University of Benghazi

Faculty of Engineering
Industrial Engineering Department

Principals of Electrical
Engineering
EE360
Mr. Salem Shuaib Elmarimi
Spring 2020
1 06/10/2020
 Introduction to EE360
 EE360 Course! What this course is about?
 Background and Motivation.
 Series and parallel networks.
 D.C circuit theory.
 Alternating voltages and currents.
 Application of complex numbers to series A.C circuits
 Application of complex numbers to parallel A.C circuits
 Power in A.C circuits

2 Introduction to EE360 06/10/2020

 References
 John Bird ,Electrical and Electronic Principles and
Technology, third edition ,2007.

 John Bird , Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology,

fourth edition ,2010.
 Irwin, Basic Engineering Circuit Analysis, tenth edition

Grading: 30 % Project; 30 % First Exam ; 40% Final Exam.

3 References 06/10/2020
 On line study Plan
 30 % First Exam 18/ Nov / 2020
 40% Final Exam. After 08/Jan/2021
 10 % Project; Hw 10% ; take home exam 10 %
No’s
 Comments out of the scientific material
 Voice mobile call
 Increasing degrees request

4 On line study Plan 06/10/2020

 Ch.1 Units associated with basic electrical
quantities
At the end of this chapter you should be able to:
 state the basic SI units
 recognize derived SI units
 understand prefixes denoting multiplication and division
 state the units of charge, force, work and power and perform
simple calculations involving these units
 state the units of electrical potential, e.m.f., resistance,
conductance, power and energy and perform simple calculations
involving these units

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 Charge
The unit of charge is the coulomb (C) where one coulomb is one
ampere second.
(1 coulomb = 6.24 × 1018 Electrons )
The coulomb is defined as the quantity of electricity which flows past
a given point in an electric circuit when a current of one ampere is
maintained for one second. Thus,
charge, in coulombs Q=It
where I is the current in amperes and t is the time in
seconds.

6 06/10/2020
 Problem 1.
If a current of 5A flows for 2 minutes, find the quantity of electricity
transferred.
charge, in coulombs Q=It
I = 5A, t = 2 × 60 = 120 s
Hence Q = 5 × 120 = 600C

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 Force
The unit of force is the newton (N) where one newton
is one kilogram meter per second squared.
The newton is defined as the force which, when applied to a mass
of one kilogram, gives it an acceleration of one meter per
second squared. Thus,
force, in newtons F = m a
 where m is the mass in kilograms and a is the acceleration
 in metres per second squared. Gravitational force,
or weight, is mg, where g = 9.81 m/s2.

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 Problem 2
A mass of 5000 g is accelerated at 2 m/s2 by a force. Determine the
force needed.
Force = mass × acceleration
F = 5 kg × 2 m/s2 = 10 kg m/s2 = 10N.

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 Problem 3
Find the force acting vertically downwards on a mass of 200 g
attached to a wire.

Mass=200 g=0.2 kg and acceleration due to gravity, g=9.81 m/s2

Force acting downwards = weight
F = mass × acceleration
= 0.2 kg × 9.81 m/s2
= 1.962N

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 Work
The unit of work or energy is the joule (J) where one
joule is one newton meter. The joule is defined as the
work done or energy transferred when a force of one
newton is exerted through a distance of one meter in the
direction of the force. Thus
work done on a body, in joules, W =F s
where F is the force in newtons and s is the distance in meters moved
by the body in the direction of the force.
Energy is the capacity for doing work.

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 Power
The unit of power is the watt (W) where one watt is one joule per
second.
Power is defined as the rate of doing work or transferring energy.
𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌
 power, in watts, P =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
energy, or work in joules =Power x time

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 Problem 4
A portable machine requires a force of 200N to move it. How much
work is done if the machine is moved 20m and what average power is
utilized if the movement takes 25 s?
Work done = force × distance
= 200N × 20m
= 4 000Nm or 4 kJ
power, in watts,
𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆 4 000Nm
P= == = 160 J/s = 160W
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 𝟐𝟓 𝒔

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 Problem 5
A mass of 1000 kg is raised through a height of 10m in 20 s. What is
(a) the work done and (b) the power developed?
(a) Work done = force × distance
and force = mass × acceleration
work done = (1000 kg × 9.81m/s2) × (10m)
= 98 100Nm
= 98.1kNm or 98.1 kJ
𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆 98.1kNm
P= == = 4905W or 4.905kW
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 𝟐𝟎 𝒔

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 Problem 5
A mass of 1000 kg is raised through a height of 10m in 20 s. What is
(a) the work done and (b) the power developed?
(a) Work done = force × distance
and force = mass × acceleration
work done = (1000 kg × 9.81m/s2) × (10m)
= 98 100Nm
= 98.1kNm or 98.1 kJ
𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒆 98.1kNm
P= == = 4905W or 4.905kW
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏 𝟐𝟎 𝒔

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 Exercise 1
1. What quantity of electricity is carried by 6.24 × 1021 electrons?
[1000 C]
2. In what time would a current of 1A transfer a charge of 30 C? [30 s]
3. A current of 3A flows for 5 minutes. What charge is transferred?
[900 C]
4. How long must a current of 0.1A flow so as to transfer a charge of
30 C? [5 minutes]
5. What force is required to give a mass of 20 kg an acceleration of
30m/s2? [600 N]
6. Find the accelerating force when a car havinga mass of 1.7Mg
increases its speed with a constant acceleration of 3 m/s2. [5.1 kN]

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 Electrical potential and e.m.f.
The unit of electric potential is the volt (V), where one volt is one joule
per coulomb. One volt is defined as the difference in potential between two
points in a conductor which, when carrying a current of one ampere,
dissipates a power of one watt, i.e.
𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 watt 𝑱/𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 J
V = 𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 = volt= 𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆 = 𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅
joule
Volt =
coulomb
A change in electric potential between two points in
an electric circuit is called a potential difference or voltage .
The electromotive force (e.m.f.) provided by a source of
energy such as a battery or a generator is measured in volts.

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 Resistance
The unit of electric resistance is the ohm(Ω), where
resistance between two points in a conductor when a constant electric
potential of one volt applied at the two points produces a current flow
of one ampere in the conductor.
V
resistance, in ohms R= 𝑰
Where V is the potential difference p.d across the two points,
in volts, and I is the current flowing between the two
points, in amperes.

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 Conductance
The reciprocal of resistance is called conductance
and is measured in siemens (S). Thus
conductance, in siemens G = R-1
I
OR G = 𝑽

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 Electrical power and energy
When a direct current of I amperes is flowing in an electric circuit and
the voltage across the circuit is V volts, then
power, in watts P =VI
Electrical energy = Power×time = V I t joules
Although the unit of energy is the joule, when dealing
with large amounts of energy, the unit used is the
kilowatt hour (kWh) where
1 kWh = 1000watt hour
= 1000 × 3600watt seconds or joules
= 3 600 000 J
20 06/10/2020
 Problem 7
A source e.m.f. of 5V supplies a current of 3A for 10 minutes.
How much energy is provided in this time?

Energy=power×time, and power=voltage×current.

Hence
Energy = V I t = 5 × 3 × (10 × 60)
= 9000 Ws or J = 9kJ

21 06/10/2020
 Problem 8
An electric heater consumes 1.8 MJ when connected to a 250V supply
for 30 minutes.Find the power rating of the heater and the current
taken from the supply.
Energy 1.8 MJ
Power = 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 = 𝟑𝟎𝒙𝟔𝟎𝒔 = 1000 watts
i.e. power rating of heater = 1kW
P 1000
I= = =4A
𝑽 𝟐𝟓𝟎
Hence the current taken from the supply is 4A.

22 06/10/2020
 Exercise 2
1. Find the conductance of a resistor of resistance (a) 10 (b) 2 k (c) 2m[(a) 0.1 S (b)
0.5 mS (c) 500 S]
2. Aconductor has a conductance of 50μS. What is its resistance? [20 k]
3. An e.m.f. of 250V is connected across a resistance and the current flowing through
the resistance is 4A. What is the power developed? [1 kW]
4. 450 J of energy are converted into heat in 1 minute. What power is dissipated?
[7.5W]
5. A current of 10A flows through a conductor and 10Wis dissipated. What p.d.
exists across the ends of the conductor? [1V]
6. A battery of e.m.f. 12V supplies a current of 5A for 2 minutes. How much energy
is supplied in this time? [7.2 kJ]
7. A d.c. electric motor consumes 36 MJ when connected to a 250V supply for 1
hour. Find the power rating of the motor and the current taken from the supply.
[10kW, 40A]

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 Summary of terms, units and their symbols

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