IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 11 | May 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Automatic Grass Cutter

Sulthan Mohyuddin Digesh K D
Associate Professor Student
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru

Vivek T K Nazeya Khanam F

Student Student
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru

Vidyashree H V
Student
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Srinivas Institute of Technology, Mangaluru

Abstract
A normal grass cutter moving with IC engine will run based on the energy from petrol. The major drawbacks of this technology
are high running cost; create noise pollution and air pollution. Also, an IC engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing
the engine oil, mechanical maintenance. It is an innovative technology of cutting grass without any pollution, electric solar grass
cutter are environmentally friendly. Nowadays, the labor charge is increased day by day. This technology can help the people who
are living in rural areas. This project is mainly proposal for reduce the manpower and usage of electricity. The system control is
done by the Schmitt trigger circuit. The grass cutter and vehicle motors are interfaced to a Schmitt trigger circuit that controls the
working of all the motors.
Keywords: Solar Panel, Batteries, High Speed DC Motor, Blades, Schmitt Triggers Circuit
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION

This project is a proposed model of the automatic grass cutting machine by using the non-renewable energy (i.e. solar energy).
Solar energy is the renewable energy. Grass cutter with a standard motor is an inconvenience, and no one takes pleasure in it.
Cutting grass cannot be easily accomplished by elderly, younger, or disabled people. It creates noise pollution due to the loud
engine, and local air pollution due to the combustion in the engine. Also, a motor powered engine requires periodic maintenance
such as changing the engine oil. Even though electric grass cutter are environmentally friendly. Moving the grass cutters with a
standard motor powered grass cutters is an inconvenience, and no one takes pleasure in it. Cutting grass cannot be easily
accomplished by elderly, younger, grass cutter moving with engine create noise pollution due to the loud engine, and local air
pollution due to the combustion in the engine. Also, a motor powered engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing the
engine oil. Even though electric solar grass is environmentally friendly, they too can be an inconvenience. Along with motor
powered grass cutter, electric grass cutters are also hazardous and cannot be easily used by all. Also, if the electric grass cutter is
corded, mowing could prove to be problematic and dangerous. The prototype will also be will be charged from sun by using solar
panels.

II. MAIN COMPONENTS AND BLOCK DIAGRAM

 Solar panel
 Batteries
 High Speed DC motor
 Blades
 Schmitt trigger circuit
 MOSFET
Photovoltaic principles: The photo- voltaic effect can be observed in nature in a variety of materials that have shown that the
best performance in sunlight is the semiconductors as stated above. When photons from the sun are absorbed in a semiconductor,
that create free electrons with higher energies than the created there must be an electric field to induce these higher energy electrons
to flow out of the semi-conductor to do useful work.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 702

 Automatic Grass Cutter
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 121)

Fig. 1: Block Diagram

A junction of materials, which have different electrical properties, provides the electric field in most solar cells for the photon
interaction in a semiconductor. A solar cell consists of Semiconductor in which electron hole pairs are created by the absorption
of incident solar radiation. Region containing a drift field for charge separation and Charge collecting front and back electrodes.

Fig. 2: Solar Panel Design

The batteries are used as a storage device for solar energy which can be further converted into electrical energy. The only
exceptions are isolated sunshine load such as irrigation pumps or drinking water supplies for storage, for small units with output
less than one kilowatt. Batteries seem to be the only technically and economically available storage means. Since both the photo-
voltaic system and batteries are high in capital costs, it is necessary that the overall system be optimized with respect to available
energy and local demand pattern. To be economically attractive the storage of solar electricity requires a battery with following
particular combination of properties:
 Low cost
 Long life
 High reliability
 High overall efficiency

III. DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING PROBLEMS

A normal grass cutter moving with IC engine will run based on the energy from petrol. The major drawbacks of this technology
are high running cost; create noise pollution and air pollution. Also, an IC engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing
the engine oil, mechanical maintenance. It is an innovative technology of cutting grass without any pollution, electric solar grass
cutter are environmentally friendly. Nowadays, the labor charge is increased day by day. This technology can help the people who
are living in rural areas. This project is mainly proposal for reduce the manpower and usage of electricity.
Nowadays pollution is a major issue for whole world. Pollution is manmade and can be seen in own homes. Due to the emission
of gases it is responsible for pollution. Also the cost of fuel is increasing hence it is not efficient. So the Solar grass cutter is
introduced. Solar grass cutter can be described as the application of solar energy to power an electric motor which in turn rotates
a blade which does the moving of a cutter. Solar energy is the renewable energy. Grass cutter with a standard motor is an
inconvenience, and no one takes pleasure in it. Cutting grass cannot be easily accomplished by elderly, younger, or disabled people.
It creates noise pollution due to the loud engine, and local air pollution due to the combustion in the engine. Also, a motor powered
engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil. Even though electric grass cutter are environmentally

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 703

 Automatic Grass Cutter
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 121)

friendly. Along with motor grass cutter, electric grass cutter is also hazardous and cannot be easily used by all. Also, if the electric
grass cutter is corded, mowing could prove to be problematic and dangerous. It can save significantly on labor costs.
In large size of grass cutter in the park, schools, college, are maintained manually. Cutting grass cannot be easily accomplished
by elderly, younger, grass cutter moving with engine create noise pollution due to the loud engine, and local air pollution due to
the combustion in the engine. It is not easy and also very difficult to maintain uniform size. Also a motor powered engine requires
periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil. Even though electric solar grass is environmentally friendly, they too can
be an inconvenience. Along with motor grass cutter, electric grass cutters are also hazardous and cannot be easily used by all. Solar
grass cutter hence we design to make a grass cutter without any power source due to reduce the power consumption. Design a solar
grass cutter that utilizes solar power as an energy source is meant to address a number of issues that standard internal combustion
engine cutter do not. An electric grass cutter with a solar charger will be easier to use. The unskilled gardener is enough to operate
the grass cutter. Most importantly it eliminates the emissions of an internal combustion cutter which are mostly responsible for
environmental pollution and causes the greenhouse gases effect believed to be responsible for the worsening global warming of
our planet. This is so because solar energy is green/renewable energy.
Different designs have been made, each to suit a particular need or convenience. Making the process of cutting grass easier over
the years, many individuals have added modification to the original design speed, efficiency and power of a mowing machine. The
sun provides sustainable amount of the energy used for various purposes on earth for atmospheric system. The difference is just
the application of the energy source. It uses the photovoltaic panel to generate the energy.

IV. CONTROL CIRCUIT AND MODEL

The positive feedback increases the switching speed, i.e. a slowly changing input wave form will become a fast (steep) changing
output wave form. The hysteresis region reduces impact by input noise (as determined by VH). The major difference between a
simple comparator and the Schmitt Trigger is how they respond to input noise. If the input signal Vin shows noise near VT, then
the output signal Vout will show some corresponding chattering (i.e. bouncing between low and high), for the simple comparator
in Fig.3

Fig. 3: Control circuit

V. GEOMETRIES OF SPECIMEN AND OPERATION

A Schmitt Trigger is essentially a comparator with hysteresis. It can be implemented by connecting positive feedback to the non-
inverting input of a comparator or differential amplifier. In the non-inverting configuration, when the input voltage is > a chosen
threshold (VTH), the output voltage is high. When the input voltage is < another chosen threshold (VTL), the output voltage is
low. When the input voltage is between VTL and VTH, the output voltage maintains its present value. This dual-threshold
behaviour is called hysteresis. In fact, we need to consider 2 output voltage levels, VOH and VOL, when we look at VTL and
VTH.
Coming to the working of solar powered grass cutter, it has panels mounted in a particular arrangement at an angle of 45 degrees
in such a way that it can receive solar radiation with high intensity easily from the sun. These solar panels convert solar energy
into electrical energy as studied earlier.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 704

 Automatic Grass Cutter
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 121)

Fig. 4: Schmitt Trigger Circuit

Now this electrical energy is stored in batteries by using a solar charger. The main function of the solar charger is to increase the
current from the panels while batteries are charging, it also disconnects the solar panels from the batteries when they are fully
charged and also connects to the panels when the charging in batteries is low.
The motor is connected to the batteries through connecting wires. Between these two mechanical circuit breaker switch is provided.
It starts and stops the working of the motor. From this motor, the power transmits to the mechanism and this makes the blade to
slide on the fixed blade and this makes to cut the grass.

Fig. 5: Schematic diagrams of grass cutter

Fig. 6: Main arrangement of grass cutter

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 705

 Automatic Grass Cutter
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 11 / 121)

VI. CONCLUSION

The output of this project can be improved by increasing reduction of cost, increasing the efficiency of the blades and weight
reduction. We can implement with booster circuit and speed control circuit for more reliable and stable operation. If panel used of
high watt, then the machine can be used during night time for garden lighting or room lighting. Because we can store more power.
And at night time however you keep aside. So the power in the battery can be used for this purpose. Due to the power demand we
choose the renewable energy. So there is no running cost. The DC motor is operated in low power with high efficiency. DC-DC
converter is maintaining the output voltage is constant and high. The sensors are not affected the environment and animals. It will
be very much useful for the user. This project concludes that the DC motor is control in a constant speed by control circuit. The
DC motor maintains in a constant speed in the condition of the load applied. The battery is charged by the photovoltaic panel in a
constant voltage. The output of the photovoltaic panel is varying but IC LM317T is act as a voltage regulator and got the varying
input from the photovoltaic and gave the output in constant. The battery is sensing by the controller unit continuously it helps to
maintain the constant input to DC motor. The DC motor speed can be able to maintain constant and the performance can be done
in proper manner.

REFERENCES
[1] “The Design of Equalizer Windings for Lap-Wound DC Machines”, Alaric Pagel, Member, IEEE, Alan S. Meyer, and Charles F. Landy, Senior Member,
IEEE. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 37, NO. 4, JULY/AUGUST 2001.
[2] “Cascaded DC–DC Converter Connection of Photovoltaic Modules”, Geoffrey R. Walker, Member, IEEE, and Paul C. Sernia, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 19, NO. 4, JULY 2004.
[3] “Energy Management Based on Frequency Approach for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications: Fuel-Cell/Lithium- Battery and Ultracapacitors”, Abdallah
Tani, Mamadou Baïlo Camara, Member, IEEE, and Brayima Dakyo, Member, IEEE, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL.
61, NO. 8, OCTOBER 2012.
[4] “Optimal Design of a 3.5-kV/11-kW DC–DC Converter for Charging Capacitor Banks of Power Modulators”, Gabriel Ortiz, Dominik Bortis, Student
Member, IEEE, Jürgen Biela, Member, IEEE, and Johann W. Kolar, Senior Member, IEEE, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL. 38,
NO. 10, OCTOBER 2010.
[5] “DC-DC Power Converters”, Robert W. Erickson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0425,
Article in Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.
[6] “MPPT CONTROLLER FOR PHOTO VOLTAIC SYSTEMS USING CUK DC/DC CONVERTOR”, Neeraj Tiwari1, D. Bhagwan Das2 1,2Dayalbagh
Educational Institute (Deemed University), Agra, International Journal of Advanced Technology & Engineering Research (IJATER).
[7] “Design of a Voltage-Controlled PFC Cuk Converter-Based PMBLDCM Drive for Fan”, Rajesh R PG Scholar, Regional Centre, Anna University Chennai,
Coimbatore, India, International journal of innovative research in electrical, electronics, instrumentation and control engineering vol. 1, issue 2, may 2013.

All rights reserved by www.ijste.org 706