Unit 1.

Food

Food – Our Basic Need 1

ͻ Nutrients
, ͻ Balanced diet
Let s Learn About ͻ Cooking food
ͻ WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨĨŽŽĚ
ͻ Rest and exercise

All living things need food. Food helps us to grow and

stay alive. It gives us energy to work and play. It makes
us strong and protects us from diseases.

FOOD
Activity Time
Some food items are shown below. Match them with their names.
One has been done for you.

a. Milk b. Mango c. Bread d. Coconut e. Rice f. Potato

Nutrients
The food that we eat contains substances that help our body to grow and
stay healthy. These substances are known as nutrients. The nutrients present
in food items are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates give energy to our body. Food
items like fruits, vegetables, bread, idli, sugar
and cereals contain carbohydrates. Food items
rich in carbohydrates are known as energy-
giving foods. People who do a lot of physical
work like labourers and farmers should consume
food rich in carbohydrates.
FOOD ITEMS RICH IN CARBOHYDRATES
Proteins
Proteins help us to grow. They also build muscles
and repair damaged parts of our body. Food
items like milk, eggs, meat, fish, curd, cheese,
nuts, beans and pulses contain proteins. Food
items rich in proteins are known as body-
building foods. Growing children need proteins
FOOD ITEMS RICH IN PROTEINS as they are still growing.

Fats
Fats give us more energy than carbohydrates.
They also keep our body warm. Food items like
oil, ghee, butter and nuts are rich in fats. Food
items rich in fats are also known as energy-
giving foods. Our body needs very little fat.
Extra fat is stored in our body for future use.
FOOD ITEMS RICH IN FATS
Vitamins and Minerals
Vitamins and minerals help us to stay fit and healthy. They protect us from
diseases. Food items like fruits, vegetables,
milk, eggs and meat are rich in vitamins and
minerals. Food items rich in vitamins and
minerals are known as Protective foods.
,
Let s e Milk is a complete food.
Know Mor It contains proteins,
carbohydrates, fats,
FOOD ITEMS RICH IN VITAMINS AND MINERALS vitamins and minerals.
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Our body needs vitamins and minerals in small amounts. Vitamin A, B, C
and D are examples of vitamins. Vitamin A keeps our eyes and skin healthy.
Papaya, carrot and leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin A. Vitamin D helps
build strong bones and teeth. Milk and butter are rich in vitamin D.
Calcium, iodine, sodium and iron are examples of minerals. Calcium makes
our bones and teeth strong. Food items like milk, cheese, curd, paneer and
almonds are rich in calcium.
Iron helps in the formation of blood. Food items like green leafy vegetables,
carrot, beetroot, apple and meat are rich in iron.

Water and Roughage

Water is essential for our body to stay healthy and function properly. Water also
helps in the digestion of food. Therefore, we must drink 6-8 glasses of water
every day. Roughage is the fibre present in our food. It cannot be digested by
our body but it helps to remove undigested ,
food from our body. It is important for the Le s e Three-fourths of
t
proper functioning of our digestive system. Know Mor our body weight
Whole grains, brown rice, salads, fruits and is water.
vegetables are rich in roughage.
,
Let s Recall
Write T for true and F for false statements.
1. Food gives us energy to work and play.
2. Bread and idli are energy-giving foods.
3. 'ƌŽǁŝŶŐ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ŶĞĞĚ ŵŽƌĞ ĨĂƚƐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞLJ ĂƌĞ ƐƟůů ŐƌŽǁŝŶŐ͘
4. Fats give less energy than carbohydrates.
5. Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals.

Balanced Diet
The food that we eat is called our diet. A diet that has all the nutrients in
right amounts is called a balanced diet.
All the food we eat can be divided into three food groups.
m Energy-giving foods (Carbohydrates and fats)
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 V i ta m
ins
&
es
m Body-building foods (Proteins) ra
t M
i

ne
hy

ral
m Protective foods (Vitamins and minerals)

bo

s
Car
We should eat variety of food items daily
from each food group to stay healthy.

Cooking Food
Food is cooked to make it soft, easy to digest

ns
i e
and tasty. Cooking kills the germs present

ot
Pr
in food and overcooking destroys nutrients.
Fat
s
Fruits and vegetables that we cook and eat BALANCED DIET
raw should be washed properly. We use different methods for cooking food
like steaming, frying, baking, boiling and roasting.
Different food items are cooked by different methods. Idlis are steamed. Puris
are fried. Cakes and biscuits are baked. Rice is boiled. Meat is roasted.

Preservation of Food
When vegetables are kept for a long time and not stored properly, they get
spoilt. Spoilt food items are bad for our health.
To prevent food items from getting spoilt, we need to preserve them.
Preservation of food is a method used to keep food items edible for a longer
time. There are many ways of food preservation.
m Refrigeration: Food is kept in the refrigerator to
preserve it for some days. For example, fruits,
vegetables, milk and cooked food are kept in a
refrigerator.

REFRIGERATION

m Pickling: Fruits and vegetables are preserved with

salt and oil. For example, vegetables like carrot, raw
mangoes and green chilli are preserved with salt and
oil.
PICKLING

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 m Drying: Food is dried to preserve it for longer
time. For example, grapes, vegetables and
red chilli are dried. Drying of food items to
preserve them for longer time is also called
dehydration.
DRYING
m Canning and bottling: Food items are sealed
in cans and bottles to preserve them for
longer time. For example, jams, squashes and
sauces are preserved by canning and bottling.
CANNING AND
BOTTLING
Rest and Exercise
Rest and exercise are necessary for good
health. We should sleep for 6-8 hours in
a day. Exercise helps us to stay healthy.
It makes our muscles strong. Playing
outdoor games like cricket, badminton,
football and handball makes our body fit.

REST
, EXERCISE
Let s Memorise
Nutrients Substances present in food that help our body to grow and stay
healthy are called nutrients.
Balanced diet A diet that has all the nutrients in right amounts is called a
balanced diet.

,
Let s Revise
t All living things need food to grow and stay alive.
t Food that contains carbohydrates and fats is energy-giving food.
t ZŽƵŐŚĂŐĞ ŝƐ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽƉĞƌ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŝŶŐ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ĚŝŐĞƐƟǀĞ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘
t &ŽŽĚ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ĐŽŽŬĞĚ ďLJ ƐƚĞĂŵŝŶŐ͕ ĨƌLJŝŶŐ͕ ďŽŝůŝŶŐ͕ ďĂŬŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ƌŽĂƐƟŶŐ͘
t &ŽŽĚ ŝƚĞŵƐ ĐĂŶ ďĞ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ ďLJ ƌĞĨƌŝŐĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ ƉŝĐŬůŝŶŐ͕ ĚƌLJŝŶŐ͕ ĐĂŶŶŝŶŐ ĂŶĚ ďŽƩůŝŶŐ͘
t Rest and exercise are necessary to stay healthy.

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 Exerc
ises

,
Let s Answer
A. Tick (3) the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is not a nutrient?
a. Protein b. Carbohydrate c. Wheat d. Vitamin
2. What makes our bones and teeth strong?
a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. Iron d. Calcium
3. Which of the following gives energy?
a. Carbohydrates b. Proteins c. Roughage d. Minerals
4. What helps to remove undigested food from our body?
a. Protein b. Vitamin c. Roughage d. Fat
5. Preserving food with oil and salt is called
  Ă͘ ƌĞĨƌŝŐĞƌĂƟŶŐ   ď͘ ƉŝĐŬůŝŶŐ  Đ͘ ĚƌLJŝŶŐ  Ě͘ ĐĂŶŶŝŶŐ

B. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

   ĚĞŚLJĚƌĂƟŽŶ       ĮďƌĞ       ŵƵƐĐůĞƐ       ďĂĚ       ƌĞĨƌŝŐĞƌĂƚŽƌ

1. Exercise makes our ___________________ strong.

2. ƌLJŝŶŐ ŽĨ ĨŽŽĚ ŝƚĞŵƐ ƚŽ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞ ƚŚĞŵ ĨŽƌ Ă ůŽŶŐ ƟŵĞ ŝƐ ĐĂůůĞĚ __________________.
3. Food is kept in a ___________________ to preserve it for some days.
4. Spoilt food items are ___________________ for our health.
5. Roughage is the ___________________ present in our food.

C. Name the following.

1. Two sources of carbohydrates.
2. Two examples of minerals.

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 3. Two examples of vitamins.
4. A nutrient which gives more energy than carbohydrates.
5. Three food groups.

͘ ŶƐǁĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ͘

1. Why do we need food?
2. What are nutrients?
3. What is a balanced diet?
4. Why should we include roughage in our diet?
5. tŚLJ ĂƌĞ ĨŽŽĚ ŝƚĞŵƐ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĞĚ͍ EĂŵĞ ĂŶLJ ƚǁŽ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ŽĨ ĨŽŽĚ ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘
6. Why are carbohydrates and proteins important for our body?
7. tŚĂƚ ŝƐ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟǀĞ ĨŽŽĚ͍ 'ŝǀĞ ĞdžĂŵƉůĞƐ͘
8. tŚLJ ŝƐ ĨŽŽĚ ĐŽŽŬĞĚ͍ tŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ƚŚĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŽŬŝŶŐ ĨŽŽĚ͍

,
Let s Do
A. Search names of ten food items in the word grid below. Look across and down.
One has been done for you.

M I L K L M P M

E G G C B I R A

A P T H U N I N

T O M A T O C G

O T L G T O E O

P A N E E R D R

V T I B R E A D

V O N I O N J E

 ͘ DĂŬĞ Ă ĐŚĂƌƚ ŽŶ ŶƵƚƌŝĞŶƚƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ ŝƐƉůĂLJ ŝƚ ŽŶ LJŽƵƌ ĐůĂƐƐ ďƵůůĞƟŶ
board.

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 C. Circle the vegetables that you can eat raw.

,
Let s Think and Answer HOTS
1. Mani bought lots of vegetables that can be consumed in next 4 days from the
market. How should he store them?
2. Who needs to take more carbohydrates – a rickshaw puller or a car driver?
Why?

,
LLet s Acquire sĂůƵĞĂƐĞĚYƵĞƐƟŽŶ

What is the importance of milk products in our daily food?

(a) Milk products give us less energy.
(b) Milk products are necessary for growth.
(c) Milk products help in sleeping well.
(d) Milk products do not get spoilt.

,
Let s Enhance Our Life Skills
 /Ŷ ŽƵƌ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͕ ŵĂŶLJ ĨĞƐƟǀĂůƐ ĂƌĞ ĐĞůĞďƌĂƚĞĚ͘ ^ŽŵĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ĚŝƐŚĞƐ ĂƌĞ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ
ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĨĞƐƟǀĂůƐ͘ tƌŝƚĞ ĚŽǁŶ ŶĂŵĞƐ ŽĨ ƚǁŽ ĨĞƐƟǀĂůƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ƐƉĞĐŝĂů ĚŝƐŚĞƐ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚ
on them.

&ĞƐƟǀĂů Dish

1. ___________________ ___________________

2. ___________________ ___________________

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