Chapter 9-Static Equilibrium
Chapter 9-Static Equilibrium
Chapter 9-Static Equilibrium
Changes in Office-
Office-hours
The following changes will take place until the end of the semester
Office-hours:
- Monday, 12:00-13:00h
- Wednesday, 14:00-15:00h
- Friday, 13:00-14:00h
Old assignments and midterm exams
(solutions have been posted on
the web)
can be picked up in my office
(LB-212)
All marks, including assignments, have
been posted on the web.
http://ilc2.phys.uregina.ca/~barbi/academic/phys109/marks.pdf
Displacement x θ x = rθ
Velocity v ω v = rω
Acceleration a α a = rα
Kinetic Energy
Newton’s 2nd Law
Equations of motion
Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
1) Angular momentum
(8-26)
(8-27)
Eq. 8-27 represents the work done by the torque τ when rotating an object
through an angle ∆θ.
(8-28)
Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
3) Impulse in angular momentum
(8-29)
Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
4) Generalized for of Newton’s 2nd Law
(8-30)
(8-31)
Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
Subscript 1 represents before the collision, and subscript 2 represents after the
collision. The people have no initial angular momentum.
L1 = L 2 → I 1ω 1 = I 2 ω 2 →
I1 I m-g-r I m-g-r
ω 2 = ω1 = ω1 = ω1 2
I2 I m-g-r + I people I
m-g-r + 4 M person
R
1760 kg m 2
= ( 0.80 rad s ) 2
= 0.48 rad s
1760 kg m + 4 ( 65 kg )( 2.1 m )
2
If the people jump off the merry-go-round radially, then they exert no torque on the
merry-go-round, and thus cannot change the angular momentum of the merry-go-
round. The merry-go-round would continue to rotate at .0.80 rad/s.
The Conditions for Equilibrium
So far, we have worried about motion (velocity) and change of motion (net
acceleration).
However, there are many situations where we want to make sure objects remain
in their original configuration of motion: at rest or constant velocity.
In this lecture, we will deal with that situation where the original state of motion of
an object is such that it is at rest.
As we have seen, for an object to remain in its state of rest NO net force
should act on it in other words, it does not have any acceleration.
If external or internal net forces acts on an object, it can deform or fracture it.
We want to find a state the equilibrium such that the object is not subjected to
fractures or deformations
The Conditions for Equilibrium
Static
Static is the area of physics concerned about the calculation of the forces acting
on structures that are in equilibrium.
No matter what, there is always at least one force acting on a object: gravity.
(9-1)
120o
The Conditions for Equilibrium
Second condition of equilibrium
(9-2)
l
In the figure, the sign supported by a beam of l/2
length l mounted by a hinge on a wall is in
equilibrium. Chosen the hinge as the center of
rotation, and counterclockwise as positive:
The Conditions for Equilibrium
4. Choose any axis perpendicular to the plane of the forces and write the torque
equilibrium equation. A clever choice here can simplify the problem
enormously.
5. Make sure you correctly identify the components of the forces that can
contribute to rotational motion. Forces that have zero lever arm do not
contribute to rotational motion.
6. Solve.
Solving Statics Problems
If you do not know the direction a force, just assume a generic one.
For example, assume that FB points up and FA is unknown in the figure below.
You initially assume that FA points up and then try to find the conditions of
equilibrium for this problem. You also assume that the axis of rotation passes
through the point of application of FA and that counterclockwise is positive.
FA in your solution comes negative. It just means that it’s in the opposite direction
from the one you chose. This is trivial to fix, so don’t worry about getting all the
signs of the forces right before you start solving.
Solving Statics Problems
If there is a cable or cord in the problem, it can support forces only along its
length. Forces perpendicular to that would cause it to bend.
Problem 9-1 (textbook): Three forces are applied to a tree sapling, as shown in
Fig. 9–41, to stabilize it. If and , find in magnitude and
direction.
Problem 9-1 :
∑F x
= FA + FB cos110 + FC x = 0 →
FC x = − FA − FB cos110 = −310 N − ( 425 N ) cos110 = −164.6 N
∑F y
= FB sin + FC y = 0 →
FC y = − FB sin 110 = − ( 425 N ) sin 110 = −399.4 N
−1
FC y −399.4 N
θ = tan = tan −1 = 67.6 o , φ = 180 o − 67.6 o = 112.4 o ≈ 112 o
FC x −164.6 N
(a) the tension FT in the wire that supports the 27-kg beam shown in Fig. 9–52, and
r
(b) the force FW exerted by the wall on the beam (give magnitude and direction).
Problem 9-18 :
(a)
The beam is in equilibrium, and so the net force and net torque
on the beam must be zero. From the free-body diagram for the
beam, calculate the net torquer (counterclockwise positive) about
the wall support point to find FT , and calculate the netr force in
both the x and y directions to find the components of FW .
L
∑ τ = F L sin 40
T
o
− mg L 2 = 0 →
mg ( 27 kg ) ( 9.80 m s2 ) = 205.8 N ≈
FT = = 2.1 × 10 2 N
2 sin 40 o 2 sin 40 o
∑F x
= FW x − FT cos 40o = 0 → FW x = FT cos 40o = ( 205.8 N ) cos 40o = 157.7 N
∑F y
= FW y + FT sin 40o − mg = 0 →
( )
FW y = mg − FT sin 40 o = ( 27 kg ) 9.80 m s 2 − ( 205.8 N ) sin 40 o = 132.3 N
Problem 9-18 :
(b)
∑F x
= FW x − FT cos 40o = 0 → FW x = FT cos 40o = ( 205.8 N ) cos 40o = 157.7 N
∑F y
= FW y + FT sin 40o − mg = 0 →
( )
FW y = mg − FT sin 40 o = ( 27 kg ) 9.80 m s 2 − ( 205.8 N ) sin 40 o = 132.3 N
−1
FW y −1 132.3
θ = tan = tan = 40 o
FW x 157.7
Problem 9-27 (textbook): Consider a ladder with a painter climbing up it (Fig. 9–
61). If the mass of the ladder is 12.0 kg, the mass of the painter is 55.0 kg, and the
ladder begins to slip at its base when her feet are 70% of the way up the length of the
ladder, what is the coefficient of static friction between the ladder and the floor?
Assume the wall is frictionless.
Problem 9-27:
The ladder is in equilibrium, so the net torque and net force must be zero.
By stating that the ladder is on the verge of slipping, the static frictional force at the
ground, FC x , is at its maximum value and so:
FC x = µ s FC y
∑F x
= FC x − F W = 0 → FC x = F W
∑F y
= FG y − M g − mg = 0 →
(
FG y = ( M + m ) g = ( 67.0 kg ) 9.80 m s 2 = 656.6 N )
∑τ = FW L y − mg ( 12 L x ) − M gd x = 0
Ly
g= 2
4.0 m
( 9.80 m s ) = 327.1 N
2
FG x 32 7 .1 N
The coefficient of friction then is found to be µs = = = 0 .5 0
FG y 65 6 .6 N