Delegate Handbook
Delegate Handbook
Delegate Handbook
MUN@DPSD’19 1
MUN@DPSD 2019
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Delegate’s Handbook
Members
The United Nations currently has 193 member states. All recognized independent states
are a member of the UN with the exception of the Vatican City that has gained observer
status. The UN charter outlines the rules for the membership.
They are:
1. Memberships in the UN are open to all peace loving states which accept the
obligations contained in the present charter and in the judgment of the organization
are able and willing to carry out these obligations.
2. The admission of any such state to membership will be based on a decision by the
General Assembly, upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
What is MUN?
Model United Nations (also Model UN or MUN) is an academic simulation of the United
Nations that aims to educate participants about current events, topics in international
relations, diplomacy and the United Nations agenda. The participants role-play as
diplomats representing a nation or NGO in a simulated session of an organ of the United
Nations, such as the Security Council or the General Assembly.
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Welcome to MUN@DPSD
DPS Dubai proudly welcomes you to MUN@DPSD’19!
Every year, our school’s conference sees hundreds of students walk through its esteemed
halls; some nervous, some energized, most hungry, but all eager for what awaits them.
MUN@DPSD, however, is more about what you leave with, rather than how you come in.
We hope to turn your eagerness and enthusiasm into a passion for debating, and a hunger
for knowledge. It encourages high school students to play a part in helping us stand united
against the ever-present forces that constantly seek to divide us. The world is rife with war,
disease and devastation, which is precisely why we, as the trailblazers of the next
generation, must understand the importance of inculcating the values of collaboration
and empathy within ourselves.
Our conference is more than a competition; it is an experience, a way for you to learn
more about yourself, your friends, and the world. Our sole request to all participants is this:
view the world not as it is, but as it could be. It’s what sets us apart.
Committees at MUN@DPSD’19:
Security Council
The Security Council takes the lead in determining the existence of a threat to the
peace or act of aggression. It calls upon the parties to a dispute to settle it by peaceful
means and recommends methods of adjustment or terms of settlement. In some cases, the
Security Council can resort to imposing sanctions or even authorize the use of force to
maintain or restore international peace and security.
General Assembly 1
The First Committee of the General Assembly deals with Disarmament and
International Security. The First Committee meets every year in October. The Disarmament
Commission debates suggestive measures to initiate reduction in dangerous weaponry all
around the world.
General Assembly 3
The Social, Cultural and Humanitarian Affairs Committee (SOCHUM) was established
after the development of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. The
committee’s main task is to strive for better compliance to human rights in every region of
this world and thus promote international peace and security.
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exhibit. The Chair will call for decorum when they feel that the committee is not being
respectful of a speaker, of the dais, or of their roles as ambassadors.
Delegation - The entire group of people representing a member state or observer in all
committees at a particular Model UN conference.
Draft resolution - A document that seeks to fix the problems addressed by a Model UN
committee. If passed by the committee, the draft resolution will become into a resolution.
Member State - A country that has ratified the Charter of the United Nations and whose
application to join has been accepted by the General Assembly and Security Council.
Currently, there are 191 member states. The only internationally recognized state that is not
a member state is the Holy See.
Motion - A request made by a delegate that the committee as a whole do something.
Some motions might be to go into a caucus, to adjourn, to introduce a draft resolution, or
to move into voting bloc.
Observer - A state, national organization, regional organization, or non-governmental
organization that is not a member of the UN but participates in its debates. Observers can
vote on procedural matters but not substantive matters. An example is the Holy See.
On the floor - At a Model UN conference, when a working paper or draft resolution is first
written, it may not be discussed in debate. After it is approved by the Director and
introduced by the committee, it is put "on the floor" and may be discussed.
Operative clause - The part of a resolution which describes how the UN will address a
problem. It begins with an action verb (decides, establishes, recommends, etc.
Page - A delegate in a Model UN committee that has volunteered to pass notes from one
delegate to another, or from a delegate to the dais, for a short period of time.
Placard - A piece of card with a country's name on it that a delegate raises in the air to
signal to the Chair that he or she wishes to speak.
Point - A request raised by a delegate for information or for an action relating to that
delegate. Examples include a point of order, a point of inquiry, and a point of personal
privilege. See our Charts of Rules and Motions.
Position paper - A summary of a country's position on a topic, written by a delegate before
a Model UN conference.
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Preambulatory Clause - The part of a resolution that describes previous actions taken on
the topic and reasons why the resolution is necessary. It begins with a participle or
adjective (noting, concerned, regretting, aware of, recalling, etc.).
Resolution - A document that has been passed by an organ of the UN that aims to address
a particular problem or issue. The UN equivalent of a law.
Right of Reply - A right to speak in reply to a previous speaker's comment, invoked when a
delegate feels personally insulted by another's speech. Generally requires a written note to
the Chair to be invoked.
Roll Call - The first order of business in a Model UN committee, during which the Rapporteur
reads aloud the names of each member state in the committee. When a delegate's
country's name is called, he or she may respond "present" or "present and voting." A
delegate responding "present and voting" may not abstain on a substantive vote.
Rules of Procedure - The rules by which a Model UN committee is run. See our Charts of
Rules and Motions.
Second - To agree with a motion being proposed. Many motions must be seconded before
they can be brought to a vote.
Secretary-General - The leader of a Model UN conference.
Signatory - A country that wishes a draft resolution to be put on the floor and signs the draft
resolution to accomplish this. A signatory need not support a resolution; it only wants it to be
discussed. Usually, Model UN conferences require some minimum number of sponsors and
signatories for a draft resolution to be approved.
Simple majority - 50% plus one of the number of delegates in a committee. The amount
needed to pass most votes.
Sponsor - One of the writers of a draft resolution. A friendly amendment can only be
created if all sponsors agree. Friendly amendments are not in order at MUN@DPSD as they
aren’t in accordance with THIMUN procedures.
Substantive - Having to do with the topic being discussed. A substantive vote is a vote on a
draft resolution or amendment already on the floor during voting bloc. Only member states
(not observer states or non-governmental organizations) may vote on substantive issues.
Working Paper - A document in which the ideas of some delegates on how to resolve an
issue are proposed. Frequently the precursor to a draft resolution. Not a part of actual
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Conference Documents:
1. Position Papers
2. Resolutions & Clauses
apers
Position P
Said simply, a position paper is a document which summarizes a country’s stance on an
issue. It is the culmination of hours of research, and it gives the chair reviewing it an insight
into the kind of delegate you are.
A position paper in the THIMUN format is expected to be directly linked to your nation’s
experience with the issue— how it has been affected by it, what it has done to resolve it,
and so on. Furthermore, many delegates find their position papers useful as a quick
reference to their foreign policy in the middle of committee as they are barred from
accessing online information while the committee is in progress.
Parameters
● Maximum of one A4 size page
● Single Spacing
● Paragraph form
● Font: 11 or 12
● Font Style: Times New Roman’
● 1-inch margin on all sides.
● Do not include maps, graphs, drawings, etc.
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Template
Introduction
● History of the issue from the point of view of your country
● History of the issue from the world’s perspective
Involvement of Your Nation
● Which sectors or parts of your country does it affect?
● How long has the issue been affecting your country?
● Organizations your country is a part of that may be linked to the topic.
Views on Previous Solutions
● Steps taken by your nation’s government to solve the problem.
● Policies implemented and treaties signed which are in reference to this issue
● Your nation’s views on other governments’ approach to the topic.
● Actions by other nations that your government has supported or condemned, and
actions taken by your nation through the UN.
Ideal Solution Your Nation May Have Towards the Topic
● Outline solutions to the issue. Make sure that the solutions proposed aren’t anything that
would contradict your country’s foreign policy.
● Keep in mind that the scale of the solutions you can propose is not limited by the country
you are assigned, someone representing a smaller nation like the Marshall islands can in
fact propose a solution that is grand is scale and depth and affects a larger nation like the
United States. What matters more is the level of effort that goes into devising it.
● Discuss possible methods of achieving your nation’s wanted solutions.
● Instruments, mechanisms and international processes must be put forward in your
solutions (see section on writing resolutions for more detail).
● Discuss involvement in the appropriate UN committee or international forum that can be
beneficial to achieve this solution.
Conclusion
● Reiterate the current position of your nation regarding the current status of the topic.
● Reiterate the need to solve the problems caused by the topic.
Researching prior to an MUN conference is a long, tedious process, and the Position Paper
must contain only the crème de la crème of your research. Do not forget that the very
purpose of the Position Paper is to have a condensed form of what you are going to
debate over the course of the conference. One look at the Position paper, and you must
be able to go up and speak immediately on the topic and give the committee a good
idea of what is required!
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Corruption and tax evasion are problems which have made their mark on the world for generations. The leak of the
Panama Papers sheds light on the veracity of this situation and how it can have an impact on the global community.
The 11.5 million documents, released onto the internet by Suddeutsche Zeitung (SZ), a German newspaper agency,
contained a vast amount of information concerning tax havens, shell companies and their use in malpractices like
tax evasion. The country of Jordan finds an urgency in discussing what these documents mean towards global
security.
A number of major political, sport and entertainment personalities have been accused of procuring and maintaining
offshore shell corporations in order to avoid the payment of taxes. One such political personality is Abu Ali-al
Ragheb, former Prime Minister of Jordan. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan believes that no activities relating to
corruption or tax avoidance have taken place in the country during the last five years. The country of Jordan is
unaware of its involvement in such malpractices and would like to draw attention towards the decreasing rate of
corruption in the country as compared to the rest of the world.
Jordan has implemented several measures which have led to the decline of corruption levels in the country. In
2003, the Jordan Anti-Corruption Commission (JACC) was established. The JACC was responsible for pursuing all
those who violated the Anti-Corruption Commission law, in addition, it also worked on increasing awareness
among the citizens regarding the impact of corruption on the economy as well as eliminating sources of corruption
in the country. Further, in early 2016, a bill was passed in Jordan which facilitates the merger of the JACC and the
Audit Bureau into a financially independent entity known as the National Centre for Integrity and Anti-Corruption.
At the London 2016 Anti-Corruption Summit, Mr. Bassam Talhouni, the Jordanian Minister of Justice, recalled the
laws implemented by the Kingdom of Jordan in order to combat the menace of corruption and punish all corrupt
officials. The country would like to reiterate its relentless efforts to punish all those involved in illegal and vicious
schemes of tax evasion and money laundering.
It is an urgent need for the United Nations to establish and implement solutions to ensure that such large-scale
corruption is brought to a complete end and all those involved in the system are punished accordingly. A common
yet extremely important measure for prevention of corruption is the need to conduct complete and thorough
background checks of individuals who show an interest in purchasing an offshore shell company. Conducting such
due diligence can definitely reduce the chances of misuse of such shell companies. Further, Jordan proposes a
commission to conduct a periodic check on all shell companies and their owners to ensure a stability in order and
prevent any individual, firm or organization from engaging in malpractices. It is important that all articles of the
United Nations Anti-Corruption Commission (UNCAC) be upheld by the member countries and developed
countries dismantle tax havens to ensure such malpractices do not occur on their territory. The Hashemite Kingdom
of Jordan is a firm believer in these prevention methods and stands by the need to curb the menace of global
corruption. In order to ensure such political security and stability, Jordan urges the United Nations to implement the
above-mentioned suggestions.
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Format of a Resolution
Resolutions are the tools with which the United Nations aims to solve problems. They
are statements from the international community expressing the desire and need to
change a certain situation and the ways in which the same can be accomplished.
At the United Nations, a country drafts a resolution, and lobbies for it amongst other
diplomats. In order for a resolution to pass, more diplomats have to vote in favor of the
resolution than against it. Thus, resolutions are the pretext for lobbying and forming
alliances, in addition to being the primary basis for debate and discussion.
Resolutions at conferences need to go deeply into the specifics of a given topic. For
example, if financing were the topic, the resolution needs to say exactly how financing will
take place, who will finance, etc.
The heading of a resolution needs to contain three things: the forum the resolution is being
debated in (e.g. Human Rights Council, First Committee of the General Assembly, etc.), the
topic or question the resolution addresses (e.g. The Exploitation of African States by
industrialized and industrializing nations), and the name of the main submitter(s) or author(s)
of the resolution in full (e.g. The Kingdom of Belgium).
The first part of the resolution consists of preambulatory clauses. These clauses define the
issue, recognize its importance, state any previous resolutions or action addressing the issue,
or mention important statistics. Essentially, they acknowledge and describe the problem.
Preambulatory clauses are not numbered, and must start with present perfect particles
(e.g. recalling, recognizing) or with adjectives (e.g. aware, concerned). They must end with
a comma (,) and are always separated with a blank line.
Operative clauses are the second and most important part of the resolution. They are the
clauses focused upon during debate. Operative clauses indicate what action a resolution
calls for. Each clause must address only one point or issue. Operative clauses can contain
sub-points as well as sub-sub-points for the sake of elaboration. Sub-points serve to detail
specific aspects of a point, and are to be numbered (a, b, c). Sub-sub-points are to be
numbered (i, ii, iii).
Your resolutions should address the who-what-where-why-when of the issue. They should be
comprehensive and should ensure the issue is tackled from all possible fronts.
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Remember that a full stop marks the end of the resolution. To differentiate between
different clauses or sub clauses, it is recommended to use semicolons (;).
Resolutions aim to provide solutions to problems discussed at the United Nations. It is also
important to stay concrete and realistic whilst formulating operative clauses. Every clause
needs to be viable in real life situations. The final clause serves as a conclusion, tying the
whole resolution together.
Sample Resolution
Forum: Economic and Financial Committee (GA2)
Question Of: Globalization and Interdependence: International Migration and Development
Main Submitter: Kenya
Signatories: Romania, St. Lucia
The General Assembly,
Noting that approximately three percent of the world’s population resides outside their place of birth:
as migrants,
Highlighting the radical differences in the living standards between More Economically Developed
Countries (MEDC’s) and Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDC’s),
Recalling resolutions 53/169 (1998), 54/231 (1999), 55/212 (2000), 56/209 (2001), 57/274 (2002),
58/225 (2003), 59/240 (2004) and 60/204 (2005) on the role of the United Nations in promoting
development in the context of globalization and interdependence,
Recalling also the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that all humans are born and
free and entitled to all rights and freedoms, without any distinction of color, race or origin,
Recalling further the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action adopted by the World Conference
on Human Rights,
Realizing that globalization effects all countries in many ways, exposing them to progressive and
damaging occurrences,
Concerned at the negative outcome of international financial commotion which affects people on a
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Deeply concerned about the insufficiency of courses to increase the similarities of living standards
between More Economically Developed Countries (MEDC’s) and Less Economically Developed
Countries (LEDC’s), thus fuelling poverty particularly in developing countries,
1. Emphasizes that the promotion and protection of human rights in all forms is first and
foremost the responsibility of the State;
2. Reaffirms that all countries hold primary responsibility for their own development, and that
national policies and development strategies should be persistently active to achieve
sustainable development;
3. equests all States and international organizations to thoroughly review their policies and
R
approaches to migration and apply due methods when considering regional and international
cooperation to combat the problems of undocumented or irregular migration, while granting
priority to the human rights of migrants, in default of discrimination;
4. Urges concrete measures are adopted by all States to prevent the abuse and violation of
human rights of migrants during transit, counting airports, ports, migration checkpoints and
borders by
a. Training public officials in the respective facilities to regard migrants with respect and
in accordance to the law of the State, and to only conform according to the applicable
law when prosecuting migrants, especially refraining from forms of torture as it is
violating human rights
b. Only implementing laws which deal with the prosecution of migrants that do not
violate the right to one’s life during the migrant’s transit in the respective State;
5. Strongly condemns any and all manifestations of racial, social, discriminatory and
xenophobic prejudice when in contact with migrants in all States by implementing the
existing laws against those who commit racist and xenophobic acts, with special emphasis on
border areas, so as to fully eradicate impunity;
a. Create the human and institutional capacity required when pursuing national policies
that improve modernization systems
8. Further urges the critical need to create and establish an unbiased, transparent and democratic
international system in view of building and strengthening the partnership between developed
and developing countries in international financial and economic decision-making and
promoting economic development in a world economy that benefits all people;
9. Decides to remain actively seized on the matter;
Format of a Clause
Ad hoc committees work on clauses rather than resolutions. This means that each
individual delegate will come up with a few clauses on their own, and the committee will
debate on individual clauses instead of a resolution.
The clauses made are in the format of operative clauses, and they require no signatories.
Amendments made will typically address the striking off of sub clauses, adding of sub
clauses, or modifying of the language used to frame the clause.
Moreover, delegates will not be expected to garner signatories for their clauses; they can
be directly submitted to the chair.
However, owing to the relatively simple format, it is expected that the clauses be
comprehensive and leave no questions to be asked about how they would be
implemented.
Each clause that is passed is added to an overarching resolution which is then voted upon
by the entire committee. In a way, the committee is constructing the resolution piece by
piece.
Sample Clause
Topic: Question of Prosecution of Mossack Fonseca and the Panama Papers Leak.
Main submitter: Germany*
*This clause was submitted to the Security Council by the delegate of Germany during MUN@DPSD 2016
1) Urges the Member Nations of the United Nations to undertake the following actions:
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a) Harmonizing the various national and international ‘black lists’ of tax offenders;
i) Uniform criteria for the final list will be determined by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development) taking into account tax and money laundering aspects;
b) Establishment of a global register of the beneficiaries of shell companies in tax havens across the world
with the following provisions;
i) The information will be collected by the national governments of these tax havens and will be shared with
the OECD.**
** Ideally, a clause should be slightly more detailed.
Format of a Directive
risis committees work on directives. In order for anyone to carry out any form of
C
action during committee, a delegate, a group of delegates, or the committee itself must
send a directive. Directives are shorter versions of Resolution and their content includes
clauses that usually deal with the issue on a short term basis.
The directives are made up of operative clauses, and they require no signatories.
Amendments made will typically address the striking off of sub clauses, adding of sub
clauses, or modifying the language used to frame the clause.
Due to the relatively short format, directives are expected to be detailed and propose
solutions to deal with the crisis quickly and efficiently. However, the directives may be less
intricate and detailed than those formulated for a conference-wide crisis (owing to the
rapid pace of committee discourse, of course). Passing a directive requires a simple
majority unless the proposed directive would require the approval of the dias i.e the
declaration of war and the enactment of sting operations.
Sample Directive:
ww.mun.bestdelegate.com
*This clause is obtained from w
In reaction to the current hostage situation in Libya, the US National Security Council determines to undertake
the following measures:
1. Direct intelligence sources to find the exact location of these hostages and the level of security and
surveillance in the area.
2. Prepare plans for the deployment of two Blackhawk helicopters and a team of Navy Seals to
commence the rescue mission at the order of this committee.
3. In cooperation with the government of Libya, secure and set up medical aid sites and hospitals outside
Tripoli to provide emergency medical care to the hostages once rescued.
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Once the location has been detected, report back to this committee before commencing the rescue operation.
Crisis
Occasionally, such a concern will arise that will call for all committees to pool their
resources and expertise to work together. In such situations, delegates no longer act
individually, but rather as part of a larger delegation comprising of all the delegates
representing their country this is known as a conference-wide crisis.
In the context of both the conference-wide crisis and committee crisis, debate is shaped
by random updates that build on their predecessors, resulting in extremely vast and
dynamic discussions. The ad hoc format is hence most appropriate, and is followed in such
crisis situations.
A situation can change quite drastically from one update to another, and delegates are
expected to change with it. Although you may start off the crisis as a staunch ally of Russia,
due to the changing circumstances, you may find yourself on the opposing ends of a chess
table.
A crisis also brings with it a wider variety of tools for delegates to experiment with. As it
develops, they will be allowed to make joint addresses with other delegations, make official
declarations on behalf of their country’s leader, and directly attack other delegates with
significantly less consequence. Some crisis specific tools are as follows:
1. Communiqués: These are the messages that delegates can send to another
country, organization, or more importantly the external world. They often include
negotiations, threats, and requests for aid. It is written in the form of a note that
contains the name/post of the recipient, the name/post of the author and the
message itself.
*[At MUN@DPSD’19 the use of communiques will be limited and only entertained
under the discretion of the dais]
2. Press releases: A press release is used to release information to the general public as
required by the needs of the committee or the situation at hand. These statements
can be made by individual delegates representing their countries or can be joint in
nature with two or more delegates representing nations delivering them together.
An important thing to keep in mind during a crisis is that a problem brought up in an earlier
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update unless explicitly resolved will still be in effect with the later updates. As such, it is
imperative that you try to resolve as many issues as you can as they arise as at it will only
pile up in the end.
If it’s a conference-wide crisis, delegates are expected to resolve the crisis before it
reaches a critical point. In the event that the assembled delegates are unable to mitigate
it, it will be deemed a failure and it will be referred to the Secretariat. As it reflects poorly on
the caliber of the delegates at the conference if this manages to happen, it is advised that
they do their level best to ensure a quick and effective resolution to the issue.
Lobbying
Lobbying is the informal process before a debate, in which you interact with other
delegates in your committee. This opportunity is to be used wisely. Gather support for your
resolution if you have one. If you don’t, seek out existing or potential allies and work with
them to amend a pre - existing resolution, or draft an entirely new one. Here is some advice
from the Chairs and experienced MUNers followed by some dos and don’ts to help you.
● “If you want to be the main submitter, try to be the one typing up the resolution. Also
while writing a resolution, don’t focus too much on the preambulatory clauses. Instead, pay
attention to the operative clauses. They’re the ones that matter. Ensure that your clauses
suggest solutions to the problem at hand and ways to implement the said solutions. Clauses
that merely outline the problem always end up getting bashed by other delegates”
● “Avoid resolution with vague or ‘open’ clauses, which leave the delegates free to
interpret them in their own way. Such clauses are inherently weak, and destroy the integrity
of the resolution. These resolutions are likely to be shot down by the house. Try to make your
operative clauses as detailed as possible.”
Do
1 Research before you attend a debate session.
2 Carry a laptop. It helps while researching the topic and while drafting the resolution.
3 Share your ideas with other delegates.
4 Encourage those who have co - submitted your resolution to speak about it.
5 Remember that it’s quality over quantity.
6 Exercise your voting power. While it is perfectly acceptable to abstain, it is better to
pick a side than to straddle the fence.
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Don’t
1 Be afraid to merge resolutions with other delegates. It makes up for a better overall
resolution.
2 Monopolize and prevent other delegates from voicing their opinions.
3 Support a resolution that you country wouldn't agree with.
Lobbying is the most critical part since it precedes debate. Good lobbying is a must if you
want to have good debate. Don’t waste the lobbying session.
Flow of Procedure
In order to make the conference a meaningful experience for everyone involved,
there are some rules of procedure that must be followed. They are designed to emulate
those followed by actual UN committees.
Resolution-based Committee
Ad Hoc Committee
1. Chair sets the agenda
2. The chair selects a clause to be debated and invites its main submitter to deliver
their opening remarks.
3. The chair sets an open debate time on the clause as a whole and selects speakers
to come up and talk on it.
4. If an amendment is submitted, the chair sets a closed debate time of a certain
number of speakers for and against it.
5. After time against elapses, the committee moves into voting procedure on the
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amendment.
6. When time on the clause as a whole elapses, it is voted upon by the committee.
7. The committee moves on to the next clause and/or agenda at hand.
Crisis Committee
1. Chair sets the agenda.
2. The chair selects a clause to be debated upon and invites its main submitter to
deliver their opening statement.
3. After delivering the opening statement, the speaker may choose to entertain POIs, if
any are present in committee at the time.
4. The chair sets an open debate time on the clause as a whole and selects speakers
to come up and talk on it.
5. After the speaker has concluded, they may choose to entertain POIs, if any are
present in the committee.
6. If an amendment is submitted, the chair sets a closed debate time of a certain
number of speakers for and against it.
7. After the time against elapses, the committee moves into voting procedure on the
amendment.
8. When time on the clause as a whole elapses, it is voted upon by the committee.
9. The committee may then proceed to move onto the next clause submitted.
10. A crisis update may be released by the chairs at any point of time in the committee.
The update may even be released while a speaker is still on the podium.
11. Chairs will read and explain the update and provide time for the discussion of any
and all POIs poised in committee for further clarification on the update as a whole.
12. Chairs will set lobbying time as per their discretion and request the submission of
presidential statements and clauses.
13. Once lobbying time elapses, the chair will select the next clause or presidential
statement to be discussed in the committee.
Points
Points are questions that delegates can ask the chair or speaker without having to
take the floor. They raise their placard and state their point once recognized by the chair. A
Point can be regarding the content of debate or procedural matters.
● Point of information:
A point of information is the most common type of point. It is used when a delegate would
like to make an amendment or ask the speaker a question on the debated item.
Delegates can ask for a follow up once the speaker has replied, unless they are
rejected by the chair. Points of information must always be poised in the form of a
question and can be an aggressive query to throw off the speaker, or can support
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Motions
A motion is a suggestion of some sort by a delegate to the house and requires a “second”
as support from another delegate. A motion tries to move the committee from current
position to the next position. The idea is to think of MUN debate as having several layers;
moving between the layers may be done in two ways:
1. Through motions
2. By orders of the chair.
The Chair may, at his/her discretion, decide to vote upon the motion, or to adopt/overrule
it without a vote in the interest of debate. The Chairs’ decisions on these matters are
unquestionable.
Academic Honesty
Academic honesty is a primary value at MUN. Dishonestly claiming authorship is plagiarism,
which is a form of cheating and stealing.
Plagiarism is defined as, “taking ideas or writings from another source and presenting them
as one’s own”. [ Merriam Webster, Web Dictionary]
Plagiarism can be considered valid in Position Papers, Speeches, and clauses or resolutions.
Please follow the guidelines below to avoid accidental plagiarism which will result in severe
consequences:
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Delegate's Handbook
MUN@DPSD’19 23
● Closely sourced clauses, statistics in clauses, and ideas highly similar to the original
clauses passed in the UN, must be stated to chairs prior to using them in speech,
debate, or written work (resolutions), to avoid situations of delegate accusation and
or otherwise.
● Always cite (also cite in speech) statistics, or particular explanations used during
debate. It adds more authenticity to those listening and prevents plagiarism.
● Avoid chunks taken from other sources (books, websites) in written work such as but
not limited to Position Papers.
● Always use other delegate’s clause ideas with their consent and otherwise avoid
using them. Also always ensure that if a particular delegate has submitted clauses,
you acknowledge them for this through adding them as sponsors and yielding the
floor to them in matters with relation to the clause.
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