Lesson 2B Implementation of Nursing Care of The Older Adult Psychosocial Care of Older Adult
Lesson 2B Implementation of Nursing Care of The Older Adult Psychosocial Care of Older Adult
Lesson 2B Implementation of Nursing Care of The Older Adult Psychosocial Care of Older Adult
LESSON 2B
Implementation of Nursing Care of the Older Adult
Hearing
Peripheral hearing sensitivity, as measured by the audiogram, is impaired in
around a third of 61–70 year olds
Ageing can also affect suprathreshold auditory processing
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LESSON GUIDE
DEMENTIA
Dementia is a general term that refers to progressive, degenerative brain dysfunction,
including deterioration in memory, concentration, language skills, visuospatial skills, and reasoning,
that interferes with a person’s daily functioning. Although dementia is much more common in older
adults than in younger persons, it is not considered a normal part of aging. The most common type
of dementia (see Box 10-2) is Alzheimer’s disease (AD), named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who first
described the condition about 100 years ago. AD did not begin to be commonly diagnosed and
systemically studied until the 1970s (Alzheimer’s Association, 2016). The most recent edition of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-V) classified AD as one type of major
neurocognitive disorder, and this term is often used by mental health care providers (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013).
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Social pressures
Ageing immune system
Stress, Coping & Ageing by Bernard Lau, 1994
SPIRITUALITY
Spirituality encompasses but is not limited to religiosity (Barnum, 2011; Touhy & Jett,
2014).
Spirituality is highly personal, whereas religions involves organizational ties (Barnum,
2011). -
“In planning holistic nursing care; thus, it is important to consider all dimensions of
the concept perceived by the older client. Shelly and Miller, in their book Called to
Care: A Christian Worldview for Nursing (2006), caution that “the spiritual world is
not neutral” (p. 97). By putting this term in full context, the nurse will gain a better
understanding of spirituality in view of (1) the client’s relationship with himself or
herself (intrapersonal), (2) the client’s relationship with others (interpersonal), and (3)
the client’s relationship with another higher entity greater than himself or herself
(transpersonal).
In the first spiritual dimension, the focus is on the individual and how that
individual feels about and relates to himself as a human being.
In the second dimension of spirituality, the individual references core
values and uses them as standards to guide behaviors and relationships
with other people.
In the third dimension of spirituality, the view is broadened to focus on the
relationship between the individual and a greater entity or power (God,
Deity, Allah, Mother-Earth, Nature, etc.), a higher other. this third dimension
relies strongly on the individual’s faith and confidence in self within the context
of a “bigger picture” that transcends life on earth as we know it, viewing life
purpose in an even larger context (Koenig, 2006).
SEXUALITY
Sexuality in older age is influenced by numerous physiological changes that occur as
part of the ageing process in both men and women, as well as by multiple
psychosocial and socioenvironmental factors (56).
Because older age is also a period of increased risk of disease, these underlying
changes will often be complicated by the need to deal with diseases that may have
physical effects on sexual function.
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Thus, a recent survey of middle-aged and older people in 29 countries identified the
most common dysfunctions among women
SELF
PERCEPTION
SELF CONCEPT
SPIRITUALITY
STRESS &
COPING
SEXUALITY
What I How
What
need to can I do
What I else do I
do with it and
know? need to
what i do it
know?
know? well?