Heaven's Light Is Our Guide
Heaven's Light Is Our Guide
Heaven's Light Is Our Guide
COURSE NO : ME 3201
SUBMITTED BY-
ROLL: 132001
SECTION: A
SESSION: 2013-14
Heat transfer:
Heat transfer is defined as the transmission of energy from one region to another
as a result of temperature gradient.
2. Convection
3. Radiation
Now the discussion is on the analogies between momentum and heat transfer:
Diffusion:
There are some notable similarities in equations for momentum, energy,
and mass transfer which can all be transported by diffusion as illustrated by
the following examples:
Mass: the spreading and dissipation of odors in air is an example of
mass diffusion.
Energy: the conduction of heat in a solid material is an example of
heat diffusion.
Momentum: the drag experienced by a rain drop as it falls in the
atmosphere is an example of momentum diffusion.
The molecular transfer equations of Newton's law for fluid
momentum, Fourier's law for heat, and Fick's law for mass are very similar.
Transported Physical
Equation
quantity phenomenon
Viscosity τ=-v
Momentum ∂ pv ∂ y
(Newtonian fluid) ∂ x ∂x
Heat conduction q dT dy
Energy A
=−k
dx dx
(Fourier’s law)
dy dC
J=−D
dx dx
where D is the diffusivity constant.
where ,
τ is the flux ,
ν is μ/ρ, the momentum diffusivity,
ρ is the density and
μ is the viscosity.
Newton’s Law is the simplest relationship between the flux of momentum
and the velocity gradient.
Heat transfer:
All processes in engineering involve the transfer of energy. Some examples
are the heating and cooling of process streams, phase changes,
distillations, etc. The basic principle is the first law of thermodynamics
which is expressed as follows for a static system:
q dT dy
=−k
A dx dx
The net flux of energy through a system equals the conductivity times
the rate of change of temperature with respect to position.
For other systems that involve either turbulent flow, complex
geometries or difficult boundary conditions another equation would be
easier to use:
Q=hAΔT
Where,
A is the surface area,
ΔTis the temperature driving force,
Q is the heat flow per unit time and
h is the heat transfer coefficient.
dC
Q∞ dx
where,
Q is the flow rate and
dC
dx
is the concentration gradient.
Heat transfer:
No medium
Radiation
Heat
transfe
r
Conduction Convection
Mass transfer:
1. Diffusion: it occurs in-
¡.solid
¡¡.liquid
¡¡¡.gas
2. Convection : it occurs in fluid medium
3. Radiation : no effect on mass transfer.
0(none)
Radiation
Mass
transfe
r
Diffusion Convection
Diffusivity’s order is given above. From that we see that diffusion is more in
gas then liquid and then solid. It can be easily understood from the
example: a slice apple is kept in three medium as solid, liquid and gaseous.
If this apple is kept in three medium than the diffusivity order will be as