02 - AC Networks PDF

AC Network
© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. – Workshop Notes: AC Network

ETAP Overview
• One-Line Diagram • Mode Toolbar
• Toolbar Format • System Toolbar
• Dumpster • Study Case Toolbar
• Project View • Message Log
• Project Toolbar
© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network

Slide 2
Select Mode
Edit Mode: Drag/Drop &
Connect Elements
Study Mode: Load Flow,
Short-Circuit, … etc.
Project View
Edit Toolbar
AC Elements
DC Elements
Instrument
Devices
System
Toolbar
Message Logger
One-Line Diagram Help Line View the latest
In Edit Mode Displays the messages related to
description for ETAP Projects.
every entry field. It can be expanded
or reduced.

Slide 3
Mode Toolbar Format

Slide 4
Analysis Toolbar Format
Analysis toolbars have the following sections:
1. Run the Calculation

2. Display Options
3. Display Alerts
4. View the Generated Reports
5. Stop the Calculation
6. Get On-Line Data
7. Get Archived Data
All ETAP analysis toolbars follow this general format.
Slide 5
Pointer Bus
2W XFMR 3W XFMR Pointer Bus

Cable Trans. Line
Reactor Cable Impedance
Impedance
Power Grid Generator Converter
Wind Turbine Gen MG Set
Synch. Motor
Battery
Induction Machine
Lumped Load MOV Motor Static Load
Static Load Capacitor
Panels Harmonic Filter Lumped Load Elementary Diagram
Remote Connector Phase Adapter
Composite
HVDC Motor Composite Network
SVC
Composite Motor Composite Network
CB
Contactor
Fuse
Fuse
HVCB LVCB SPST SPDT
Recloser
In-Line Overload Relay
UPS VFD
Overload Heater
SPST SPDT Charger
Inverter
Instrumentation Ground Grid
Display Options Schedule Report Manager

Slide 6
Current Transformer Potential Transformer
Voltmeter Ammeter
Multimeter
Voltage Relay 27 / 59 Reverse Power Relay
Frequency Relay 81 Solid State Trip Relay
Motor Relay Overcurrent Relay 50/51/67
Overload Heater Multi Function Relay
Taglink
Slide 7
Run Load Flow Calculation
RCAS
Display Options
Load Flow Alerts
Load Flow Report Manager

Stop Calculation
Get On-Line Data

Get Archived Data
Load Flow Comparator
Load Flow Result

Analyzer
Slide 8
Run Unbalanced Load Flow
Display Options
Load Flow Alerts
Load Flow Report Manager
Stop Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data
Load Flow Comparator

Slide 9
3-Phase SC Duty Calculation
1-Phase SC Duty Calculation
½ Cycle Unbalanced LG, LL, LLG & 3-Phase

½ to 4 Cycle Unbalanced LG, LL, LLG & 3-Phase
30 Cycle Unbalanced LG, LL, LLG & 3-Phase

Arc Flash Analysis (NFPA 70E & IEEE 1584)
Short-Circuit Display Options
Short-Circuit Alerts for Buses & PDs

Short-Circuit Report Manager
Stop Calculation
Get On-Line Data

Get Archived Data
Slide 10
3-Phase SC IEC Duty Calculation
1-Phase SC IEC Duty Calculation
909 Unbalanced LG, LL, LLG & 3-Phase
Transient IEC 363
Arc Flash Analysis (NFPA 70E & IEEE 1584)
Short-Circuit Display Options
Short-Circuit Alerts for Buses & PDs
Short-Circuit Report Manager
IEC 363 Plots / Export COMTRADE
Stop SC Calculations
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 11
Run Dynamic Motor Acceleration
Run Static Motor Starting
Motor Starting Display Options
Motor Starting Alerts
Motor Starting Report Manager
Motor Starting Plot Options
Stop Motor Starting Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 12
Run Harmonic Load Flow Calculation
Run Frequency Scan
Harmonic Analysis Display Options
Harmonic Analysis Alerts
Harmonic Analysis Report Manager
Harmonic Analysis Plots
Stop HA Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 13
Run Transient Stability Calculation
TS Display Options
TS Alerts (Future)
TS Report Manager
TS Action List
Transient Stability Plots
Stop TS Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 14
Create STAR View
Append to STAR View
Run / Update SC Clipping kA
Sequence of Operation
Display Options
Report Manager
Device Settings Report
Stop Calculation
Sequence Viewer
Slide 15
Run Optimal Power Flow
OPF Display Options
OPF Report Manager
Stop OPF Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 16
Run Reliability Assessment Calculation
RA Display Options
RA Report Manager
RA Plots
Stop RA Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 17
Run Optimal Capacitor Placement
OCP Display Options
OCP Alerts
OCP Report Manager
OCP Plots
Stop OCP Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 18
Run DC Load Flow Calculation
DCLF Display Options
DCLF Report Manager
Stop DCLF Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 19
Run DC Short-Circuit Calculation
DCSC Display Options
DCSC Report Manager
Stop DCSC Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 20
Run Battery Sizing
Run Battery Discharge
Battery Size / Discharge

Display Options
DCBS / DCBD Report

Manager
Battery Discharge Plots
Stop DCBS/DCBD Calculation
Get On-Line Data
Get Archived Data

Slide 21
Create a New Presentation

Slide 22
Add Elements
Bus ID = (Default ID) + (A Unique Number) = Bus + 1 = Bus1

Slide 23
Connect Element - Bus
• Place the cursor over the pin of an element (pin
appears in red).
• Drag an element and place its pin on a bus.
• Drop a new element with its pin on top of a bus.
• Buses are considered to be one long pin.
Connections are always made from elements to
buses.
• Relays cannot be connected to buses.
• Only one pin of an element can be connected to
the same bus.
Slide 24
Connect Element - Element
• Place the cursor on the pin of an element. Click
and drag the mouse to the element you want to
connect. When the latter element’s pin turns red,
release the left button.
• Drag & drop a protective device with its pin placed
on top of the pin of any branch or load element.
• Drag & drop a protective device onto a connection.
• Branches CANNOT be connected to each other;
PowerStation automatically inserts a bus between
them.
Slide 25
• Branches CANNOT be connected to each other;
PowerStation automatically inserts a bus between
them.
• Branches CANNOT be connected to loads, utilities,
composite motors, and composite networks.
• Relays can only be connected to current
transformers (CT) or other relays.
• You CANNOT directly connect two buses with a
connector or current transformer.

Slide 26

Slide 27
The Remote Connector

Slide 28
Insert Protective Devices
Example
A Circuit Breaker and Fuse are Inserted Between Bus1 and T1.

Slide 29
Move From Dumpster
• Elements can be moved from the Dumpster
into the one-line diagram with the same IDs
by two methods:
– Right-click on the one-line diagram and select

Move From
– Click on Edit on the Menu Bar and select Move

From

Slide 30
Move From Dumpster
• Rules:
– Move From Dumpster can be done only in

Edit mode when Base Data is active.
– Move CANNOT be done if there are no

Cells (element groups) in the Dumpster.
– When you move a Dumpster Cell to the

one-line diagram, the desired cell needs to
be active and it gets deleted from the
Dumpster after being moved.
Slide 31
Move From Dumpster
• Move any Dumpster Cell you desire by making it
active from the Dumpster presentation
• Entire contents of a cell are moved
• Move any Dumpster Cell into any Composite
Network (cannot move cells that contain buses and
branches into a composite motor)
• Sections 1 and 2 of the Remote Connector must
be moved from the dumpster at the same time
• IDs of the moved elements, along with the
connections, status, and properties are preserved
Slide 32
Creating a Project
Enter four new elements into the one-line diagram and proceed
to enter the input data for each element
Power Grid
1250 MVAsc
X/R = 120
Bus kV Rating Transformer T1

Bus 1 = 13.8 20 MVA
Bus 2 = 4.16 %Z=6
X/R = 17
Lumped Load
5 MVA
% PF = 80
Rated kV= 4
70% Motor Load

Slide 33
Once all the elements have been
connected and the input data has
been entered, you may proceed
to run a Load Flow Calculation.

Slide 34
•Enter four more elements into the
one-line diagram.
•Extend the size of Bus2
•Proceed to connect them and enter
the required LF data.
Cable
NEC EPR 133%
5.0kV Mag
3/C CU
Transformer T2
Size= 4/0
MVA= 1
Length=200ft
Typical %Z & X/R
Bus kV Rating
Bus3= 4.16
Bus4= 0.480
Lumped Load Lump2

MVA= 0.5
%PF=85
Rated kV = 0.46
50% Motor Load

Slide 35
Once all the elements have
been connected and the input
data has been entered, you
may proceed to run a Load
Flow Calculation.

Slide 36
• Extend the length of Bus2
towards the right side.
Gen1
Rating:
• Add a Generator Gen1 5 MW
• Rotate Gen1 180º using Voltage Control
<SHIFT+R> %PF = 80
• Connect & proceed to enter Generation Category:
required input data for Load Design
Flow MW = 5
Qmax = 5
Qmin = 1

Slide 37
• Once the Generator has been
connected and the input data has been
entered, you may proceed to run a Load
Flow Calculation.

Slide 38
1. Extend the length of Bus1
towards the right side.
2. Copy elements T1, Bus2,

Lump1, Cable1, T2, Bus4
and Lump2.
3. Move elements from 4. Insert a normally open Tie

Dumpster and connect Breaker between Bus4 and
them to Bus1. Bus5.

Slide 39
• Rubber band both branches connected to Bus2 and
Bus7.
• Cut all the highlighted elements.
• Insert a Composite Network and connect between Bus2

and Bus7.
• Open the Composite Network and move the elements
from the dumpster into the Network1 window.
• Connect the cables back to their original buses.

Slide 40
• Insert High Voltage Circuit Breakers at the indicated
locations.
• Insert Low Voltage Circuit Breakers inside the

Composite network and place them before the
Lumped Loads.

Slide 41
3D Database

Slide 42
Study Conditions
• Different Operating Requirements
Generator 1 in Voltage Generator 1 in Swing Mode

Control Mode
Slide 43
Study Conditions
• Different Loading Conditions
Summer Loading Winter Loading

Slide 44
Study Conditions
• Different Configurations
Configuration Normal Configuration GenOFF

Slide 45
Study Conditions
• Different Engineering Data
Revision Base Revision Sub2a Mod

Slide 46
3-D Database
Presentations Configurations
Symbol & CB, Fuse, Switch,
Annotation Load, & Motor
Visibility, Status
Location,
& Size
Properties
Nameplate,
Rating, Loading,
Settings, Dimension, etc.
Base & Revision Data
Slide 47
Presentations
Symbol &
Annotation
Visibility,
Location,
& Size
 One-Line Diagrams
 Impedance Diagrams
 Relay Diagrams
 Physical Diagrams

 Study Diagrams
Slide 48
Configurations
CB, Fuse, Switch,
Load, & Motor
Status

Slide 49
Properties
Properties
Nameplate,
Rating, Loading,
Settings, Dimension, etc.
Base & Revision Data
Slide 50
User Access Management
Group 1 Functions
Move Elements
Change Element Size
Change Element Symbol
Change Element Orientation
Edit Engineering Properties
Change Operating Status
Hide or Show Protective Devices
Autoroute Connections
Change Bus to Node Symbols
Purge Data Revisions
Merge Data Revisions to Other Revisions
Slide 51
Group 2 Functions
Add (Drop) Elements
Cut (Delete) Elements to Dumpster
Copy Elements from Dumpster
Paste Elements from Dumpster
Move Elements from Dumpster
Connect Elements
Purge Elements from Dumpster
Re-sizing Elements (UGS)
Merge Data Revision to Base Data
Graphical Adjustment of STAR
Views
Slide 52
Group 3 Functions
Change Phase/Ground mode in
Star View.
Compute Time Difference in Star
View.
View Alerts.
View Device Setting Reports.

Slide 53
Project Editor
Can Cannot
Change Change
User Access Management X
Project Data / Defaults X
Base Data X
Revision Data X
Group 1 Changes X
Group 2 Changes X
Group 3 Changes X
Configuration Status X
Library Data X
Library Path X
Slide 54
Base Editor
Can Cannot
Change Change
Base Data X
Revision Data X
Group 1 Changes X
Group 2 Changes X
Group 3 Changes X
Library Data X
Library Path X
Slide 55
Revision Editor
Can Cannot
Change Change
Base Data X
Revision Data X
Group 1 Changes X
Group 2 Changes X
Group 3 Changes X
Library Data X
Library Path X
Slide 56
Checker
Can Cannot
Check Change
Base Data X X
Revision Data X X
Group 1 Changes X
Group 2 Changes X
Group 3 Changes – Can Change
Library Data X
Library Path X
Slide 57
Circuit Arrangements
• Radial System
• Loop System
• Primary Selective System
• Secondary Selective System

Slide 58
Radial System
• Simple or Expanded Radial
– Inverted tree
– No duplications
– Least Expensive
– Simple in operation
– Easy to analyze

Slide 59
Loop System
• Interconnected / Open Point
• Loads are tapped of the loop
• Loop could be open or closed
• More difficult for analysis
• Reliable

Slide 60
Primary Selective System
• Each transformer is supplied by two sources
• Normal operation is to supply half the load
from one source
• Manual or Automatic transfer of load
• Recommended

Slide 61
Primary Selective System
Slide 62
Secondary Selective System
• Each load can be supplied from either one of

the transformers
• The tie breaker is usually normally open
• If one of the transformers is out of service,
the tie breaker is closed and the total load is
supplied by the remaining transformer
• Very reliable system

Slide 63

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AC Network

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. – Workshop Notes: AC Network

• Toolbar Format • System Toolbar

• Dumpster • Study Case Toolbar

• Project View • Message Log

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network

1. Run the Calculation

2W XFMR 3W XFMR Pointer Bus

Display Options Schedule Report Manager

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network

Load Flow Alerts

Load Flow Report Manager

Get On-Line Data

Load Flow Result

Load Flow Alerts

Load Flow Report Manager

Get On-Line Data

Get Archived Data

Load Flow Comparator

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network

½ Cycle Unbalanced LG, LL, LLG & 3-Phase

30 Cycle Unbalanced LG, LL, LLG & 3-Phase

Short-Circuit Alerts for Buses & PDs

Get On-Line Data

Get Archived Data

Run Static Motor Starting

Motor Starting Display Options

Motor Starting Alerts

Motor Starting Report Manager

Motor Starting Plot Options

Stop Motor Starting Calculation

Get On-Line Data

Get Archived Data

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network

Run Frequency Scan

Harmonic Analysis Display Options

Harmonic Analysis Alerts

Harmonic Analysis Report Manager

Harmonic Analysis Plots

Get On-Line Data

Get Archived Data

Transient Stability Plots

Get On-Line Data

Get Archived Data

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network

Append to STAR View

Run / Update SC Clipping kA

Device Settings Report

OPF Display Options

OPF Report Manager

Stop OPF Calculation

Get On-Line Data

Get Archived Data

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network

Get On-Line Data

Get Archived Data

© 1996-2009 Operation Technology, Inc. - Workshop Notes: AC Network