Table of Contents

Table of Contents................................................................................................................................1
OUTPUT DEVICE...........................................................................................................................................2
1) Monitor:..............................................................................................................................................2
The types of monitors are given below................................................................................2
I. CRT Monitor.................................................................................................................................2
II. LCD Monitor.................................................................................................................................3
III. LED monitor.............................................................................................................................3
IV. Plasma Monitor.......................................................................................................................4
2) Printer.................................................................................................................................................4
A) Impact Printer.................................................................................................................................4
B) Non-Impact Printer:........................................................................................................................5
3) Projector.............................................................................................................................................6
OUTPUT DEVICE
An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts
information into human read able form. It can be text, graphics, tactile, audio,
and video. A computer can still work without an output device. However, you'd
have no way of determining what the computer is doing. By using an output device,
you can view and get the results of input from a computer. An output device works
by receiving a signal from the computer and using that signal to perform a task to
display the output.

There are popular types:

1) Monitor:
The monitor is the display unit or screen of the computer. It is the main output
device that displays the processed data or information as text, images, audio or
video.

The types of monitors are given below.

I. CRT Monitor

CRT monitors are based on the cathode ray tubes. They are like vacuum tubes
which produce images in the form of video signals. Cathode rays tube produces a
beam of electrons through electron guns that strike on the inner phosphorescent
surface of the screen to produce images
on the screen. The monitor contains
millions of phosphorus dots of red,
green and blue color. These dots start
to glow when struck by electron beams
and this phenomenon is called
cathodoluminescence.
 II. LCD Monitor

The LCD monitor is a flat panel screen that is

compact and light-weight as compared to CRT
monitors. It is based on liquid crystal display
technology which is used in the screens of laptops,
tablets, smart phones, etc. An LCD screen
comprises two layers of polarized glass with a liquid
crystal solution between them. When the light
passes through the first layer, an electric current
aligns the liquids crystals. The aligned liquid
crystals allow a varying level of light to pass
through the second layer to create images on the
screen.

The LCD screen has a matrix of pixels that display the image on the screen. Old
LCDs had passive-matrix screens in which individual pixels are controlled by
sending a charge. A few electrical charges could be sent each second that made
screens appear blurry when the images moved quickly on the screen.

Modern LCDs use active-matrix technology and contain thin film transistors (TFTs)
with capacitors. This technology allows pixels to retain their charge. So, they don’t
make screen blurry when images move fast on the screen as well as are more
efficient than passive-matrix displays.

III. LED monitor

The LED monitor is an improved version of an LCD monitor. It also has a flat panel
display and uses liquid crystal display technology like the LCD monitors. The difference
between them lies in the source of light to backlight the display. The LED monitor has
many LED panels, and each panel has several LEDs to backlight the display, whereas
the LCD monitors use cold cathode fluorescent light to
backlight the display. Modern electronic devices such as
mobile phones, LED TVs, laptop and computer screens,
etc., use a LED display as it not only produces more
brilliance and greater light intensity but also consumes
less power.
IV. Plasma Monitor

The plasma monitor is also a flat panel display that is based on plasma display
technology. It has small tiny cells between two glass panels. These cells contain
mixtures of noble gases and a small amount of mercury. When voltage is applied, the
gas in the cells turns into a plasma and emits ultraviolet light that creates images on
the screen, i.e., the screen is illuminated by a tiny bit of plasma, a charged gas. Plasma
displays are brighter than liquid crystal displays (LCD) and also offer a wide viewing
angle than an LCD.

Plasma monitors provide high

resolutions of up to 1920 X
1080, excellent contrast ratios,
wide viewing angle, a high
refresh rate and more. Thus,
they offer a unique viewing
experience while watching
action movies, sports games,
and more.

2) Printer
A printer produces hard copies of the processed data. It enables the user, to print
images, text or any other information onto the paper.

The printers are of two types: Impact Printers and Non-impact Printers.

A) Impact Printer

The impact printer uses a hammer or print head to print the character or images onto
the paper. The hammer or print head strikes or presses an ink ribbon against the paper
to print characters and images.

Impact printers are further divided into two types.

1) Character Printers

2) Line printers
1) Character Printers

Character printer prints a single character at a time or with a single stroke of the print
head or hammer. It does not print one line at a time. Dot Matrix printer and Daisy
Wheel printer are character printers. Today, these printers are not in much use due to
their low speed and because only the text can be printed.

2) Line Printers:

Line printer, which is also as a bar printer, prints one line at a time. It is a high-speed
impact printer as it can print 500 to 3000 lines per minute. Drum printer and chain
printer are examples of line printers.

B) Non-Impact Printer:
Non-impact printers don't print characters or images by striking a print head or
hammer on the ink ribbon placed against the paper. They print characters and images
without direct physical contact between the paper and the printing machinery. These
printers can print a complete page at a time, so they are also known as page printers.
The common types of non-impact printers are Laser printer and Inkjet printer:

i) Laser Printer:

A laser printer is a non-impact printer that uses a laser beam to print the characters.
The laser beam hits the drum, which is a photoreceptor and draws the image on the
drum by altering electrical charges on the drum. The drum then rolls in toner, and the
charged image on the drum picks the toner. The toner is then printed on the paper
using heat and pressure. Once the document is printed, the drum loses the electric
charge, and the remaining toner is collected. The laser printers use powdered toner for
printing instead of liquid ink and produce quality print objects with a resolution of 600
dots per inch (dpi) or more.
ii) Inkjet Printer:

The inkjet printer is a non-impact printer that prints images and characters by spraying
fine, ionized drops of ink. The print head has tiny nozzles to spray the ink. The printer
head moves back and forth and sprays ionized drops of ink on the paper, which is fed
through the printer. These drops pass through an electric field that guides the ink onto
the paper to print correct images and characters.

3) Projector

A projector is an output device that enables the user to project the output onto a large
surface such as a big screen or wall. It can be connected to a computer and similar
devices to project their output onto a screen. It uses light and lenses to produce
magnified texts, images, and videos. So, it is an ideal output device to give
presentations or to teach a large number of people.

Modern projects (digital projectors) come with multiple input sources such as HDMI
ports for newer equipment and VGA ports that support older devices. Some projectors
are designed to support Wi-Fi and Bluetooth as well. They can be fixed onto the ceiling,
placed on a stand, and more and are frequently used for classroom teaching, giving
presentations, home cinemas, etc.

A digital projector can be of two types:

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) digital projector: This type of digital projectors are
very popular as they are lightweight and provide crisp output. An LCD projector uses
Transmissive technology to produce output. It allows the light source, which is a
standard lamp, to pass through the three colored liquid crystal light panels. Some
colors pass through the panels and some are blocked by the panels and thus images
are on the screen.

Digital Light Processing (DLP) digital projector: It has a set of tiny mirrors, a
separate mirror for each pixel of the image and thus provide high-quality images. These
projectors are mostly used in theatres as they fulfill the requirement of high-quality
video output.