely hard to achieve what you want. He claims he is not a
driven workaholic (Workaholic: informal someone who chooses to work a lot,
so that they do not have time to do anything else)
Principled:
1 Someone who is principled has strong opinions about what is morally right and
wrong. Principled stand/opposition/objection etc He took a principled
stand against the legislation.
Gossip (noun): information that is passed from one person to another about
other people’s behaviour and private lives, often including unkind or untrue
remarks. Gossip about. Here’s an interesting piece of gossip about Mrs
Smith.
To gossip (verb): to talk about other people’s behaviour and private lives, often
including remarks that are unkind or untrue. gossip about The whole town was
gossiping about them.
Gossipy:
Come across as. If someone comes across in a particular way, they seem to
have particular qualities SYN come over. Come across as:
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She sometimes comes across as being rather arrogant.
I don’t think I came across very well (=seemed to have good qualities) in the
interview.
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16 – 10 - 2019
Confide to:
1 To tell someone you trust about personal things that you do not want other
people to know Confide to somebody that He confided to his friends that he
didn’t have much hope for his marriage.
2 formal to give something you value to someone you trust so they look after it
for you. Confide something to somebody He confided his money to his
brother’s safekeeping.
Scold somebody for (doing) something Her father scolded her for upsetting
her mother.
Attitude:
Stubborn:
1 Determined not to change your mind, even when people think you are being
unreasonable:
► see THESAURUS at DETERMINED
Instead of stubborn:
Headstrong: very determined to do what you want, even when other people
advise you not to do it.
Obstinated (positive):
1 Determined not to change your ideas, behaviour, opinions etc, even when
other people think you are being unreasonable SYN stubborn: He was the
most obstinate man I’ve ever met. Don’t be so obstinate! an obstinate
refusal to obey
2 [only before noun] British English difficult to deal with or get rid of: obstinate
stains. A complex and obstinate issue
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Come to blows (with somebody) if two people come to blows, they start
arguing or hitting each other because they disagree about something. Blow
over: They almost came to blows over the money.
do/run a test. They don’t know what’s wrong with her yet – they’re doing
tests.
Mishap (=percance): a small accident or mistake that does not have very
serious results: I had a slight mishap with one of the glasses. A series of
mishaps.
Busted (adjective):
Sheet number 2:
1 If the Government's policy is to succeed, they must try (to keep) prices in
check.
2 The shareholders all think they know what should be done, but the board still
needs (convincing).
3 Let's invite him. I'm sure he would love (to come):
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4 Someone in the office had made a mistake, and the firrn regretted
(causing) the customer inconvenience.
5 We plan (to take) our holidays abroad this year.
6 The teacher doesn't permit (smoking) during the lessons.
7 I vaguely remember (him saying) something like that.
8 Come over here! I'd like (you to see) this.
9 I always try (to be) punctual, but I don't always succeed.
10 It's a tricky problem. I recommend (you to consult) an expert.
11 He'd prefer (you to go) to his place, if that's convenient.
12 A membership card authorizes (the holder to use) the club's facilities for
a period of twelve months.
13 For the second-time this year, Miss Black will attempt (to swim) the Channel
in less than five hours.
14 Children should start (learning) a foreign language at primary school.
15 The film was so terrifying that she could hardly bear (watching) it.
16 The new committee member did not venture (to speak) at his first meeting.
17 They began (driving) at six in the morning, and were still on the road ten
hours later.
Begin to do something She began to feel a sense of panic.
Begin doing something I began teaching in 1984.
Overwhelm:
To Encounter.
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1 to experience something, especially problems or opposition.
An inspiration.
Idolize sb: to admire and love someone so much that you think they are
perfect: They had one child, a girl whom they idolized.
Pull strings: to secretly use your influence with important people in order to
get what you want or to help someone else: Francis pulled strings to get him
out of trouble.
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2. I think it’s OK for parents to influence events from behind the
scenes/ pull strings to get opportunities for their kids.
4. When I was younger I had a thing about pop stars; I’d put them on a
pedestal/ idolize them. I suppose I wanted to follow in their
footsteps/ emulate them and be rich and famous.
5. I think it’s important for celebrities to remember that they are a role
model/ an inspiration particularly to young people, and to monitor
their public behaviour accordingly.
EXERCISE C:
You can agree, disagree or you can say: “To some extent…”
Extent:
We all to some extent remember the good times and forget the bad.
To a great/large extent
Violence increased to the extent that residents were afraid to leave their
homes.
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To endorse: 1 To express formal support or approval for someone or
something. Endorse a proposal/an idea/a candidate etc. The prime
minister is unlikely to endorse this view.
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Having found out about her connection to her idol, Jennifer waited four years before
writing to Dominique to introduce herself and see whether her biological family knew of
her existence. Then she had to wait. 'just before Christmas 2007, when I was twenty-
one, I opened up a letter and it was from Dominique. I saw her signature and it was
just the most amazing feeling. Halfway through the letter she said I was about to be
an auntie, so I knew that they had accepted me immediately'. `Four months later I
met Dominique and my younger sister, Christina. The similarities were so apparent it
was shocking; we sounded alike, our
mannerisms were the same and with Christina, especially, it was like looking in the
mirror. Since then we've become close and I feel like a piece of the jigsaw of my
life has fallen into place.'
Now Jen works as an acrobat, aerialist and motivational speaker and has even
toured with Britney Spears, performing acrobat routines.
`Right now I'm living my dream, travelling the world and connecting with people from
all walks of life. We are all born with unique gifts and talents and I want to show
people we can use them to change lives. Finding out my idol was my long-lost sister
was just the beginning, my life has been about making the impossible, possible.'
Heritage:
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1 The traditional beliefs, values, customs etc of a family, country, or
society → inheritance: the importance of preserving the national
heritage. Beautiful old buildings which are part of our heritage.
Cultural/architectural/literary etc. heritage the cultural heritage of
Italy.
2 (of) mixed/multiple heritage formal having parents of different
races: There are identity issues for mixed heritage children.
- Work in pairs and read other details from Jennifer's story. Which information
do you find the most surprising?
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1) Jen was raised by adoptive parents who didn't allow the word 'can't' to be
used, so she believed she could do anything.
Having been raised by adoptive parents who didn't allow the word 'can't' to
be used, Jen believed she could do anything.
2) Jen says she fantasised about being related to Moceanu as early as age six.
Perhaps she sensed the connection.
Perhaps sensing the connection, Jen said that she fantasised about being
related to Moceanu as early as early as age six.
3) Jen grew up with her three half-brothers. She started playing softball with
them when she was seven.
Having been grown up with her three half-brothers, she started playing
softball with them when she was seven.
4) When Dominique was seventeen, she sued to become a legal adult. She
accused her parents of squandering her professional earnings.
5) Jen assumed that their biological mother had told Dominique about
Jen's physique, and only mentioned off-handedly in their first phone
conversation that she didn't have legs.
Having assumed that their biological mother had told Dominique about
Jen's physique, only mentioned off-handedly in their first phone
conversation that she didn't have legs.
7) Jen was amazed at how many things the three sisters had in common. She
said, ‘All three of us did gymnastics and Christina loved volleyball,
which is my second favourite sport!'
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Being amazed at how many things the three sisters had in common, she
said that all three of them did gymnastics and Christina loved
volleyball, which was her second favourite sport!
8) Jen has achieved amazing success by any standard, but she still has plans.
She says, 'My real dream would be to perform on a show like Dancing with the
Stars'
Having achieved amazing success by any standard, she still has plans: her
real dream would be to perform on a show like Dancing with the Stars.
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21 – 10 - 2019
Earl: (=conde)
a) To find out exactly where you are: He paused to get his bearings.
b) To feel confident that you know what you should do next: An
introduction session helps new students get their bearings.
‘Legend has it’. Local legend has it that (=says that) the island was the
original Garden of Eden.
‘Rumour has it’. Rumour has it that they plan to get married.
PRONUNTIATION:
Notes:
Assimilation.
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/ʃ z/
Does she?
/ z ʃ / desaparece la primera
Does he?
/ z h / desaparece la segunda
Wild things.
BOOK: Page 8
3 show something off if one thing shows off something else, it makes the
other thing look especially attractive SYN complement: The white dress
showed off her dark skin beautifully.
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Muggings: an attack on someone in which they are robbed in a public
place: Crime is on the increase, especially mugging and burglary. Dudley was
the victim of a violent mugging.
Droppings: the solid waste that passes out of the bodies of animals or birds.
Buzz: 2 [singular] A lot of activity, noise, and excitement. buzz of the buzz
of conversation and laughter
Slum: a house or an area of a city that is in very bad condition, where very
poor people live: A slum area. Slum housing. The slums of London.
1. There are new businesses [springing up] all over the place. There’s a
real buzz about the place.
2. The crime rate is pretty high. There are a lot of [muggings] and
shootings.
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3. There’s a big network of buses and trams and it all runs very
[smoothly]
4. The smog is awful – you have to wear a mask or you’d [choke] on the
fumes.
5. The cars just [crowl] along most of the time – you might as well walk.
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23 – 10 - 2019
PRONUNTIATION:
Notes:
Assimilation.
Did you?
/ dId ju: /
/ dIˀ dʒu: /
Did she?
/ dId ʃi: /
/ mεә /
Crank (noun):
2 informal Someone who has unusual ideas and behaves strangely: Zoff was
originally dismissed as a crank, but his theories later became very influential.
Crank (verb):
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To make something move by turning a crank: Try cranking the engine.
Umpteenth:
Very many – used especially when you are annoyed there are so many: There
seemed to be umpteen rules and regulations to learn. She’d called the
apartment umpteen times, but never got an answer.
(a)During the war he was sent on dangerous secret missions abroad. Very
exciting! He was a sort of James Bond.
(b)I think Alan should go on a diet and get more exercise. He's
beginning to look like Billy Bunter.
(c)He still has very youthful enthusiasms, and he's as slim and fit as he
was 20 years ago. He's a Peter Pan.
(d)There are times when most of us would like to escape from all the
pressures of city life and live a more simple, basic kind of Robinson
Crusoe existence._____________________________________
(e)Come on! I've never met anyone so reluctant to spend money, you
Scrooge!
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(f)He's not very practical. What he needs is someone to look after him and
do everything for him. He needs a Man Friday.
(g)The firm is doing very badly and facing bankruptcy . I don't think it
can survive. We don't just want a new director. We want a
Superman.__________________________________________
(i)How on earth did you guess his nationality, occupation and all those
other things about him just from his appearance? You're a proper
Sherlock Holmes.
—reluctantly adverb: Reluctantly, he agreed.
2 Instructions as above.
Big Brother Rip Van Winkle Old Uncle Tom Cobbleigh and all
Tarzan Cinderella
(a)He's a strange chap. Usually he's very pleasant and reasonable, but
there are times when he gets very bad-tempered and almost violent. He's
got a Jekyll and Hyde______personality.
(b)Joe was at the party, and the Smiths, and Mary and Mr Jackson, a n d
S t e v e , a n d — w e l l , Old Uncle Tom Cobbleigh and all.
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(d)I think the neighbours' kids should be allowed a bit of freedom to wear
what they like and get dirty having fun, not made to look like Little Lord
Fauntleroy.
(e)She's really exploited by her family. They make her do everything for
them, cook, clean. . She's a sort of Cinderella.
(g)He sounds very impressive when he talks about his adventures and
achievements, but it's all fantasy. He's a Walter Mitty character.
(h)Come on, Rip Van Winkle, wake up! It's nearly lunch-time.
Pipe: A hope, idea, plan etc. that is impossible or will probably never
happen: In many parts of the country, democratic elections are simply a pipe
dream.
Split personality: a condition in which someone has two very different ways
of behaving.
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Remain as: Despite the job losses, Parker remained as manager.
READING.
Interesting question: Which three things are of the greatest concern where you
live and which is of least concern? Why?
An earthquake
Severe pollution
A hurricane
Terrorism
An armed conflict
A huge fire
One of the first steps he took was to clear a large slum that
dominated the centre of Bogota and replace it with a large public
space. The slum had been a no-go zone for police and had
effectively created a barrier between the affluent north and the
more deprived south of the city. By demolishing it, the city was
immediately brought closer together. Having cleared one space,
Peñalosa's administration then expropriated the land of a private
country club in the north of the city. Its golf course and polo fields
were converted into a free park with sports facilities for all.
They then started to tackle congestion and the lack of facilities for
pedestrians and cyclists. Wide pavements were built and cars were
prevented from parking on them — a move that led to huge protests.
The government built miles and miles of cycle lanes and set up a huge
network of buses, again using separate lanes. They also imposed
restrictions on car use and increased taxes on petrol, the proceeds from
which went back into the new transport system.
During his time in office, Peñalosa did not escape criticism and
after his three-year term in office, he failed to be re-elected in
subsequent attempts. Some critics hate aspects of the road laws; others
complain new housing is far from their original home in the city centre.
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Fulfil: 1 If you fulfil a hope, wish, or aim, you achieve the thing that you
hoped for, wished for etc: Visiting Disneyland has fulfilled a
boyhood dream. Being deaf hasn’t stopped Karen fulfilling her ambition to
be a hairdresser. It was then that the organization finally began
to fulfill the hopes of its founders.
T a house or an area of a city that is in very bad condition, where very poor
people live: A slum area. Slum housing. The slums of London.
Deprived: not having the things that are necessary for a comfortable or
happy life: Deprived children tend to do less well at school. Deprived
areas/neighbourhoods etc (=where a lot of deprived people live): our
deprived inner cities.
Inner cities: he part near the middle of a city, especially where the buildings
are in a bad condition and the people are poor: The problems of our inner cities.
Deprived neighbourhoods: not having the things that are necessary for a
comfortable or happy life: Deprived children tend to do less well at school.
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Attendance: 1 [countable, uncountable] the number of people who attend a
game, concert, meeting etc: We have an average attendance of 4,000 fans per
game. Last year’s fair saw attendance figures of 32,000. School
attendance.
MANCHESTER
Since 1996, the Manchester economy has grown in all areas. However,
there are some concerns that inequality has also increased. Nor
are all the new spaces appreciated. One new garden square designed
by an international architect was rated as the worst attraction in the
city. Others argue that in swapping market stalls and industry for
luxury consumption and sparkling glass buildings, the city has lost some
of its soul.
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Created large-scale unemployment: 1 Using or involving a lot of effort,
people, supplies etc. OPP small-scale: A large-scale rescue operation.
Badly neglected — dominated by the hideous Arndale Shopping Centre: 1 To
fail to look after someone or something properly: She smoked and drank,
neglected the children, and left the clothes unmended. A neglected garden. The
building has been badly neglected.
BOOKLET (page 8)
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respect: She felt cheap and stupid, like a naughty child caught stealing. You’re
lying, aren’t you? You’re so cheap.
Ordeal: a terrible or painful experience that continues for a period of time.
Ordeal of: She then had to go through the ordeal of giving evidence.
She was forced to face the ordeal of withdrawal symptoms.
He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the ordeal.
Plight: a very bad situation that someone is in. Plight of: the desperate
plight of the flood victims. The country’s economic plight.
Issue (noun): 1 SUBJECT/PROBLEM [countable] a subject or problem
that is often discussed or argued about, especially a social or political matter
that affects the interests of a lot of people: Abortion is a highly controversial
issue. We should raise the issue of discrimination with the council. The key
issue is whether workers should be classified as ‘employees’.
Issue (verb) 1 to officially make a statement, give an order, warning
etc: Silva issued a statement denying all knowledge of the affair. A warning
issued by the Surgeon General.
READING:
In early 1997, as the city of New Orleans was busy getting ready for its annual
Mardi Gras carnival , an email entitled 'Travellers beware' went viral, sparking
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hundreds of calls to the local police department, who felt compelled to
issue an official statement designed to calm public fears.
The email claimed that an organised gang was planning to drug visitors
to the city, surgically remove their kidneys and sell them on the black
market. Now, you may well be thinking this story sounds familiar. If so,
that's because versions of it have been around for over three decades
now. Back in the 1980s, Guatemala was gripped by stories of Americans
kidnapping local children and harvesting their organs. By the early 1990s,
there were stories in the States about Latino women tempting American
men to a similar fate, and before long the idea appeared in TV dramas and
movies — and variations started to appear all over the world.
One thing that unites all these stories — and others like them — is that no
hard evidence exists of them ever having occurred. These urban myths
apparently emerge from nowhere and take on a life of their own. This
raises interesting questions about why we continue to share them and, on
occasion, even fall for them!
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Drug: 1 To give a person or animal a drug, especially in order to make them
feel tired or go to sleep, or to make them perform well in a race: Johnson
drugged and attacked four women. There was no evidence that the horse had
been drugged.
Surgically: 3 Done very carefully and in exactly the right place: With
surgical precision he cut four inches off the legs of the jeans.—surgically /-
kli/ adverb: The lump was surgically removed.
Gripped by:
1 HOLD TIGHTLY [transitive] To hold something very tightly: I gripped the rail
and tried not to look down. grip something tightly/firmly The woman moved
closer to Beth, gripping her arm tightly.
2 HAVE A STRONG EFFECT [transitive] to have a strong effect on someone or
something: A country gripped by economic problems. Panic suddenly gripped
me when it was my turn to speak.
3 INTEREST SOMEBODY [transitive] to hold someone’s attention and
interest: A story that really grips you
4 NOT SLIP [intransitive, transitive] if something grips a surface, it stays on it
without slipping: Radial tires grip the road well.
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3 Tempt fate (also tempt providence British English)
a) To do something that involves unnecessary risk and may cause serious
problems: Fire officials said developers are tempting fate by building deep into
the scenic canyons.
b) To say too confidently that something will have a good result, that there will
be no problems etc, when it is likely there will be problems
Argentina in the first round of the World Cup on Saturday. He was prepared to
take on anyone who laid a finger on us.
13 – 11 - 2019
Woke (?) culture: to stay alert for sth that can be offensive.
Deafening silence: [uncountable] failure or refusal to discuss something or
answer questions about something. Silence on The government’s silence on
such an important issue seems very strange. Once again the answer was
a deafening silence (=a very noticeable refusal to discuss something).
To factor sth. in: one of several things that influence or cause a
situation: The rise in crime is mainly due to social and economic factors. Factor
in: The vaccination program has been a major factor in the improvement of
health standards. Important/major/key/crucial factor: The weather could
be a crucial factor in tomorrow’s game.
Transgender: a general word for people who feel that they belong to the
other sex, and not the sex they were born with, and who express this in their
sexual behaviour → transsexual: the transgender community. Transgender
issues
To mask: to hide your feelings or the truth about a situation: Men often
mask their true feelings with humour. To cover or hide something so that it
cannot be clearly seen: The new accommodation block has all but masked the
original building.
BOOKLET (page 7)
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The thing is: instead of saying “He is world famous…” or “He is extremely
successful…”, we have to specify more: “He dominates indie pop…”, “He has sold
ten million copies…” or “He succeeded in making…”.
Topic: now, when you register in an APP, you will find: Male, female, non binary.
So, the question is: have we become more tolerant? Or Are we more politically
correct (used to describe language, behaviour, and attitudes that are carefully
chosen so that they do not offend or insult anyone): It’s not PC to describe
people as disabled.
To write an essay we need an opening paragraph:
- A statement.
- Facts.
The statement could be the following:
For the past two decades we’ve been witness to radical changes in terms of how
we treat each other. But it may all boil down to whether you’re willing to make
the effort or not.
Argument:
- The media seem to promote…
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disapproval: All these glossy pamphlets are just window dressing – the fact is
that the new mall will ruin the neighbourhood. 2. The art of arranging goods in a
shop window so that they look attractive to customers.
NOTE:
Interesting series:
- Line of Duty.
To thread needle: 1 to put a thread, string, rope etc through a hole: Will
you thread the needle for me?
VOCABULARY:
- Climb a ladder
- Cut string
- Flush a toilet (if you flush a toilet, or if it flushes, you make water go
through it to clean it)
- Heat the oven
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- Lay the carpet
FOREIGN OBJECTS
In our globalised world, we often take it for granted that the things
that surround us are universal, sensible and normal. So, when we travel
or live abroad and discover new objects — or the absence of ones we expected
to find — it can be surprising.
We may react with confusion or disgust, but it's always good to bear in
mind the fact that visitors travelling to our own countries must doubtless have
similar experiences. It's also worth remembering that what we see as
extraordinary or ridiculous today, we may end up adopting-as our own in the
future. Take an English aristocrat's comment on seeing a bizarre
instrument in 17th century Italy: 'Why should a person need a fork when
God had given him hands?'
I’ve more or less got used to most of the odd things I’ve encountered in
Britain — the houses that are old and draughty ; the fitted carpets on
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the stairs and even in the bathrooms; the presence of kettles and toasters in
every single kitchen. One thing I still struggle to understand, though, is why
so many places still have separate hot and cold taps at the sink rather than
a mixer tap. You have to fill the sink in order to get the water at the right
temperature, but then you can't rinse your face properly because the soap
stays in the water. It's much better with a mixer tap because you can wash
with running water. In fact, what drives you really mad is if there's no
plug. Then you end up either getting freezing hands or burning them — or
trying to move between the two. Useless!
There are loads of things I've noticed here in Spain that are different to
back home. For example, in Belfast I used to live in a basement flat,
which people here find really weird as basements are mainly used for storing
things! Then there's all the kitchen equipment: we've got a jamonero, which
is a kind of clamp that holds meat in place while you slice it; and a paellera,
which is this flat, round, shallow pan with two handles for cooking paella in. A
lot of the time, folk cook on gas burners to ensure the heat is evenly
distributed, so of course we have one of those as well. Best of all, though,
is the brasero — a kind of electric heater that you place under a table
covered with a long cloth going right down to the floor. All the heat gets
kept in and it's lovely and cosy when everyone's sitting round the table.
KASIA, POLAND
I'm Polish, my husband is Brazilian and we met in Sweden! We've been living
in his hometown of Belo Horizonte for the last four years now and life is
different here. For example, back in Lublin (Poland), I used to love soaking
in a nice hot bath, but here we don't even have a tub! It's much more of a
shower culture here — usually
both before and after work as it's so hot and humid. Another weird thing for
me is the fact that the place we're renting has a large, deep separate sink
next to the washing machine in this kind of little utility area, where your
clothes can be soaked and scrubbed and more delicate items can be
washed. Oh, and I mustn't forget that staple of Brazilian kitchens: the
pressure cooker . We use ours all the time, especially when cooking black
beans —feijào.
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ED, CANADA
I spent two years living and working in Qingdao, on the east coast of China ,
and found the homes there quite fascinating. Most people I knew there live
in apartments in high-rise blocks and though they do have some modern
appliances , dryers were unusual and you'd often see washing hung out to
dry on the balconies. Some places lack fridges too, which didn't seem to
bother people as much as you'd expect as all the food is bought fresh in the
market every day. My place didn't have an oven either, which somewhat
reduced the scope of my cooking, though I got pretty good at using a wok
— a big, round Chinese frying pan — on just a single gas ring. One other
weird thing I remember is that when you enter a Chinese home, you'll
usually find a shoe shelf that you place your shoes on while visiting.
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16 – 12 - 2019
A) PREPOSITIONS:
Conform:
1) to behave in the way that most other people in your group or society
behave → conformist: the pressure on schoolchildren to conform
pág. 45
Scope: 1 [uncountable] the range of things that a subject,
activity, book etc. deals with. beyond/outside/within the scope
of something. A full discussion of that issue is beyond the scope of
this book.
B) WORD FAMILIES:
Expressions:
Disgusting food.
Hypocritical people.
D) COLLOCATIONS:
pág. 46
Ripped pages: (=páginas rasgadas)
E) MORE COLLOCATIONS:
1. Social mobility: the ability to move easily from one job, area, or
social class to another.
2. A positive Outlook. (Outlook: your general attitude to life and
the world)
3. A domestic appliance: an appliance is a piece of equipment,
especially electrical equipment, such as a COOKER or WASHING
MACHINE, used in people’s homes. domestic/household etc.
appliance.
4. Household chores: a chore is a small job that you have to do
regularly, especially work that you do to keep a house clean.
5. ________ elite (?)
6. Regional Autonomy. example: · The regional autonomy parties
continued to make gains in the north, but won only 2.5 percent
of the overall vote.
F) MORE COLLOCATIONS:
Sentences:
pág. 47
G) PHRASES: With ‘thing’
pág. 48
Exercise 1 from sheet 16-12-19 (nº 2):
Hilarious: extremely funny. Hilarious is not used with ‘very’. You
say:· The film was absolutely hilarious.
pág. 49
Gutted: British English spoken very shocked or
disappointed SYN devastated: I was gutted when I lost my job.
Awkward: making you feel embarrassed so that you are not sure
what to do or say SYN difficult.
Exercise 3:
pág. 50
design create handsome / stunning scenes, and there are some truly
attractive / exhilarating flying sequences.
This film may have been made primarily for kids, but it is bound to
entertain people of all ages. Don't miss it!
Awkward: making you feel embarrassed so that you are not sure
what to do or say SYN difficult: I hoped he would stop
asking awkward questions.
Wit: the ability to say things that are clever and amusing: a
woman of great wit and charm. (=ingenio)
A: So, how was the restaurant last night? I've heard wonderful
things about it.
B: I know, but quite frankly , it didn't' live up to the hype.
B: Well, the food was rather tasteless, I thought. But the company
was even worse! Xavier overdid it with the wine and eventually
caused a scene. He started shouting at the waiter and we were
asked to leave. I burst into tears. It was so embarrassing. His
girlfriend, Sally, was so upset that she was in bits. They
ended up arguing, and she told Xavier that she never wanted to
see him again. So, then Xavier was mortified . Paul and I
didn't know what to do with him.
pág. 52
VOCABULARY FROM THIS TEXT:
Frankly: used to show that you are saying what you really think
about something: Frankly, I think the Internet is overrated.
Crawled into bed: rawl into/out of bed to get into or out of bed
slowly because you are very tired: We crawled into bed at 2 am.
WIT:
pág. 53
This crime thriller centres /revolves on a young man in prison for
confessing to crimes he didn't commit. The novel starts slowly,
but the pace picks up as the argument / plot develops. With a
star / protagonist who remains thoroughly likeable despite his
flaws and its crisp, credible dialogue / speech, there's much to
enjoy here.
pág. 54
This comic novel is so frequently laugh-out-loud funny that you
might not want to read it in public! Told in the main / first person,
the book explores the many arguments between the narrator /
commentator and his German girlfriend - to hysterical effect! By
turns / episodes absurd, dark and full of insight / judgment, it's a
must-read for anyone who's ever been in a relationship!
Tackle: to try to deal with a difficult problem: There is more than
one way to tackle the problem.
pág. 55
Traces: to study or describe the history, development, or progress
of something: Sondheim’s book traces the changing nature of the
relationship between men and women.
VOCABULARY:
Let off steam: let/blow off steam to get rid of your anger,
excitement, or energy in a way that does not harm anyone by doing
something active.
A good row to clear the air: to remove the bad feelings between
people.
pág. 57
We can have:
18 – 12 - 2019
Sharpie TM: It’s the brand name for felt-tip pen (a pen that has a
hard piece of felt at the end that the ink comes through) The same
happens with Kleenex.
Ego trip: if someone is on an ego trip, they think that what they
do makes them more important than other people – used to show
disapproval: Their singer’s on a real ego trip. Donald Trump is on an
ego trip.
pág. 58
Guilt-trip: to make someone feel guilty: My mother tried to guilt-
trip me by crying.
They are suspicious of all frozen food, despise any product that contains
additives, wholly disapprove of white bread, and reckon that consumers
of 'poisonous' white sugar will nearly all die young.
I hope they're wrong.
VOCABULARY 2 nd paragraph :
Despise: to dislike and have a low opinion of someone or
something: She despised her neighbours.
They view things like whaling and seal-hunting with disgust and find
vivisection extremely distasteful. They are fierce opponents of fox-
hunting and are also opposed to women accepting presents of fur-coats.
I dread to think what their views would be on
those cosmetic firms which try out their products on
poor, defenceless little rabbits.
VOCABULARY 3 rd paragraph :
Whale (noun): a very large animal that lives in the sea
and looks like a fish, but is actually a MAMMAL. pág. 59
Whale (verb): whale into/on somebody/something to
Dread: to feel anxious or worried about something that is
going to happen or may happen. I dread to think what will
happen if they get elected (=I think it will be very bad).
For them, zoos are degrading; they refuse to accept that they serve
any useful purpose whatsoever. On the other hand, they welcome the
growth of wild-life parks and reserves.
I can't make up my mind where I stand on this. They
know their own minds, as usual.
VOCABULARY 4 th paragraph :
Whatsoever: used to emphasize a negative
statement SYN whatever: He’s had no luck whatsoever.
They feel strongly that most doctors are little better than drug-pushers,
and are convinced that acupuncture is the medicine of the future.
I suppose they might have a point there.
pág. 60
They recommend natural childbirth for all mothers-to-be and reject the
need for such things as induction, drips and painkillers, except in special
circumstances.
I expect one or two of you mothers would disagree.
They are in favour of abortion being freely available, and I guess you
don't need me to tell you their feelings on women's equality. They are
against corporal punishment of any kind — I would imagine their
attitude towards capital punishment is fairly predictable — and is pro
voluntary euthanasia.
They take a keen interest in the fortunes of the Third World, and doubt
whether any of the Western powers really care.
They are supporters of conservation in its broadest sense, back all tree-
planting projects, and strongly approve of recycling waste paper and
other rubbish.
I presume most people would share that particular
viewpoint. They would like to see solar energy
taken more seriously and are fiercely anti-nuclear
power.
My own feeling is that solar energy in Britain is
rather a contradiction in terms.
They advocate prisons without bars and are of the opinion that 99% of
serious criminals are in need of psychiatric help.
To my mind, pleas of insanity have become suspiciously
common.
They are prepared to accept that UFOs probably do exist, and they
have no time for people who dismiss reincarnation out of hand.
It all seems a bit improbable to me.
They adore punk clothes, but can't stand the people. They rate
Lennon above McCartney and are great fans of Stevie Wonder.
I've never understood their taste in clothes or
trusted their judgement when it comes to music.
pág. 63
See eye to eye with sb.: to agree with someone, or to have
the same opinion as them. I don’t see eye to eye with
my father on many things.
NOTES:
To be into:
A safe spot is a location in space away from any celestials that pilots
warp to for purposes of evading hostiles or hiding their valuables
(emergency jetcans of ammo, etc)
Valuables: things that you own that are worth a lot of money,
such as jewellery, cameras etc.
pág. 64
Atheism: he belief that God does not exist → agnosticism
(agnostic)
Nationalism: love for your own country and the belief that it is
better than any other country.
BOOK: Page 50
pág. 66
To get emotional: having strong feelings and showing them to
other people, especially by crying. He became very emotional when
we had to leave.
3)
5)
(To waste time feeling sorry about an earlier mistake or problem that
cannot be changed: It’s no use crying over spilt milk)
(to become confused about what someone is saying because you think
they are talking about something else)
pág. 67
18 – 11 - 2019
VOCABULARY:
Peaker: 1: a load of logs narrowing toward the top. 2: the top log of
a load. Peaking too soon means reaching your max distance, but then
having an extended time after that until whatever your race or goal is.
Rumour has it: (=it’s being said). Rumour has it that they plan to
get married.
pág. 68
Inverted conditional:
BOOK – page 30
SPEAKING:
UK culture:
God save the Queen: "God Save the Queen" (alternatively "God
Save the King", depending on the gender of the reigning monarch) is
the royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their
territories, and the British Crown dependencies.[1][2] The author of the
tune is unknown, and it may originate in plainchant; but an attribution
to the composer John Bull is sometimes made.
pág. 71
The NHS: The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded
national healthcare system for England and one of the four National
Health Services for each constituent country of the United Kingdom. It is
the largest single-payer healthcare system in the world. Primarily funded
through the government and overseen by the Department of Health and
Social Care, NHS England provides healthcare to all legal English
residents, with most services free at the point of use. Some services,
such as emergency treatment and treatment of infectious diseases, are
free for everyone, including visitors.
pág. 72
VOCABULARY FROM CLASS:
Car boot sales: British English an outdoor sale where people sell
things from the back of their cars.
Uncalled for: behaviour or remarks that are uncalled for are not
fair or suitable.
pág. 73
The big take-away: The take-away is the main point of something,
like a lesson or presentation, to learn and remember. An example of the
take away is when your boss gives a 20 minute lecture but at the end
says "so, basically just remember if you are late you are fired."
Hands down: without question. It's hands down the best movie of
the year.
1.
a) Savannah’s parents were from different ethnic backgrounds. F
b) The place she lives in is very racially diverse. F
c) Her friends in the city often laugh at her. F
2.
a) Callum gets annoyed by a common false assumption. T
b) He complains about how tight government control of Scotland
still is. F
c) His outlook is fairly narrow and provincial. F
3.
a) Amir acknowledges he doesn’t conform to a certain stereotype.
T
b) He gets quite upset about the things people sometimes say to
him. F
c) He retains a sense of his family roots. T
pág. 74
Fairly: more than a little, but much less than very → quite.
----------
pág. 75
cultural events, the practice is seen as a form of censorship analogous
to the whitewashing of criticism.
A father figure: an older man who you trust and respect. Father
figure to/for. Ken was a father figure to all of us.
20 – 11 - 2019
POLICE:
GOVERNMENT:
Gang rape: an occasion when several men attack a woman and force
her to have sex with them.
Save face: to do something that will stop you from looking stupid or
feeling embarrassed: A compromise must be found which will allow both
sides in the dispute to save face.
These days: used to talk about the situation that exists now: I don’t
do much exercise these days (=now).
Sheet ‘Emphasis’:
pág. 77
Explanations
1. Passive
Time phrases can vary in position, and are often put first because
the time reference is important.
May clauses
pág. 78
With it is/was
What clauses
These are common with verbs such as need, want, like, hate. I hate
rainy weather.
What Peter did was (to) leave the windows unlocked. They are
destroying the environment.
pág. 79
1. Own
3. Emphasising negatives.
4. The
6. Auxiliary do
pág. 80
This can emphasise the verb, and is stressed in
speech.
Other means
1. Time phrases
pág. 81
Common examples are: day after day; time and time again; over and
over again; day in, day out
Activities
c)I'm sorry to keep you waiting. I…….hope you haven't been here
long.
pág. 82
d)It is by no ..... certain that the Prime Minister will attend the
meeting.
e) ………. I really enjoy in winter is a bowl of hot soup.
f)I searched and ……….. for my keys but I couldn't find them.
g) ………… you are all going to sleep I can't quite work out!
h)What the government then……………was to raise interest rates.
i)There isn't much to eat. …………..we've got is some leftovers.
j)Cathy wasn't in the.......put out when I couldn't make it to her
wedding.
___________________________________________
c)The car doesn't need anything else except new tyres. ALL
________________________________________
______________________________________
___________________________________________
____________________________________________
___________________________________________
pág. 83
h)Please stay longer. DO
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_____________________________________________
The Bible belt: an area in the south of the US known for its very
religious Christian people who follow the teachings of the Bible very
strictly.
pág. 84
Or the place where the spirits of the dead are believed to live, for
example in ancient Greek stories.
LISTENING:
pág. 85
Conspicuous consumption (=when people buy expensive products to
prove they are rich)
25 – 11 - 2019
Ruthlessness:
1 So determined to get what you want that you do not care if you
have to hurt other people in order to do it: a ruthless dictator.
pág. 86
Copayment: or copay is a fixed amount for a covered service,
paid by a patient to the provider of service before receiving the
service. It may be defined in an insurance policy and paid by an
insured person each time a medical service is accessed.
Host:
pág. 88
Not a hope in hell (of doing something) spoken (=not even
the smallest chance of success) They don’t have a hope in hell of
winning.
27 – 11 - 2019
Examples:
- Putting your kids to bed is murder.
- It’s beyond human intellect.
- He doesn’t have a firm grasp on the basic aspects of being a
teacher.
- You look like a beached whale.
- I’m like a petri dish over here (stay away from me)
pág. 89
- She looks as a pretentious theremin player.
As drunk as a Lord.
OPPORTUNITY/POSSIBILITY [uncountable] the chance to do
something, or the possibility that something exists or can happen
Room for There’s little room for innovation.
Room for doubt/debate/argument etc. The evidence was clear,
and there was little room for doubt.
Room for manoeuvre British English,
Room for maneuver American English (=the possibility of changing
what you do or decide) Teachers feel they have little room for
manoeuvre when the curriculum is so demanding.
pág. 90
A gargantuan effort: extremely large SYN gigantic: a meal of
gargantuan proportions
Her work became all-consuming.
Her matchless beauty
Matchless prose
pág. 91
She was dead on her feet and didn’t have the energy to
argue (=used when someone keeps going even though they are very
tired).
pág. 92
Winnow out phrasal verb. To get rid of the things or people that
you do not need or want from a group.
From class: Guidelines that would help winnow out those not fit to
be soldiers.
Movies recommended:
pág. 93
02 – 12 - 2019
Situations
pág. 94
Write short dialogues of two or three lines, incorporating these
phrases and responses, e.g. 'Never mind!':
‘Are you going to go and work for him then?’ ‘Not on your life!’
pág. 95
7. 'It can't be helped.': used to say that there is nothing you can
do to change a bad situation.
She said she had to leave him for a while; it couldn’t be helped.
8. 'I like that!' (ironic): used to say that what someone has said
or done is rude and unfair.
I like that! She didn’t even say thank you!
11. 'Here you are!': used when you are giving something to
someone:
The taxi was so slow we might just as well have gone on the bus.
pág. 97
8. 9. 'I beg your pardon!':
pág. 98
► In speech, people usually shorten had to ’d, and may not
pronounce it at all. But do not leave out had or ’d in writing: You’d
better (NOT You better) come here!
---------
Sheet:
Suggest raises special problems when followed by a 'that' clause (see
page 40). The 'full' construction is:
a) I suggest (that) he should see a specialist immediately.
Verb + gerund
Complete the sentences with the gerund of a suitable verb.
pág. 100
2. This room will look very cheerful once you've finished
redecorating it.
3. I wish you wouldn't keep telling me what I already know all too
well.
4. It is difficult to see how the company can avoid . . . another loss this
year.
Outright:
a) Clearly and completely. They rejected the deal outright.
b) Immediately and without any delay.
The passenger was killed outright.
They fired her outright.
8. Everyone said how much they had enjoyed going to the speech.
9. When you've finished the book, you can tell me if it's worth
writing it.
pág. 101
12. She was so upset that she couldn't help . . .
---------------------
BOOK – page 37
(Text)
Limp: to walk slowly and with difficulty because one leg is hurt or
injured.
Moreno limped off the field with a foot injury.
pág. 103
Stroke: to move your hand gently over something:
He reached out and stroked her cheek tenderly.
pág. 104
VOCABULARY FROM LISTENING 6.12
Step into: to raise one foot and put it down in front of or behind
the other one in order to walk or move.
step forward/back/down/into etc.
Step into the breach to help by doing someone else’s job or work
when they are unable to do it SYN step in: Thanks for stepping into
the breach last week.
UNDERSTANDING VOCABULARY
(page 36)
‘Ways of’ verb groups
The person telling the joke used some descriptive verbs that
show the way something was done.
pág. 106
04 – 12 - 2019
→ EGO TRIP: if someone is on an ego trip, they think that what they
do makes them more important than other people – used to show
disapproval: Their singer’s on a real ego trip.
→ Snob:
1) Someone who thinks they are better than people from a lower
social class – used to show disapproval: Stop being such a
snob.
2) Someone who thinks they are better than other people
because they know more about something – used to show
disapproval: a bunch of intellectual snobs
music/wine snob
→ Arrogant:
pág. 107
My first impression was that he was a bit full of himself.
----------
pág. 108
I’m wasted: informal very drunk or affected by drugs.
I’m hammered: very drunk.
I’m baked: (by smoking)
BOOK – page 43
pág. 109
BOOK – page 44 – exercise 1
Overwhelmed:
EMOTION if someone is overwhelmed by an emotion, they feel it so
strongly that they cannot think clearly.
Be overwhelmed by something
Harriet was overwhelmed by a feeling of homesickness.
pág. 110
Burst into: phrasal verb to suddenly begin to make a sound,
especially to start singing, crying, or laughing:
Claire looked as if she were about to burst into tears.
Suddenly, the group burst into laughter.
Lydia burst into song.
She was in bits after the race, and looked totally gutted.
pág. 111
BOOK – page 44 – exercise 4
Conversation 1:
Conversation 2:
pág. 112
I don’t know how we’re going to get over this problem.
All in hand: if you want to say that you are in control of a difficult
situation, you can say that you have the situation in hand. For
example, Don't worry about the preparations for the party, I've got
everything in hand.
pág. 113
I should be more on top of my work next week.
Tears: a drop of salty liquid that comes out of your eye when you
are crying:
The children were all in tears.
She came home in floods of tears.
I could see that Sam was close to tears.
Bridget suddenly burst into tears and ran out.
He was fighting back tears as he spoke.
A lot of people were moved to tears by his story.
He kissed her cheek, a gesture that brought tears to her eyes.
I must admit I shed a few tears when the school closed.
I saw grown men reduced to tears that day.
‘Please don’t talk like that,’ Ellen implored him, her eyes filling
with tears.
By this time, tears were streaming down my face.
The tears he shed were tears of joy.
pág. 114
Weepy (noun): a film or story that is intended to make people
cry.
Daft:
1) Silly:
A daft idea.
Me, jealous? Don’t be daft (=that is a silly idea).
She’s as daft as a brush (=extremely silly).
► see THESAURUS at STUPID
2) be daft about something to be extremely interested in
something:
Tony’s still daft about cars!
pág. 115
08 – 01 - 2020
VOCABULARY:
pág. 116
Embarrassing: making you feel ashamed, nervous, or
uncomfortable:
She asked a lot of embarrassing questions.
An embarrassing situation.
Embarrassing for: This incident is deeply embarrassing for the
government.
Knee slapping: The action of striking one's own knee with the
hand, associated with hearty laughter.
VOCABULARY:
Fraught with:
1) fraught with problems/difficulties/danger etc full of
problems etc:
Their marriage has been fraught with difficulties.
2) Full of anxiety or worry SYN tense:
A fraught atmosphere.
A fraught situation.
Julie sounded rather fraught.
Subject:
formal to force a country or group of people to be ruled by you, and
control them very strictly
subject to phrasal verb To force someone or something to
experience something very unpleasant, especially over a long time:
Police subjected him to hours of questioning.
Subject somebody to an ordeal/abuse/harassment
Barker subjected his victim to awful abuse.
Hear of:
pág. 118
I’ve heard of a job which would be just right for you.
This was the first I’d heard of any trouble in the area (=I had just
heard news of trouble for the first time).
He was last heard of in Washington (=he was in Washington the
last time someone had information about him).
Hear about:
Teresa heard about the decision later.
pág. 119
All's fair in love and war – saying: in love and war you do not
have to obey the usual rules about reasonable behaviour.
Boast
Brag
Rave about
Protest
Enthuse
Brag about: to talk too proudly about what you have done, what
you own etc – used to show disapproval SYN boast.
Ben’s always bragging about his success with women.
Enthuse about:
1) to talk about something in a very interested or excited way.
Enthuse about/over: Rick was there, enthusing about life in
Australia.
2) To make someone interested in something or excited by it.
be enthused by/with something: The owners were certainly
enthused by the offer.
pág. 120
GRAMMAR Enthuse is usually passive in this meaning.
Care
Bother
Forget about
Brood
Dream
2) if a bird broods, it sits on its eggs to make the young birds break
out.
Delight
Revel
Succeed in
Exult
Bask
Exult in: formal to show that you are very happy and proud,
especially because you have succeeded in doing something.
Exult at/in/over: She exulted in her new discovery.
pág. 121
Bask:
1) to enjoy sitting or lying in the heat of the sun or a fire: bask in.
Lizards were basking in the morning sun.
2) If a place basks in the sun, it is sunny and warm: bask
in. Tenerife was basking in afternoon sunshine as they arrived.
3) to enjoy the approval or attention that you are getting from other
people. bask in. She basked in the admiration of the media.
Advise
Warn
Argue against
Protest
Demonstrate
Confide
Result
Culminate in
Persist
Trust
Rule
Prevail
Preside over
Triumph
Argue
pág. 122
Rule over: GOVERNMENT [intransitive, transitive] to have the
official power to control a country and the people who live
there → govern.
Alexander the Great ruled over a huge empire.
Battle
Compete
Plot Against
Campaign
Win
Compete against:
The Renault Clio competes against such cars as the Peugeot 206.
I had to compete against 19 other people for the job.
He’ll be competing against the world’s best.
pág. 123
He suspected that the military were secretly plotting against him.
Cheat
Strip
Rid of
Deprive
Starve
pág. 124
Cure
Convict
Reassure of
Persuade
Acquit
pág. 125
Skip
Gloss
Haggle over
Skate
Squabble
Haggle: to argue when you are trying to agree about the price of
something.
Haggle over: tourists haggling over the price of souvenirs.
pág. 126
Petty: a petty problem, detail etc is small and
unimportant SYN trivial.
Bitter: a bitter argument, battle etc. is one in which people
oppose or criticize each other with strong feelings of hate and anger.
bitter dispute/battle/struggle etc.
The couple are locked in a bitter battle for custody of the children.
The government faces bitter opposition to these policies.
The countries are still bitter enemies.
Heady: very exciting in a way that makes you feel as if you can
do anything you want to: the heady atmosphere of the early sixties.
BOOK – page 46
Vocabulary:
Pointed (adjective):
Touristy:
1) A place that is touristy is full of tourists and the things that attract
tourists – used to show disapproval: Benidorm is too touristy for me.
2) A touristy activity is typical of the things that tourists do – used to
show disapproval: We did all the usual touristy things.
pág. 127
Junk: old or unwanted objects that have no use or value: This
cupboard’s full of junk.
► Do not use junk when you are talking about things such as empty
packets, cans, and bottles that are left in a public place.
Use litter: Don’t drop litter in the street.
Teal:
1 [countable] a small wild duck.
2 [uncountable] a greenish-blue colour.
London Eye:
A FERRIS WHEEL in London that is 450 feet tall and which gives people
who ride in it very good views of the city.
Tower Bridge:
A bridge which crosses the River Thames in London, just to the east
of the Tower of London. The part of the bridge which carries the road
divides in the middle into two separate parts, which can be pulled up
so that tall ships can pass under it. Tower Bridge is one of London's
pág. 128
best-known buildings, and is often used as a SYMBOL representing
London.
The Thames: the longest river in England, which flows from the
west into the North Sea. In London, many well-known bridges across
the Thames connect the north and south of the city, and many
important buildings, including the Houses of Parliament and the
Tower of London, are built next to the river:
She lives south of the Thames.
Off the beaten track: a place that is off the beaten track is not
well known and is far away from the places that people usually visit.
pág. 132
He tried to deceive the public into thinking the war could still be
won.
Phrases:
--------------
Meaning:
Previous explanation
Famished
(extremely hungry)
Ravenous
(very hungry → starving)
pág. 134
exercise 4: how the words and phrases in italics were
expressed in the article.
House:
1) to provide someone with a place to live.
House in: The refugees are being housed in temporary
accommodation.
2) if a building, place, or container houses something, it is kept
there.
House in: The collection is currently housed in the British Museum.
The plastic case that houses the batteries.
Pantomime:
pág. 136
BOOK – page 46 – exercise 6: Make noun phrases.
--------
NOTES:
pág. 137
13 – 01 - 2020
VOCABULARY:
Wreak:
1) wreak havoc/mayhem/destruction (on something) to cause
a lot of damage or problems:
These policies have wreaked havoc on the British economy.
2)wreak revenge/vengeance (on somebody) formal to do
something unpleasant to someone to punish them for something
they have done to you:
He promised to wreak vengeance on those who had betrayed him.
Kernel:
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as often as not (also more often than not) spoken usually:
More often than not the train is late.
A coffee with a:
- drop of milk (UK)
- splash of milk (US)
Groin:
1) the place where the tops of your legs meet the front of your body.
2) a GROYNE: a low wall built out into the sea to prevent the sea from
removing sand and stones from the shore (shore: the land along the
edge of a large area of water such as an ocean or lake)
Wharf: a structure that is built out into the water so that boats
can stop next to it (=muelle)
Pier: a structure that is built over and into the water so that boats
can stop next to it or people can walk along it (=embarcadero):
a yacht moored at a pier.
strolling along Brighton Pier
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Nether: lower down – often used humorously.
Underworld:
‘Have you had many visitors yet?’ ‘No, as a matter of fact you’re the
first.’
Para bellum is Latin for "prepare for war" and is often used within
the context of the phrase Si vis pacem, para bellum, meaning "If
you seek peace, prepare for war."
Slay:
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it amuses them: The joke really amused them. ➔
They thought the joke was really funny.
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Puddle of: He had fallen asleep, his head resting in a puddle of
beer.
—puddle verb [intransitive] literary:
Rain trickled down the glass, puddling on the window sills.
6. I gather there was some doubt as to who should pay the bill.
7. Unfortunately all too often one of our players gives the ball away.
Swarm:
1) A large group of insects, especially BEEs, moving together.
2) a crowd of people who are moving quickly.
swarm of: Swarms of tourists jostled through the square.
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9. I can’t help thinking he offered his apology with a touch of irony.
Apology: something that you say or write to show that you are
sorry for doing something wrong
apology for: The minister had to issue a formal public apology for
his remarks.
apology from: She finally received an apology from the company.
apology to: an apology to passengers for any inconvenience
caused.
Dash:
SMALL AMOUNT [singular]
a) a small amount of a substance that is added to something else
dash of: Add salt, pepper and a dash of vinegar.
b) a small amount of a quality that is added to something else.
dash of: Add a dash of romance to your life with a trip to Paris.
10. Few, if any of the current team can stand comparison with the
1995 eleven.
11. It was a stroke of luck that he had always been able to write
with either hand.
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Stroke of luck/fortune something lucky that happens to you
unexpectedly: In a stroke of luck, a suitable organ donor became
available.
13. The full extent of the damage done by the storm only became
clear at daybreak.
● Trickle:
1) if liquid trickles somewhere, it flows slowly in drops or in a thin
stream
Trickle down/into/out The tears trickled down her cheeks.
● Throng:
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1) [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] if people
throng a place, they go there in large numbers: Tourists thronged
the bars and restaurants.
2) be thronged with somebody/something if a place is thronged
with people or things, there are a lot of them there: The streets
were thronged with Christmas shoppers.
Text:
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and protesters (like soldiers) may march to defend rights that
are under attack.
b) if you lay siege to someone, you do everything you can to try and
get them to talk to you: Then he set to work laying siege to her with
letters.
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Subconscious: (=inconsciente) subconscious feelings, desires etc.
are hidden in your mind and affect your behaviour, but you do not
know that you have them:
A subconscious fear of failure
—subconsciously adverb: Subconsciously, he blames himself for
the accident.
Meme:
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Haka: a traditional Maori war dance with chanting, designed to
intimidate opponents. New Zealand rugby teams perform a version
of it before a match.
.
A cat: female. En masculino se dice male cat.
Male nurse: enfermero. (Rodolfo refuses to say male nurse, he
prefers to say He is a nurse)
● Wage:
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6. The scanners play a crucial role in protecting the public
from terrorism.
7. … a statue of St John of Bidshire, the multi-prize-winning
pig of a local farmer Tim Langford.
8. It stood as a proud symbol of the local produce for which
Paulston is famous.
15 – 01 - 2020
Kosher:
1
a) kosher food is prepared according to Jewish law
b) kosher restaurants or shops sell food prepared in this way.
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To have a condition: ILLNESS [countable] an illness or health
problem that affects you permanently or for a very long time:
People suffering from this condition should not smoke.
Finicky:
1) too concerned with unimportant details and small things that you
like or dislike SYN fussy: She’s very finicky about what she eats.
20 – 01 - 2020
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Interviewer: I wonder what sort of a life would have been like in
social terms if our whole life is built around the computer that we
become a computer dependent society and a computer
independent individuals.
Arthur C.: In some ways but they’ll also enrich our society
because it’ll make it possible as to live, read anywhere we like
any businessman in the executive could live comes anywhere on
earth and still do his business sir a device like this and this is a
wonderful thing. It means we wanted to be stuck in cities we’ve
got to live out in the end trees and still County on the complete
interaction with human beings as well as with other computers.
Sewage system.
Watchdog:
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BOOK – page 62 – exercise 1 – VOCABULARY
7. The findings could pave the way for [lead to] new techniques.
11. The study found that the genetic condition [disorder] was
more prevalent than first thought.
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12. Scientists have created [devise] a way to detect seismic
waves before earthquakes hit.
Probe:
1) a long thin metal instrument that doctors and scientists use to
examine parts of the body.
2) a SPACE PROBE
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3) an INVESTIGATION in which many questions are asked to discover
the truth about something: a police corruption probe
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Concern: a feeling of worry about something important:
concern about/over/with: the rise of concern about the
environment.
The growing concern over inflation
Concern with worsening law and order
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- It can be a requirement.
- Or a reporter.
- An intention.
- Results of her actions.
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5. After the marathon race the runners were very tired, if
not exhausted.
- Even exhausted.
- Very tired, perhaps not exhausted.
- Considering my position…
- Where do you stand on this?
- I wouldn’t go that far…
- As far as I am concern… (= en lo que a mí respecta…)
- As far as I can tell…
- In this day and age: It’s incredible that such attitudes still
exist in this day and age (=used to express disapproval that
something still exists now).
- I kind of agree…
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Exercise from sheet 22-01-20 “Speaking”.
VOCABULARY:
● Bridal party: The bridal party is the group of people you and
your partner have chosen to fulfill traditional roles at your
wedding and be directly involved in your special day.
VOCABULARY – Statistics
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9. It’s too early to say if these two figures are part of a new
upward trend or whether they are a statistical anomaly.
One day, the journalist asked how many crashes were typical for
clear sunny days. The answer? 48!
were more aggressive than kids who were kept/had been kept
(keep) at home with Mum. The kids were observed over six
months from their third birthday and `aggression' was defined
(define) as stealing toys, pushing other children and starting fights.
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5) The government claimed that, as a result of their policies, the
murder rate in the city was reduced (reduce) by 30% in just
eight years, falling from 130 a year at the beginning of the period
to just 91 last year.
29 – 01 - 2020
Notes:
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because it is so unpleasant SYN disgust: His dirty fingernails really
gross me out.
● Look down on phrasal verb to think that you are better than
someone else, for example because you are more successful, or of a
higher social class than they are: Mr Garcia looks down on anyone
who hasn’t had a college education.
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● Toe curling: making you feel very embarrassed: There’s a toe-
curling scene in the film where he keeps accidentally offending his
girlfriend’s parents.
Download the Vocabulary Builder for Unit 2 and try the quiz
below. Write your answers in your notebook. Then check them
and record your score.
4 They had a dreadful row, but don't worry — it'll soon blow over.
5 They look down on her just because she didn't go to private school.
What snobs!
(bitch)
2 I'm sick and tired of covering for his incompetence. He's just
not up it. (incompetent)
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3 He got all snobbish about staying in a hostel, and said he'd prefer a
hotel. (snob)
4 I'm sorry but it's a principle I'm not willing to compromise on. (will)
5 What got me was the intensity of her outburst. She was so angry!
(intense)
10 – 02 - 2020
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