AA31003 Topic 6 PDF
AA31003 Topic 6 PDF
AA31003 Topic 6 PDF
TOPIC 6:
ORGANOLOGY
MEMBRANOPHONES
1. Frame Drums
- narrow body like a frame, large head
eg. rabana (Tidong), kompang (Malay)
Tidong rabana
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Membranophones (cont.)
2. Drums
- long body with one or two heads
eg. single-headed native Sabah drums with tuning pegs
tontog (Rungus), karatung (Kadazandusun);
double-headed native drum gandang;
double-headed red barrel-shaped gandang (Iranun,
west coast Bajau);
double-headed brass-bodied snare drum tambol
(east coast Bajau).
In Sabah, 1 or 2 drums may be played with gong
ensembles, according to culture.
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Huli tabage
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Single-headed karatung with few binsolot (tuning pegs), Kg. Nambayan, Tambunan
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Double-headed gandang
From Kg. Hungab, Penampang
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Pair of barrel-shaped gandang used
In the Iranun, Bajau and Tindal Dusun
gong ensembles of Kota Belud
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Tambol of the Bajau from Semporna
Instruments & Instrumental Music
IDIOPHONES
1. Metalophones – bells, hanging gongs, kettle gongs (gong chimes), metal
xylophones, struck with beaters
Metal Xylophones
- salun of Bajau and Iranun of Kota Belud (often solo)
- kuintangan of Kadazandusun of Papar
- gelundang of the Tidong of Tawau
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Some gongs from the sopogandangan ensemble from Tambunan
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Iranun kulintangan from Kg. Marabau, Kota Belud
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Metal gelundang xylophone of the Tidong of Tawau
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Gong Ensembles
- each community has its own characteristic
gong ensemble
- gong ensembles may accompany dance in ritual contexts, or in non-
ritual contexts
- they may play few pieces (as for many interior
communities), or may have large repertoires of music (as in
communities that have the kulintangan)
1. Flutes
- mouth flutes
eg. Kadazandusun suling, Iranun suling
played for entertainment
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Flutes (cont.)
- nose flutes
eg. turali of Dusunic communities (also
known as turahi in Tambunan, tuahi in
Penampang)
- played for personal expression, generally in
happy contexts, but in Penampang and
parts of Tambunan is expresses melancholy
when remembering a deceased relative
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Lotud Dusun turali (left); modern
mouth turali from Tambunan (below)
Instruments & Instrumental Music
2. Mouthorgans
- sompoton of Dusunic communities (originally from
Tambunan), also found amongst some Murutic
communities and in Paitanic communities along the
Kinabatangan
- sigi a small rare mouthorgan of the Kadazandusun in
the Kiulu to Ranau areas
3. Jaw’s Harps
- made from polod palm skin (Iranun tapikan)
eg. Kadazandusun bungkau,
Lotud Dusun uriding,
Iranun kubing.
Instruments & Instrumental Music
4. Horns
- bas of the Lundayeh community (brought
to Kalimantan from Sulawesi by
Minehasan teachers)
- played in Rurum Lun Suling pipe band
- groups of men play bas of various sizes
to accompany women playing groups of
lun suling sideblown flutes.
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Rurum Lun Suling of the Lundayeh
bas
Instruments & Instrumental Music
CHORDOPHONES
- musical bows, zithers, lutes (bowed,
plucked), harps, lyres.
2. Lutes
Lutes have a long neck joined to a body, with
strings stretched along the neck from a
bridge on the lower front of the body to the
tuning pegs at the top of the neck
- Can be strummed, plucked or bowed
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Strummed Lutes
- sundatang, long-necked strummed lute of the
Kadazandusun and Rungus; made from jackfruit tree wood
- 2 or 3 brass strings; frets may lie flat across the neck (as
for Tambunan sundatang), or be raised in sopinit gum
under the string (as for Penampang and Rungus
sundatang)
- Played in non-ritual contexts for entertainment or to
accompany dance
- gagayan = larger version from the Lotud community, often
played by men in duet (batangkung)
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Kadazandusun sundatang (left);
two Lotud gagayan (right) perform a duet (batangkung)
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Plucked Lute
- gambus = plucked lute of Arabic origin
played in Brunei and Tidong communities
- Body and neck of instrument made from one
piece of jackfruit wood; body hollowed out
and covered with monitor lizard skin.
- 3 pairs of sympathetic strings, plucked with
plectrum of pangolin scale
- Accompanies zapin (Tidong japin) dance
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Gambus
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Bowed Lute
- biola (Bajau) / biula (Iranun)
- 3-stringed bowed lute of Arabic origin
(resembles violin), played in the Bajau and
Iranun communities, especially in the genre
isun-isun (Bajau) / pamiula (Iranun)
- hand-adjusted bow has string made from
horse hairs.
Instruments & Instrumental Music
Iranun biula (below), Bajau biola (right)
from Kota Belud
Instruments & Instrumental Music
WHAT KINDS OF INSTRUMENTS DO YOU
HAVE IN YOUR CULTURE?