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“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 3151 (1982): Earthing transformers [ETD 16:

Transformers]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS:3151- 1982
( Reaffirmed 2001 )
Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
EARTHING TRANSFORMERS

( First Revision )

*-\
: ; Second Reprint JULY 1991
‘-4

UDC 621.314.21:621.316.99

... .

@ Cofiyright 1982

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVti, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEWDELHI flOOU2

Cr3 Octobcl 1982

 IS : 3151 - 1982

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
EARTHING TRANSFORMERS

( First Revision )

Transformers Sectional Committee, ETDC 16

Chairman Representing
SHRI C. R. VARIER Crompton Greaves Ltd, Bombay

Members
SHH~ S. V. MANERIKAR ( Alternate to
Shri C. R. Varier )
SHRI R. S. A~OI~A Directorate General of Supplies & I)ispo\als
( Inspc ction Wing ), New D<,llri
SHRI D. R. CHANDI~AN ( Alternate )
SHRI A. v. BHl’>RMARAO Gujarat Electricity Board, Vndodara
SHNI S. H. MAKHIJANI ( Alternate )
SHRI A. CNATTI~:~~JEE Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation Ltd, CZalcutta
SHI~I T. K. Grcosrr ( Alternate )
SHnr S. D. CHOTRANEY Bombay Electric Supply and Transport Undertaking,
Bombay
Snnr Y. K. PALVANKAH.( Alternate )
SHRI D. Dunn ‘fhc General Electric Co of India I,td, Allnl~;~l~;r~l
l S~nr B. A, SUBRAMANYAM ( Alternate )
D~nr?crol~ Central Power Research In\titutrL, Ikngalorr*
SHRJ C. S. SARMA ( Alternate )
DIRFCXOR ( S~RSTATION ) Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi
DI,PUTY DII<EC’I.OH.+ ( S~JB-
STATION ) ( Alternate )
SHHI G. L. DUA Rural Electrification Corporation Ltd, p\‘cx Delhi
SHN S. C. KHURANA ( Alternate )
JOINT DIILECTORII ( SUBSTATION ) Research, Decigns and Standards Organization,
Cucknow
DFPTJTY DIRECTOR
STANDARDS [ ( ELEC )-C2 ] ( Alternate )
DR M. V. JOSHI Electrical Research and Development A~so( iation,
Bombay
SHRI P. K. JOSHI ( Alternate )
SHRI D. B. MEHTA Tata Hydro-Elrctric Power Supply Co Ltd. Bombay
SHRI R. CHAN~RAMOULI ( Alternate )

( Continued on page 2 )

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

This publication IS protected under tht /n&m Gpyr@ Act ( XIV of I957 3 ~rw
reproduction in whole or in part bv an\ mean.\ except with written prrmimon ol the
publisher shall hr drrmed to bc an infringemem of toy yrqht mder the mlri Act.
1s : 3151 - 198’2

( Continuedfrom page 1 j

Members Representing
SIII~I M. I.. Mrr*r:\~ Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Bhopal
<Jllil P1cI.MCII.\N,,( s&-~,UIt~ 1)
SIIILI D. P. GUPTA (Ahnote II )
SHKI ‘r. 0~ KUM \II NGEF Ltd, Bangalore
Suur P. S. RAMAN ( Altcrnatc)
SHILTR. G. PAI~UI~ANANI Bharat Bijlee Ltd, Bombay
Slrltr V. S. PATJL ( &erWte )
Dtt G. M. 1'11 \J)KB: Indian Electrical Manufacturers’ Association, Bombay
S~tur P. K. I'IIILIP ( /Iltcmate )
Srr~tr V. N. YI~,\IILA~ Voltas Ltd, Pune
SHIII T. B. SEN ( Alternate )
Srxlrr CIINI>IU K. Roaa,ro~ Pradip Lamp Works, Patna
SJJlcIP. S. ShWHNi:.Y Delhi Electricity Supply Undertaking, New Delhi ’
So~rr B. B. D \sa ( Allcrnate)
Suar R. K. SEJiCAL Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Ltd, Bombay
Strai H. S. N.\T.~x~J.\N ( Aflcrnnfe )
SuPICIlIN’rENI~INo EN(:INC&K Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Department
( -,?ECHNIC.kL PlZO.lECTS ) ( Electricity Projects and Board ), Hyderabad
SIIPI~XINTICNIBINOENOINEVX
( Gttrn OPICRATION ) ( Alternntc )
Da Vnh-IL AHDIEI) Directorate General of Technical Development,
New Delhi
SKRI S. K. P.~LHAN ( Alfernate )
SHRI T. V. VI~Y~I~~TNA RAJ Kirloskar Electric Co Ltd, Bangalore
SJUCI M. D. K ~LLIANPUR ( Alternafe )
SJI~I S. P. S.\CHDRV, Director General, BlS ( Ex-o$cio Member )
Director ( Elec tech )

Secretary
SHRIK. M. PHATIA
Deputy Director ( Elec tech ), BIS:

2
 /ndian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
EARTHlNG TRANSFORMERS

( Firsr Kevwon )

0. FORE\?IOR.D
0.1 This Jrrdian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 26 April 1982, after the draft finalized by the
Transformers Sectional Co)nmittee had been approved by the Electro-
technical Division Council.

0.2 Earthing transformers provide artificial neutral and are used for the
following purposes:

a) To earth an otherwise unearthed system;

b) To connect an arc suppression coil; and
c) To limit the current c!uring a line to earth fault due to the imped-
ance of the coils and the possible additional resistors, permitting
selective protection.

0.2.1 Earthing transformers may .be connected in any of the manners

given below:
a) Inter connected star ( zig-zag )/-
b) Inter connected star ( zig-zag )/star
c) Inter connected star ( zig-zag )/l!elta
d) Star/delta

Wherever secondary winding is provided, it can be used for supplying

an auxiliary load.

0.3 This standard was first published in 15165. The revision has been
carried out to take into account the experience gained in the field since
the publication of earlier version.

3
 IS : 3151- 1982

0.4 The importance of carrying out short-circuit test on earthing trans-

formers is realized. Howeveri in view of limiting testing facilities for
carrying out such tests in this country, this test has been included as a
special test to be done by mutual agreement between the purchaser and
the manufacturer ( see 6.2 ).

0.5 This standard is to be read in conjunction with IS : 2026 ( Part I )-

1977*, IS : 2026 ( Part II )-1977t, IS : 2026 ( Part III )-1981:, and
IS : 2026 ( Part IV )-19775 to which a reference has been made. Should,
however, any deviation exist between the requirements of IS : 2026
( Part I )-1977*, IS : 2026 ( Part II )-19777, IS : 2026 ( Part’ III )-lL’Slf,
IS : 2026 ( Part IV )-19775 and those of this stalidard, the provisions of
the latter shall apply.

0.6 In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from
the following publications: *

IEC Publication 289 ( 1968 ) - Reactors issued by International

Electrotechnical Commission.

BS 4944:1973 Reactors, arc suppression coils and earthing transfor-

mers for electric power system issued by British Standards Institu-
tion.
0.7 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expres-
sing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-
196011. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the requirements and tests for oil-immersed
and dry type earthing transformers.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall
apply.

‘Specification for power transformers: Part I General (first reuision).

jSpecification for power transformers: Part II Temperature-rise (first rcuision ).
TSpecification for power transformers: Part III Insulation level and dielectric test
(secondrevision ).
§Specification for power transformers: Part IV Terminal marking, tappings and
connections ( Jirst reuision ).
/iRules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

4
 IS:3151-1982

2.1 Rated Voltage - The voltage for which the earthing transformer
is designed. Unless system operating conditions justify the selection of a
higher value, the rated voltage is equal to the line-to-line nominal voltage
of the associated system.
2.2 Ckinuous Rated Currept - The continuous maximum permis-
sible current in the neutral in permanent duty conditions, the apparatus
being energized at rated voltage and frequency. This quantity is
specified only when the apparatus is designed for the connection of single
phase loads between the-neutral and the line terminals. A continuous
rated current in 3 phases may be specified when a load is connected to a
secondary winding.
2.3 Rated Short-Time Current - The fault current through the
neutral which the apparatus is designed to,carry for a specified dura-
tion.
2.4 Zero-Sequence Impedance - The impedance in ohms per phase
at rated frequency corresponding at the appropriate reference tempera-
ture to the flow of rated short time current between the line terminals
connected together and the neutral.

3. REQUIREMENTS

3.1 6enerai - In addition to the requirements given in this standard,

the earthing transformers shall also conform to the requirements of
IS : 2026 ( Part I )-1977*, IS : 2026 ( Part II )-1977t, IS : 2026
(Part III )-1981: and IS : 2026 ( Part IV )-19778, wherever applicable.

3.2 Ability to .Withstand Rated Short-Time Current

3.2.1 Earthing transformers shall be capable of withstanding the rated

short-time current for a period of 30 seconds, unless otherwise specified.

3.3 Temperature Rise

3.3.0 The permissible temperature-rise of earthing transformers shall

correspond to the respective purpose of use.
3.3.1 In the case of earthing transformers for auxiliary loading the
temperature-rise shall be the same as those for transformers [see IS : 2026
( Part II )-1977t 1.

*Specification for power transformers: Part I General (jr&revision ).

?Specification for power transformers: Part II Temperature-rise (Jirst reoision ) .
fSpecification for power transformers: Pait III Insulation level and dielectric tests
( second revision ) .
$Specification for power transformers: Part IV Terminal marking, tappings and
connections (Jht rcuision ).

5
IS : 3151- 1982

3.3.2 In the case of earthing transformers for connection to arc sup-

pression coil; the permissible temperature-rise shall be the same for which
the arc suppression coil is designed.
3.3.3 If the earthing transformer limits the earth fault current, the
temperature-rise shall be the same as for a transformer during short-
circuit. This can be ascertained by calculating the values of tem-
perature in accordance with 9.1.5 of IS : 2026 ( Part I )-1977*.

4. TOLERANCES

4.1 The following tolerances shall be permissible:

a) Zero sequence impedance 7 + 20
with auxiliary winding _ o percent of declared value
open ( if provided )
b) No load losses
c) Load losses and impedance 1
In accordance with Table 7 of
voltage ( in case of an
IS : 2026 ( Part I )-1577*
auxiliary winding being
present )

5. RATING PLATE

5.1 The following information shall be given on the rating plate of the
earthing transformers:

4 Kind of transformer ( earthing transformer );

b) Number of this standard, Ref IS : 3151;
C>Name of the manufacturer;
4 Manufacturer’s serial number;
e) Year of manufacture;
f > Number of phases;
g> Rated frequency;
h) Rated voltages;
3 Connection symbol;
k) Type of cooling;
m>Total mass;
4 Mass and volume of insulating oil or class of insulation ( for dry
transformers ), as applicable;
____ ~~~~
~.
*Specification for power transformers: Part I General (first rev&m ).

6
 IS : 3151.1982

P) Temperature rise;
q) Insulation levels;
r) Transportation mass ( for transformers exceeding 5 tonne
mass );
s) Untanking mass ( for transformers exceeding 5 tonne mass );
t) Insulating liquid ( if not mineral oil );
u) Rated short time current and duration; and
v) Measured zero-sequence impedance.
5.1.1 The following information shall also be marked when unit
supplies an auxiliary load:
a) Rated continuous current;
b) Rated kVA; and
c) Percentage impedance voltage ( two winding ),
5.2 The earthing transformers may also be marked with the IS1 Certifi-
cation Mark.
NOTE - The use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the
Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks ) Act and the Rules and Regu-
lations made thereunder. The IS1 Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard
conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the require-
ments of that standard under a wrll-defined system of inspection, testing and quality
control which is devised and supervised by IS1 and operated by the producer. IS1
marked products are also continuously checked by IS1 for conformity to that
standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the
use of the IS1 Certification Mark .may be granted to manufacturers or processors,
may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution.

6. TESTS
6.0 General - Tests shall be conducted in accordance with IS : 2026
( Part I )-1977*, IS : 2026 ( Part ‘II )-1977t, IS : 2026 ( Part III )-
1981: and IS : 2026 ( Part IV )-19775, unless otherwise specified.
,6.1 Classification of Tests
6.1.1 Type Tests - The following shall constitute type tests:
a) Measurement of winding reGstance,
b) Measurement of no-load loss and no-load current,

*Specificationfor pdwet transformers: Part I General ( jfst feuision ).

tSpecilication for power transformers: Part II Temperature-rise ( first reuision ).
$Specification for power tramformers: Part III Insulation level dielectric tests
( second reGsion ).
$Specificatlon for power transformers: Part IV Terminal markings, tappings and
,donnections (first revision ).

7
IS:3151-1982

c) Measurement of zero-sequence impedance,

d) Measurement of insulation resistance,
e) Induced voltage withstand test,
f) Separate source voltage withstand test,
g) Lightning impulse voltage withstand test,
h) Temperature rise ( 3.3 ).

6.1.1.1 The following tests shall also be applicable when the unit
supplies an auxiliary load:

a) Measurement of impedance voltage and load losses, and

b) Voltage ratio and voltage vector relationship.

6.1.2 Routine Tests - The following shall constitute routine tests:

a) Measurement of winding resistance,

b) Measurement of no-load loss and no-load current,
c) Measurement of zero-sequence impedance,
d) Measurement of insulation resistance,
e) Induced voltage withstand test, and
f) Separate source voltage withstand test.

6.1.2.1 The following routine tests shall also be applicable when the
unit supplies an auxiliary load:

a) Impedance voltage and load loss, and

b) Voltage ratio and voltage vector relationship.

6.1.3 Special Test - When agreed between the purchaser and the
supplier short circuit test may be carried out as a special test in accord-
ance with 6.2.

6.2 Short-Circuit Test

6.2.1 This is a special type test which may be carried out by mutual
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Type test certificates
may be accepted in lieu of the type test.
6.2.2 The earthing transformer shall be‘excited at rated voltage from
a three-phase supply and a line-to-earth fault shall be applied by connec-
ting one line terminal to the neutral either directly or through the earth-
ing impedance as appropriate, in such a manner as to obtain maximum
asymmetry on the first half wave of the fault current Ten short-circuit
applications shall be made at suitable intervals, each for the duration of
0.2 seconds ( 10 cycles ).

8
 IS : 3151- 1902

6.2.2.1 ‘I‘llC nldir) of tl1r ml IlIin[: tI-:lIlsf-orIllrr IO witllslFirld the

trct sl1nll lw clrlrl rllitlrs(l iI1 01v snlllc 111311itwr as sl)ccific:c\ in IS : 2026
( I’art I )-1!)77+.

6.2.3 III cast-! nr1silinry \vin(ling is used in transformer for supplying an

auxiliary lon(l, sul)jrrt lo ;1g1rrnwnl ht\z.rrrI thr p~~rcl~aser and the
supl)lir1, 3s an nllc~rnntc to trsts 01’6.2.2, the trnnrfnrriicr ni:ly lx tcstcd
for short circllit trst in nccortlnncc \vitll IS : 202G ( l’nrt I )-1977’. In
that case the trnnzformcr shall Ix escitcd at rated voltage from a tlirce-
phase supply and auxiliary winding shall bc short circuited.
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