From Tulip To Rose
From Tulip To Rose
From Tulip To Rose
by
Barry L. Callen
By the eighteenth century Calvinistic theology had solidified into dogmatic assertions about
the being of a sovereign God and God's relations to the fallen creation. Formalized at the Synod of
Dort (1618-1619), this "TULIP" solidification had become firm Calvinistic dogma. Hardly a
fragrant flower lacking rigid and defensive thorns, this particular theological TULIP consisted of
the five affirmed articles of Dort issued in response to the Anninian Remonstrance of 1610. These
articles were: (1) Total depravity; (2) Unconditional election; (3) Limited atonement; (4)
Irresistible grace; and (5) Perseverance of the saints. The five petals of this TULIP are tightly
interconnected as the logical chain that would become standard theological thinking for much of
evangelicalism in the twentieth century.
John Wesley carried on a long debate with Calvinists, especially the Calvinist George
Whitefield. He certainly endorsed the fundamental concepts of a sovereign God and a fallen
creation, but his view of the relational and redeeming nature of the sovereign God disallowed any
unqualified unfolding of at least points 2-5 of Dart's TULIP. In the North American evangelical
community of the last half of the twentieth century, this debate has continued. Wesley's view
managed to gain only a minority position. This now may be changing, at least to some significant
degree. A school of thought sometimes called "Free-Will Theism" has been pioneered by
theologian Clark H. Pinnock.
Since the 1970s, the theological work of Clark Pinnock has taken up the task of renewing
1
evangelical theology . In large part this renewal has proceeded by Pinnock' s often controversial
effort to freshly champion on the contemporary evangelical scene key theistic and soteriological
insights similar to those of John Wesley. As it was in the eighteenth century, Pinnock' s
contemporary path often has been hazardous since dogmatic (scholastic) Calvinists remain fixed on
the TULIP of Dort.2 Even so, considerable progress is now being made to "liberate" God from
certain non-biblical and rationalistic strictures. Emerging again is the sovereign but also "open" and
"risking" God in whom Wesley rejoiced and about whom the troubled world of this new
millennium needs to know.
The present task of Pinnock and others is to replace TULIP with what is perceived by them
to be the more biblically authentic and pastorally satisfying ROSE (God is Relational, Open,
Suffering, and Ever-present). The new flower paradigm captures the heart of Wesley, is at the
center of Pinnock' s work since the 1970s, and is a source of hope for contemporary Christian
theism. What follows is a brief tracing of the theological journey that has brought Pinnock to this
revised theism and the central elements of the new theological flower as it has emerged in his
pioneering work.
During the 1950s Clark Pinnock, then a new Christian living in Toronto, Canada, was
introduced to some of the key institutions of North American evangelicalism. He attended an early
1
See Barry L. Callen, Journey Toward Renewal: An Intellectual Biography of Clark
H. Pinnock (Nappanee, IN: Evangel Publishing House, 2000).
2
0ne exception is the Calvinist Norman Geisler who nuances aspects of "TULIP"
into a "moderate" instead of an "extreme" Calvinism. He judges an extreme Calvinist to be
one who is more Calvinistic than John Calvin himself (Chosen But Free, Bethany House
Publishers, 1999, 55).