GREEN CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY

BOTE, DIANE
CABALES, ALLIAH
CAMACHO, ALLIAH
CARABALLO, KATE
CARLOS, PATRICIA
CHUA, ALEXANDRA
URBAN HEAT ISLAND PHENOMENON
GREEN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

ALSO KNOWN AS:

- GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
- SUSTAINABLE BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Considered as one of the trends in

construction, green building technology has given
benefits that are extensive and comprehensive,
offering advantages when used in new building
facilities and existing structures.
 WHAT IS GREEN These buildings are designed to meet certain

BUILDING? AND critical objectives like:

● Protecting Occupant Health

● Improving Employee Productivity

WHY DO WE NEED GREEN ● Conservation Of Energy, Water, And Other

Fast Depleting Resources
● Reduce The Use Of Energy, Water, And

CONSTRUCTION ●
Other Fast Depleting Resources
Lower Carbon Footprint
● Reducing The Overall Impact To The

TECHNOLOGY? ●
Environment
Better Indoor Air

A green building is a structure which is designed,

built, renovated, operated, or reused in an
environmentally friendly and resource-efficient
manner.
 LIST OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY USED IN SUSTAINABLE
01 SOLAR POWER
CONSTRUCTION
02 BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS

03 GREEN INSULATION 10 WATER EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGIES

04 SMART APPLIANCES 11 SUSTAINABLE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGIES

05 COOL ROOFS 12 SELF-POWERED BUILDINGS

06 SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE SOURCING 13 PASSIVE HOUSE

07 LOW-ENERGY AND ZERO-ENERGY DESIGN 14 TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY

08 LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS 15 PREFABRICATION/MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

09 ELECTROCHROMIC SMART GLASS 16 RAMMED EARTH BRICK

SOLAR POWER

01
SOLAR POWER
● Most exploited sustainable construction
technology.

● Utilised in two ways

■ ACTIVE SOLAR POWER
-Use of functional solar systems
that absorb sun radiation for heating
and electricity provision.

■ PASSIVE SOLAR POWER

-Design that uses the sun’s rays
to warm homes through strategic
placement of windows and use heat
absorbing surfaces.

● Advantages:
■ Saves energy bills
Reduction of greenhouse gas
■
emissions 01
BIODEGRADABLE
MATERIALS

02
BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS
● The use of biodegradable materials for building
foundation, walls and insulators are also part of
sustainable construction technologies.

● Advantages:
■ Eco-friendly
■ Sustainable Construction
■ Limit the negative impacts of toxins to
the environment

● List of Biodegradable Materials:

■ Cork
■ Bamboo
■ Desert Sand
■ Linoleum
■ Bioplastics
■ Medium Density Fibreboard
■
■
Timber
Mycelium 02
GREEN INSULATION

03
GREEN INSULATION
- eliminates the need for high-end finishes made from
non-renewable materials.
- utilizes recycled material to line the walls.

ROOF INSULATION
1. a layer installed to create thermal
barrier between inside outside.
2. reducing heating and cooling
costs

● Advantages:

○ Comfort

○ Soundproofing
-SIPs, spray foams, cellulose insulation
03
SMART APPLIANCES

04
THE USE OF SMART APPLIANCES
A smart appliance - a device that you connect to your
smartphone or tablet for better control, convenience, and
information.
● home safer
● efficient

Homes and commercial buildings consume the world’s most

energy.

EXAMPLES:
● MICRO OVEN
● SMART GRID REFRIGERATORS
● DISHWASHERS
● WASHING MACHINES
04
COOL ROOFS

05
COOL ROOFS
● Aims at reflecting heat and sunlight away.
● To keep homes and buildings at the standard room temperatures by lowering heat
absorption and thermal emittance.
● makes use of reflective paints and special tiles that absorb less heat and reflect
most of the solar radiation.

COOL ROOF TECHNOLOGIES

● Single-ply Thermoset
● Tile
● Metal
● Tar (modified bitumen)
● Built-up Roofing
● Clay and Slate
● Solar Panels
● Living Roof

05
SINGLE-PLY THERMOSET
METAL

TILE TAR (MODIFIED BITUMEN)

COOL ROOFS
BUILT-UP ROOFING
SOLAR PANELS

LIVING ROOF
CLAY AND SLATE

COOL ROOFS
SUSTAINABLE
RESOURCE
SOURCING

06
SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE SOURCING
● is the key element of sustainable construction technology
● In most cases, agricultural wastes or by-products are used to produce construction
materials. Overall, the materials are remanufactured, recycled, recyclable, and
obtained from sustainable sources.

Potential benefits
● more efficient and effective use of natural resources
● reducing the harmful impact of pollution and waste
● reducing the impact of hazardous substances
● providing strong signals to the sustainable products market

06
LOW-ENERGY
HOUSE AND
ZERO-ENERGY
BUILDING DESIGN
07
 LOW-ENERGY HOUSE AND ZERO-ENERGY
BUILDING DESIGN
● wood is a sustainable construction technology as it has a lower embodied energy in
comparison to those build of steel or concrete.
● strategic placement of windows makes day-lighting available, minimizing the need
for electric lighting during the day.
ADVANTAGES

● uniform interior temperatures

● reduced requirement for energy austerity

● extra cost is minimized for new construction compared to an afterthought retrofit

● the value of building IS relative to conventional building every time energy costs increase

DISADVANTAGES

● initial costs can be higher

● very few designers or builders have the necessary skills or experience to build ZEBs

● challenge to recover higher initial costs on resale of building -

07
● climate-specific design may limit future ability to respond to rising-or-falling ambient temperatures (global warming)
LOW-EMITTING
MATERIALS

08
LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS
● Selecting low emitting materials and products is an essential condition and it not
only improves human health but also goes a long way in protecting the overall
environment.
● With these materials, building projects can achieve Green building credits.

BUILDING MATERIALS
● Adhesives
● Interior paints
● Coatings
● Sealants
● Composite wood
● Flooring
● Thermal
● Ceilings
● Walls

08
ELECTROCHROMATIC
SMART GLASS

09
ELECTROCHROMATIC SMART GLASS
● works mainly in summer to shut out the heat of solar radiation.
● uses tiny electric signals to slightly charge the windows to alter the amount of solar
radiation it reflects.
● incorporated into the building’s control system, allowing the users to choose the
amount of solar radiation to block

09
TOKYO TOILET PROJECT
WATER EFFICIENCY
TECHNOLOGIES

10
WATER EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGIES
● the technologies encompass the re-use and application of efficient water supply
systems,
● These technologies lower water usage costs and help in water conservation.

WATER EFFICIENCY PROCESSES

● Dual plumbing
● grey water re-use
● Rainwater harvesting
● Water conservation fixtures

ADVANTAGES
● Saves money
● Saves water and reduces water waste
● Beneficial to the environment
● Reduces carbon footprint

10
SUSTAINABLE INDOOR
ENVIRONMENT
TECHNOLOGIES

11
SUSTAINABLE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT TECH.
● Mandatory for green construction for health and safety of the building
occupants must be guaranteed during the building or home construction.

● Advantages:
■ Hazardous free elements (Cork, Wood, and Bamboo)
■ Non-toxic materials
■ Moisture resistance
■ Uses low volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

11
SELF-POWERED
BUILDINGS

12
SELF-POWERED BUILDINGS
● It is an art of sustainable construction
technology.

● Based on the fact that self-powered buildings

bring about the realisation of zero-energy
construction.

● Common in skyscrapers where wind turbines are

mounted on rooftops.

● Advantages:
■ Buildings are able to generate sufficient
power to support energy needs.
■ Direct surplus energy back to power grid

● Example: Autonomous Buildings

“House with no bills”
- Ar. Brenda and Ar. Robert Vale (2002)
12
PASSIVE HOUSE

13
PASSIVE HOUSE
● Passive house design started in Germany in 1988, and its original name is
Passivhaus.

● Buildings are strongly dependent on HVAC systems, which account for

over 50% of their energy consumption.

● Thermal mass can be used to capture sunlight during the day, and "free
heating" is achieved when materials release their thermal energy at night.

● Advantages:
■ Provides comfort to users
■ Use 75-95% less energy
■ Versatile

13
PASSIVE HOUSE STANDARDS
● There are two versions of passive housing,
one from the Passive Housing Institute (PHI)
and one from the Passive Housing Institute
US (PHIUS). Two versions differ from energy
modeling software and performance
metrics.

● Passive housing standard is based on:

■ Airtightness
■ Ventilation
■ Waterproofing
■ Heating and cooling
■ Electrical loads.

● All buildings must pass a quality assurance

and quality control test to satisfy the
standards.
13
INTERNATIONAL PASSIVHAUS STANDARD
● Requires that every building fulfills the
following:

○ HEATING AND COOLING:

- Up to 15 kWh/m2 yearly as calculated by the
Passivhaus Planning Package

○ PRIMAMRY ENERGY (for heating, hot water

and electricity):
- Up to 60 kWh/m2 yearly

○ AIR LEAK:
- 0.6 times the house volume per hour at 50
Pa as tested by a blower door;
- or 0.05 cubic feet per minute per square foot
of the surface area of the enclosure.
13
TECHNOLOGY
EFFICIENCY

14
TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY
● Building construction requires energy that is
in the form of fossil fuels that release
emissions.

● Having a proper management system will

address the inefficient management of
workforce

● Advantages:
■ Complete buildings in less time
■ Contractors and project managers
make timely and informed decisions
■ Reduces environmental impact

14
PREFABRICATION OR
MODULAR
CONSTRUCTION

15
PREFABRICATION/MODULAR CONSTRUCTION
● Can be a technological efficiency
category.

● Allows to build “off-site” in a controlled

environment. Hazards can be better
identified and the corrective steps are taken
to prevent worker injury.

● Advantages:
■ Needs fewer workers
■ Less waste
■ Ensured worker safety

15
RAMMED EARTH BRICK

16
RAMMED EARTH BRICK
● Re-introduced to cater for the demands of
environmental sustainability.

● the process of building a rammed-earth still

follows the ancient preparation process.

● Materials used to create the brick:

■ Moist earth
■ Gravel
■ Clay
■ Concrete

● Advantage:
■ Lessen environmental impact
■ Few emissions 16
■ Stabilise temperature
 LIST OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY USED IN SUSTAINABLE
01 SOLAR POWER
CONSTRUCTION
02 BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS

03 GREEN INSULATION 10 WATER EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGIES

04 SMART APPLIANCES 11 SUSTAINABLE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGIES

05 COOL ROOFS 12 SELF-POWERED BUILDINGS

06 SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE SOURCING 13 PASSIVE HOUSE

07 LOW-ENERGY AND ZERO-ENERGY DESIGN 14 TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY

08 LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS 15 PREFABRICATION/MODULAR CONSTRUCTION

09 ELECTROCHROMIC SMART GLASS 16 RAMMED EARTH BRICK

TAIPEI 101
CHU-YUAN LEE, WANG CHUNG-PING
TAIPEI, TAIWAN
WORLD’S TALLEST BUILDING 2004-2009
WORLD’S TALLEST GREEN BUILDING
(2011)
FACTS
● 508m (1667 ft) tall
● 438m (1437 ft) occupation height
● 101 floors, 5 storeys underground
● Elevator speed 60.6km/h
● Opened December 31, 2004
● ‘Bringing Taipei to the world,
and bringing the world to
Taipei’
● Estimated cost $800M
● Office and retail
● Architects: C.Y. Lee and
C.P. Wang
● Largest tuned mass damper
TAIPEI 101:
BACKGROUND &
HISTORY
HISTORY
1997 - Property was obtained by Taipei Financial Center Corporation

2000 - First tower column was erected

2001 - Design changed to 509.2m as approved by Taipei city government

2002 - 6.8 magnitude caused 5 deaths

2004 - Grand fireworks opening

2009 - plans on making Taipei 101 the ‘World’s tallest Green Building’

2011 - LEED certified

TAIPEI 101:
ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN
 ARCHITECTS:

C.Y. Lee & Partners is an architectural

partnership initiated by architects C.Y. Lee and C.P.
Wang in 1978. With V.T. Wu as the firm's general
manager, C.Y. Lee & Partners
V.T. WU

Founded on the main principle of creating

human-centered buildings that are rich in culture
and emphasize innovative design.
C.Y. LEE

C.P. WANG

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
 DESIGN CONCEPT:

Architectural Style:
Pan-Chinese and Asian
Sectional tower is inspired
elements mixed with a
by bamboo plant.
postmodern architectural style

The tower's design

specifications are based on
the number "8", a lucky Designed to rise from its
number in traditional Chinese base in a series of 8-storey
culture modules, each flared outward,
evoking the traditional form of
Chinese pagodas.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
 EXTERIOR:
● The façade is made from glass and aluminium panels
● The top is capped by a smaller tower which forms a
pinnacle.
● The building is made up of eight sections that incline
outwards in a pagoda style with each section having
eight floors, a very lucky number in local culture.
● There are also large circular protrusions on each side
that symbolize old Chinese coins.
● Curled ruyi figures proliferate throughout the structure
as a design motif, rendered in industrial metal.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
 INTERIOR:
The lowest above ground floors of
Taipei 101 house a luxury atrium
shopping mall. Most of the floors above
the mall are devoted to office space.
The public observatories are on floors 88
to 91, with an indoor observatory on 89
TYPICAL PLAN UP TO 26TH STOREY and an outdoor observatory on 91. At a
height of 1,285 feet (392.8 metres), the
outdoor observatory was the highest in
the world at the time of completion.
Another indoor observatory, not open
to the public, is on the top (101st) floor
and is 1,437 feet (438 metres) high.

TYPICAL PLAN FROM 27TH TO 91ST STOREY

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
INTERIOR:
TAIPEI 101:
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Taipei 101 was designed as a mega structural system to withstand gravity and lateral loads.

CHALLENGES: STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES:

Typhoon Winds ➔ Central core

➔ Trusses and bracing
➔ Mass damper

Potential Earthquakes ➔ Flexible but sturdy materials

(200 m away from a ➔ Mass damper
major fault line)

Foundation ➔ 2 slurry wall system

(Groundwater is 2 m ➔ Drilled Piers
below grade)
Weak soil conditions
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
SLURRY WALLS
3m to 5m THICK RAFT
FOUNDATION SYSTEM:
- The design required a 21m deep basement,
while groundwater is usually 2m below grade
and potentially at grade

● Two slurry wall system

○ one around the tower and podium
foundation
○ Second around just the tower
foundation
○
● Drilled piers
○ 380 concrete-filled steel piles driven 80
m into the ground.
○ The plies are topped by a foundation
slab which is 3m thick at the edges and
up to 5m thick under the largest of
columns.
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
GRAVITY SYSTEM: 1.4m x 1.4m 2m x 1.2m
3m x 2.4m
- Within the core, sixteen columns are
located at the crossing points of four lines
of bracing in each direction.

- On the perimeter, up to the 26th floor,

each of the four building faces has two
‘super-columns,’ two ‘sub-super-columns,’
and two corner columns.
- Steel box section filled with 10,000 psi high
performance concrete

26th

TYPICAL FLOOR FRAMING PLAN

(1st-26th)
STEEL PLATE BOX SECTION
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
GRAVITY SYSTEM: 91st
- Each face of the perimeter above the
26th floor has the two ‘super-columns’
continue upward.

- Building above 91st floor is much smaller in

plan. Its loadings transfer to the core
columns directly. 62th

27th

TYPICAL FLOOR FRAMING PLAN

(27th-91st)
SUPER-COLUMN FABRICATION
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
LATERAL (WIND AND SEISMIC) SYSTEM:
- WIND (156 KM/H), can withstand (216 KM/H)
- Wind tunnel tests were conducted which showed that
sharp corners of a square building produced large
cross wind forces
- 'saw tooth’ or ‘double notch’ corners
- Core bracing and outriggers carry most of the wind
force and seismic force.
- Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF)
- Can withstand 7.0 richter scale earthquake, that only
happens in a 2,500 year cycle

WAIST
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
TUNED MASS DAMPER (TMD):
- Thornton-Tomasetti designed a 660- tonne steel
pendulum that serves as a tuned mass damper
- Suspended from the 92nd to the 87th floor
- The pendulum counters the wind force and
reduces sway of the building in the typhoons
TAIPEI 101:
UTILITIES
● The building was the first of its kind to be awarded the
highest LEED rating in 2011, making it one of the
greenest skyscrapers in the world.
● Its blue-green glass curtain walls are double-paned and
glazed, and offer heat and UV protection. Their high
reflectivity allows them to block solar heat gain by up to
50%.
● At the top of each of the 8 modules are the
'mechanical' floors accommodating waste systems,
ventilation equipment, water storage and other
services. The roof and façade-recycled water system
meets 20-30% of the building’s water requirements.
● Other sustainable features include energy efficient
luminaires, lighting controls, and a smart Energy
Management and Control System.
 The building incorporates double-deck elevators built by the Toshiba Elevator and Building
Systems Corporation. In 2004, these elevators set a new record for the fastest ascending speeds, at
60.6 km/h (37.7 mph), or 16.83 m per second. The record has since been broken by lifts in the Shanghai
Tower.
ELEVATOR SYSTEM:
The 509-metre-high Taipei 101 zooms
passengers from the fifth floor to the 89th floor in
only 37 seconds, travelling at 60.6 km/h or 1,010
metres per minute.

They contain pressure control systems

which adjust the atmosphere inside the elevator
to prevent ear-popping. There are also active
control systems which eliminate vibrations. The
elevator cars are aerodynamically engineered
to reduce the noise resulting from air flow as the
lifts travel at high speed inside their narrow shafts.
Alain Robert, the French Spiderman took four
hours to climb the tower.