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    2.1 Revision Guide Periodicity Aqa

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    shafiqur rahman
    This document discusses trends in various physical and chemical properties across period 2 of the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionization energy, melting and boiling points. Atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases across the period as more protons are added. There are some anomalies where outer electrons are being paired or enter different orbitals. Melting and boiling points depend on the type of bonding between elements as you go across the period.

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    2.1 Revision Guide Periodicity Aqa

    Uploaded by

    shafiqur rahman
    15 views1 page
    This document discusses trends in various physical and chemical properties across period 2 of the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionization energy, melting and boiling points. Atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases across the period as more protons are added. There are some anomalies where outer electrons are being paired or enter different orbitals. Melting and boiling points depend on the type of bonding between elements as you go across the period.

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    2.1-revision-guide-periodicity-aqa

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    This document discusses trends in various physical and chemical properties across period 2 of the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionization energy, melting and boiling points. Atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases across the period as more protons are added. There are some anomalies where outer electrons are being paired or enter different orbitals. Melting and boiling points depend on the type of bonding between elements as you go across the period.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views1 page

    2.1 Revision Guide Periodicity Aqa

    Uploaded by

    shafiqur rahman
    This document discusses trends in various physical and chemical properties across period 2 of the periodic table, including atomic radius, ionization energy, melting and boiling points. Atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases across the period as more protons are added. There are some anomalies where outer electrons are being paired or enter different orbitals. Melting and boiling points depend on the type of bonding between elements as you go across the period.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    2.

    1 Periodicity
    Periodicity is the repeating pattern of physical or
    chemical properties going across the periods

    Classification of elements in s, p, d blocks


    Elements are classified as s, p or d block, according
    to which orbitals the highest energy electrons are in.

    Period 2 = Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne


    Period 3 = Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar

    Atomic radius 0.18


    0.16

    atomic radius (nm)


    Atomic radii decrease from left to right across a
    0.14
    period, because the increased number of protons 0.12
    create more positive charge attraction for electrons 0.1
    which are in the same shell with similar shielding. 0.08
    0.06
    0.04
    0.02
    Exactly the same trend in period 2 0
    Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

    1st Ionisation Energy


    There is a general trend across to increase. This is due to
    1st ionisation energy

    1600
    increasing number of protons as the electrons are being 1400
    added to the same shell. 1200
    (kJ/mol)

    1000
    There is a small drop between Mg + Al. Mg has its outer 800
    600
    electrons in the 3s sub shell, whereas Al is starting to fill the
    400
    3p subshell. Al’s electron is slightly easier to remove
    200
    because the 3p electrons are higher in energy. 0
    Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
    There is a small drop between phosphorous and sulfur.
    Sulfur’s outer electron is being paired up with an another Exactly the same trend in period 2 with
    electron in the same 3p orbital. drops between Be & B and N to O for
    When the second electron is added to an orbital there is a same reasons- make sure change 3s
    slight repulsion between the two negatively charged and 3p to 2s and 2p in explanation!
    electrons which makes the second electron easier to remove.

    Melting and boiling points


    For Na, Mg, Al- Metallic bonding : strong bonding – gets 3000
    stronger the more electrons there are in the outer shell that
    Melting and boiling

    2500
    are released to the sea of electrons. A smaller sized ion with 2000
    points (K)

    a greater positive charge also makes the bonding stronger.


    1500
    Higher energy is needed to break bonds.
    1000
    Si is Macromolecular: many strong covalent bonds between
    500
    atoms, high energy needed to break covalent bonds– very
    0
    high mp +bp
    Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
    Cl2 (g), S8 (s), P4 (S)- simple molecular : weak van der waals
    between molecules, so little energy is needed to break them – Similar trend in period 2
    low mp+ bp Li,Be metallic bonding (high mp)
    S8 has a higher mp than P4 because it has more electrons B,C macromolecular (very high mp)
    (S8 =128)(P4=60) so has stronger v der w between molecules N2,O2 molecular (gases! Low mp as
    small v der w)
    Ar is monoatomic weak van der waals between atoms Ne monoatomic gas (very low mp)
    N Goalby chemrevise.org

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