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IoT based sensor enabled smart car parking for advanced driver assistance
system

Conference Paper · May 2017

DOI: 10.1109/RTEICT.2017.8256988

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 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference On Recent Trends in Electronics Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), May 19-20, 2017, India

IoT Based Sensor Enabled Smart Car Parking for

Advanced Driver Assistance System
Mahendra B M Dr Savita Sonoli Nagaraj bhat
RV Collage of Engineering, Bengaluru, RYMEC, Bellari. RV collage of engineering, Bengaluru,
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Raju, Raghu T
RV Collage of Engineering, Bengaluru, RV Collage of Engineering, Bengaluru,
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Smart parking systems typically obtain updating and deleting database which is maintained at central
information about available parking spaces in a server and android application provides user interface, allows
particular geographic area and process it in real-time to user to get real time status of parking slots, to book parking
facilitate vehicle parking at available positions. One of slot and also displays parking charge which has to be paid.
the key issues that smart cities relate to is car parking User authentication is accomplished by using unique ID
facilities and traffic management systems. Internet of which adhaar card number. The system not only provides
Things (IoT) enables the connectivity between ease to user for car parking but also reduces traffic which
surrounding environmental things to internet and makes occurs due to dead locking of cars while parking and also
easy to access those things from any remote location. The saves fuel consumption of car by avoiding unnecessary
effective use of an IoT technology can ease human life in traveling through filled parking lots which in turn reduces
some aspects. The proposed work is one of the carbon dioxide emission in atmosphere. The many efforts
applications of combination of IoT and cloud computing have made to solve the above mentioned problem and are
technology. The objective of this work is to design, explained as follows:
analyze and implement “IoT based sensor enabled car
parking system”, this enables the user to pre reserve IoT based smart car parking system in paper [1] ultrasonic
parking slot from remote place with the help of mobile sensors are used for detecting the availability of parking slot.
application. Authentication of the valid booking is Each sensor is attached with a Wi-Fi chip. The gateway
incorporated to benefit valid user. This system is comprises raspberry pi board which updates the cloud using
implemented using low-cost IR sensors, Raspberry-Pi MQTT protocol. Mobile application is provided for user
model 3b for real-time data collection, E-Parking mobile interface. Implementation cost of system is high as every
application. E-Parking mobile application is developed sensing node has its own Wi-Fi chip.
using android studio having baseband version of android
4.3. Parking availability prediction for sensor-enabled car parks
in smart cities in paper [2] the waiting time is predicted
based on the variable parameters such as time of the day, day
Keywords— IoT; Raspberry pi; ADAS;E-parking application; of week , weather, temperature ,humidity. The algorithm
User authentication. used for prediction is Regression tree, Support vector
regression, and neural network.
I. INTRODUCTION Parking is easier by using context information of a smart city
More than half of the world population lives in the urban in paper [3], The system defines four parking states which
areas so the cities have reached its full occupancy. As a are Available parking space, Reserved parking space, In use
result number of vehicles in the cities is also increased. Due parking space, load/unload parking space. The NFC
to this most of the people spend their valuable time on technology is used here for wireless payment. Geomagnetic
searching parking slots to park their vehicles. It is hectic job sensors are used for detecting presence of car. Major
to find parking space to park their vehicles. Work proposed disadvantage of geomagnetic sensor based vehicle
in this paper is an attempt to solve above mentioned problem. occupancy detection is sensor response is prone to magnetic
The system developed here is an integration of internet of interference
things (IoT), cloud technology, android application and user
authentication for ADAS system. Internet of things is the A cloud based intelligent car parking services for smart cities
internetworking of physical device embedded with in paper [6] the entire system developed with three layers
electronics that enables those physical devices to connect to sensor, communication, and application layer. The server
internet. IoT was first introduced in 1999 at auto ID center finds the best available car parking lot for the user based on
and first used by Kevin Aston. In this system IoT technology his preference and driving direction is returned to him.
is used to connect parking slots in parking area to the
internet. Here cloud technology is related to creating,
978-1-5090-3704-9/17/$31.00 © 2017 IEEE
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Intelligent parking lot application using wireless sensor Advantages considered while selection of IR sensor for
networks [17] proposed the use of a combination of vehicle occupancy detection are
magnetic and ultrasonic sensors for accurate and reliable
detection of vehicles in a parking lot, also describing a x Sensor response is not dependent upon color,
modified version of the Min-max algorithm for detection of transparency of object
vehicles using magnetometers.
x IR sensors can work in critical conditions such as
All the above discussed works are not considered a valid dirt and dust
authentication and the cost effectiveness of the system and
this proposed work considered x The output is linear with the distance between
sensor and target
x User authentication x Accurate detection even of small object
x Eliminating false charge that occurs when user
parks car in parking slot other than his booked slot x Adjustable detection range up-to 30cm
x System is developed by using low cost IR sensors to
reduce overall cost. DC gear motor: It is used for opening and closing of parking
area main gate. Gate will open when user enters valid
II. METHODOLOGY booking ID otherwise it will be closed by doing this it
enforces user authentication. It is controlled by embedded
A. Proposed System Block Diagram
controller.

B. System Flow Diagram

Figure 1. System block diagram

Fig. 1 shows the system block diagram of proposed work it

major constituent of it are:
Embedded controller: The input from parking lot sensor is
given to embedded system. Upon any changes in input
embedded system updates the information collected from Figure 2. System flow diagram
sensor to database server and it also used to drive geared DC Fig. 2 is a system flow diagram depicts complete process
motor. In this proposed work Raspberry pi model 3b is used flow and is explained as fallows.
as embedded system.
Step1: User accesses the mobile application and check for
Database server: Information regarding registered users, the status of parking slot. The status of parking slots is
status of the parking slot, and time duration of parking is known through data base server which is updated by
maintained in server. The information regarding availability raspberry pi embedded with sensors in real time placed at the
of parking lot is shared among all users who use mobile parking area through internet.
application. Database server is updated from two terminals.
One is from sensors and embedded system. Another one is Step2: If any parking slot free, the user books slot by
from user. Amazon web server is used to host PHP files and entering user ID, Slot number along with date and time, then
maintain database. this information is updated to cloud.

Mobile application: It is an android application running on Step3: In response to the user request, the corresponding slot
user mobile device. It facilitates user to check availability will be allotted to the respective user and that slot will be
status, to book parking lot and also integrated with adhaar locked for other users.
card for unique authentication of user. Android application
is developed using android studio IDE. Step4: When driver reaches parking area to park the car, the
driver and the vehicle is authenticated by using unique
Sensing nodes: Information regarding status of parking lot booking id which is generated at the time of booking and the
is collected by using IR sensors attached to parking lot. corresponding slot is provided to the user to park their
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vehicle. III. WORKING OF MOBILE APPLICATION

In this section the working of E-parking mobile
Step5: The algorithm validates the parking time and charges application with the help of screen shots is explained in
based on the presence of the vehicle at the parking slot. detail.
When driver selects checkout button, the temporary charge is
displayed in his application, though actual parking charge is User login: This layout facilitates user to login and
calculated by taking input from sensor. registration for new user. During login user has to mention
preregistered username and password. For registration user
Step6: Once the car vacates parking slot the user will be
has to provide name, password, unique ID address etc.
charged for the calculated amount of time and status of slot is
Fig. 4 shows login window of E-parking mobile application
updated as free in server database.
which has two text fields one for username, password and
sign-up button.
C. Application flow Chart
Fig. 3 depicts developed mobile application flow chart

Figure 4. Login window

Main: After successful login there will be a drawer

window at the left most corner of main window. When user
selects drawer window there will three options available to
him which are profile, booking and checkout as shown in
Fig. 5

Figure 3. Mobile application flow chart.

In step1 user opens mobile application and application ask

for login and signup. In step2: If user is using the application
for the first time, user need to complete registration by
entering required information including valid ID preferably
ADHAAR then user will be provided with unique user name
and password. In step4: after successful login, there will be
three options available to users which are profile, booking,
and checkout. User will choose any one of these option based
on requirement. In step5: on selecting profile, user details are
displayed which is given at the time of registration, which
includes name, email, address and image. In Step6: On
choosing booking button, user has to select slot number, Figure 5. Main window
booking date, booking time and unique ID and book a slot. View profile: By clicking profile button in drawer
In Step7: During checkout, there are two activities, one is window of application user can view information entered
display temporary charge and other is display final charge. while registration such as user name, email ID, address and
Final charge is displayed only when user removes his car image as shown in Fig. 6
from booked slot and temporary charge is displayed when
user wants to know interim charge when car is parked.
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IV. RESULTS AND COMPARISIONS

A. Hardware prototype
Fig. 9 represents the prototype of the proposed system. The
prototype is consists of 3 slots, each slot is monitored by IR
sensor and all the slots are connected to central node
raspberry pi which is in turn connected to cloud using IoT.
Each slot also contains status LEDs which indicates either
green or red signal depending on parking slot occupancy.
The system also contains geared DC motor controlled by
raspberry pi to enforce user authentication. Geared motor
controls the opening and closing of parking slot gate. Also
Figure 6. Profile window
there is one vehicle detection sensor included in system to
prompt enter booking ID message.
Slot Booking: Fig. 7 shows the booking window. Booking
of parking slot is done with the help of this window of
application. To book the slot user has to select slot number,
from time and has to enter valid booking ID
.

Figure 9. Hardware prototype

B. Slot booking through E-parking application

Figure 7. Booking window

Checkout: As shown in fig. 8, User can choose checkout

option. Once the user selects checkout option, the algorithm
validates the reality of checkout by taking inputs from the
sensor and the user will be charged based on check in and
checks out time difference and the same will be sent to user.

Figure 10. Slot-1 status before booking

User can book parking slot by making use of android

application. Initially status of all three parking slots is free
as shown in fig. 10.
Fig. 11 shows that the user has booked slot-1 on date 30-04-
2017 with unique id 386778336378. After booking, status
Figure 8. Checkout window of parking slot-1 is changed from ‘free’ state to ‘occupied’
state. After the booking slot-1 will reserved to user.

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 2017 2nd IEEE International Conference On Recent Trends in Electronics Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), May 19-20, 2017, India

Figure 14. Vehicle detection

The Fig. 15 shows invalid booking ID message. This

message is displayed when user enters incorrect booking ID.
At the entry level of parking area, user is authenticated by
verifying the valid user ID. If unauthorized user enters a
wrong ID, the database is immediately shows the warning
message that is “Not Valid Booking” and user will not be
Figure 11. Slot-1 status after booking allowed to enter parking area thus parking area gate will be
Fig. 12 shows the updated database showing current status of remained in closed state.
the parking lots. The sensors at each slot will be monitoring
the status and updating the database in real time. The
database also updates the status of the parking slots by using
colors that is r = Books and g = Not Booked.

Figure 15. Invalid booking

Figure 12. Updated data base

The Fig. 16 shows the valid booking ID and message. If the
Fig. 13 shows the parking area status. From the figure it can user enters a valid booking ID the database will be updated
be seen that car has been parked at slot-1 of parking area. as “Valid Booking”.
now the status of IR sensor of slot 1 will be changed to
booked.

Figure 13. Parking area status

C. User authentication
Fig. 14 shows the vehicle detection done at parking area.
When system detects vehicle it will ask user to enter Figure 16. Valid booking
preregistered booking ID in on-site computer.

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V. CONCLUSION International Journal of Computer science & Engineering

Technologies (EISSN: 2044-6004), 1(4), 50-55, 2010.
Work proposed in this system addresses an issue of parking [14] N. Hanif, M. Badiozaman, and H. Daud, "Smart parking reservation
in smart cities. The system is implemented using low cost system using short message services (SMS)," in Intelligent and
IR sensors, Raspberry pi model 3b for real time data Advanced Systems (ICIAS), International Conference on, pp. 1-5,
2010
processing, E-parking mobile application and Geared DC
[15] S. Lee, D. Yoon, and A. Ghosh, "Intelligent parking lot application
motor. The developed system provides real time information using wireless sensor networks," in Collaborative Technologies and
of availability of parking slots in parking area and allows Systems, 2008. CTS 2008. International Symposium on, pp. 48-57,
users to book parking slot from remote locations by using 2008.
mobile application and also provides user authentication.
The developed system is tested for different cases such as
single user booking, multiple users booking, user trying to
book reserved slot and user authentication. The proposed
system is designed for 3 parking slots each having single IR
sensor with adjustable sensing range of up-to 30cm.
Proposed work not only reduces the traffic congestion, it is
also providing authentication of the user, cost effective, real
time and helps in reducing carbon footprint.
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