Buena, Aprilyn B.

Bsed- SocSci- 3A

Chapter 1

Vision, Policy and Objectives, Historical Perspective and

Legal bases of Special Education

ACTIVITY:

1. How did Roselle’s situation help her to achieve her dreams?

 Despite of her condition of being blind, Roselle did not show being anguish, she achieved all
her dreams with the help of her loving family, she was courage as a bonding and unity and
making their family can’t miss anything about Roselle. Because of the help of her family and
the determination of Roselle to achieve her dreams then she made it. Roselle truly
triumphs over her disability.
2. Why did some Universities not accept students like Roselle?
 Some of the Universities not accept student like Roselle because there are no facilities for
blind students in most schools.

APPLICATION:

1. What are the important events relevant to the implementation of special Education?
 Ancient Greece and Rome- have isolated examples of caring for and treating disabled
individuals.
 The mid-1500s- Pedro Ponce de Leon succeeded in teaching deaf pupils in Spain to speak,
read and write.
 17th century- John Bulwer of England published an account of his experiences teaching deaf
persons to speak and lip-read.
 19th century- Friedrich Moritz Hill(1805-74)- leading educator of the deaf ,relation to the
method to the concept “ here and now ” of child known as the “ natural method ”.
 In the late 18th century- Valentin Hauy, as the “ father and apostle of the blind, opened the
National Institution of Blind Youth(Institution Nationale des Jesus Aveugles). In Paris in
1784, with12 blind children as his first pupils.
2. Create a timeline of the History of SPED in the Philippines.
In 1900s until 1949:
 1902- Educate Filipino with disabilities was expressed more than a century during the American
regime.
 1907- The special Education program formally started.
 1926 – Welfareville Children’s Village in Mandaluyong, Rizal was established.
 1936 – Mrs. Maria Villa Francisco appointed as a first principal of deaf and blind.
 1945 – National Orthopedic Hospital opened its school.
 1949 – Quezon City Science High School for gifted students was inaugurated.
3. Start clipping documentary stories and articles from internet about people with disabilities who
become successful by going to school.
REFLECTION:
 IDEA came into Law in 1990, received three major re-authorization. IDEA was amended
to include children with learning disabilities between the age of 3 and 9. 2004 revision
reinforced provision for disciplining students, revised evaluation requirements for
students with learning disabilities and implemented trial IEP Programs in fifteen states.

Current status of Special Education in the Philippines

 As the education system transitions into the new normal. The Department of Education
ensure that children with special needs would be able to continue their Education.
Secretary Leonor Briones said in Filipino that “ We are giving this careful attention as we
try to find ways on how to increase access for children with special needs in schools.
Under its inclusive Education policy, DEPED assured that the unique circumstances of
learners with exceptionalities are included in its learning continuity plan and funds are
also allocated to address their needs especially in Education. With inclusivity in mind,
DEPED said that learners with special needs will also be provided with self learning
modules as alternative learning delivery modalities will be offered for various types of
learners across the Philippines.

ASSESSMENT:

A. JEAN-MARC-GASPARD ITARD(1775-1838)
 A French physician who was an authority on diseases of the ear and on the education of
students who were deaf.
 Successors formed the foundation for the present day special education are:
 Individualized instruction- the child ’s characteristics rather that prescribed academic
content, provide the basis for teaching techniques.
 A carefully sequenced series of educational tasks- beginning with tasks the child can
perform and gradually leading to more difficult learning.
 Emphasis on stimulation and awakening of child ’s senses- help the child become more
aware of and responsive to educational stimuli.
B. EDOUARD SEGUIN(1812-1880)
 Young doctor who studied medicine and surgery under I art and Psychiatry under
Esquirol.
 He worked as a director at the school for ‘idiots ’ in the Salpetriere asylum,
 The potential benefits of PHYSIOLOGICAL METHODS in treating mental retardation.
 In 1844, the Paris Academy of Science praised Seguin methods, stating that he had
solved the problem of ‘idiot education’. The positive results served as a foundation for
similar efforts throughout Europe and America.
C. MARIA MONTESSORI
 She established children’s homes, campaigned against stigmatization of disabled children,
and established a behavior reconstruction laboratory.
 These contributed immensely to the transformation process of the present day special
needs education that is aimed at preparing disabled children for a functional and a brighter
future.
  Thus, is expected to aid educators and stakeholders in dealing with children and people with
immensely special needs.

D. LOUIS BRAILLE
 About 1859 or 1860 the Braille system was introduced to America and was taught with
some success at the St. Louis School for the Blind.
 In 1868, the British and foreign blind association came into this country, gave to it a
powerful impetus by printing and disseminating books in that type.
E. JOHN F. KENNEDY
 He pushed for the Government to become more involved in helping all children get an
adequate education.
 Many students with untreated disabilities led lifeless lives cooped up in segregated areas
where they were treated very inhumanely and suffered intolerably.
 ECIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

APPLICATION:
IN THIS APPLICATION I JUST SEARCH ON THE INTERNET FOR SOME INFORMATION ABOUT SPED
TEACHER. ( IN YOUTUBE ).

 .
CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION TO SP
ASSESSMENT:
4 POINTS OF VIEW OF SPECIAL EDUCATION ACCORDING TO HEWARD:
1. Special Education is a Legislatively-governed enterprise.
 It is systematically implemented and carefully evaluated instruction to help exception
children achieve the greatest possible self sufficiency and success and future environment.
2. Special Education is a part of country ’s educational system.
 This help student with disabilities to be part of the education without exception. Every
school promote equality in e very student just to take education as part of their lives as a
students.
3. Special Education is teaching children with special needs in the least restrictive environment.
 This state that children who received special education should learn in the least restrictive
environment which means they should spend much time as possible with peers who do not
receive special education.
4. Special Education is purposeful invention.
 Special Education may be best described as a purposeful intervention designed to overcome
or eliminate the obstacles that keep children. In other word it is about providing children
with disabilities with individualized plan to instructions to help them succeed.

INTRODUCTION OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

ANALYSIS:

1. How does Inclusive Education benefits Samuel? All children? Society as a whole?
 The benefit of Samuel in the Inclusive Education is that to show what he can do and spend
time with his peers. In children and society is about supporting the development of special
needs. The most effective building solidarity between children with special needs and their
peers.
2. How does inclusive Education improve school culture and climate?
 It improves student relationship to others, to have a better prospection in the environment
and build the best attribute in positivity in relation to their peers.
3. How does Inclusive Education raise expectation and improve belonging?
 In the way of meeting the goals or objectives of every schools and laws. In supporting to
developed special needs in Education.
APPLICATION:

1. Describe the different special Education programs and services offered by the Philippine public
and private institution and cite an example of each.
 R
2. Why is Inclusive Education a better concept to adopt in general school?
 Inclusive Education a better to adopt in general School so that special needs will be part in
their educational system which every student is equal. The environment that they stand by
normal is an environment also for the special. No discrimination at all. What normal person
can do is also can do by the special. It should be part since they need a better Education to
promote their needs not based on their physical defect.

ASSESSMENT:

1. What is inclusive classroom?

 C. One in which students with and without disabilities work and learn together.
2. What are some ways to run a successful inclusive classroom?
 D. All of the answers are correct.
3. How should you present information to students in an inclusive classroom?
 B. All of these answers are correct.
4. Which law requires inclusion?
 A. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
5. Which of the following is not a benefit of inclusion?
 B. Higher Expectations.
 CHAPTER 3
BASIC CONCEPT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

APPLICATION:

1. HISTORY OF THE CHILD DISABILITIES. (I JUST BASED ON THE YOUTUBE)

(Eileen’s Story of Raising A Son with the Hidden Disability of Autism)

Appreciation of the uniqueness of childhood can foster awareness and recognition of the special needs
for children. The aims of this article are to delineate the definitions of childhood disability and describe
childhood disabilities through the ages with a chronological perspective and a focus on dental
disabilities. Patients with the disabilities associated with the Ectodermal Dysplasias and Naevoid Basal
Cell Carcinoma Syndrome are used to illustrate the effects on oral health.. 

A person with a disability is unable to perform certain functions as well as most others. The disability
may be physical, it may involve senses like seeing or hearing, it may involve the inability to think clearly,
or it may involve mental health. Many people with a disability have full abilities in other areas.

Disability is common — about 1 in 50 children has a disability. There are many types of disability,
including disabilities that children are born with, disabilities that develop after birth and disabilities that
are caused by injury.

Children with a disability may have special needs and require nd as much support as possible.

Common disabilities such as autism, Down syndrome and intellectual and physical disabilities create
challenges with thinking, behaviour and skill development.

ASSESSMENT:

1. What can go wrong during the germinal phase?

 The Genetic disorder can be transmitted
2. What can go wrong during the embryonic phase?
 Physical abnormalities can result. At birth, their Infants born with extra or missing limbs and
fingers, ears and other body parts, a tail like protrusion, heart or brain, digestive or
respiratory organs outside the body.

CHAPTER 4
 TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

ACTIVITY:

YOUNG INFANT (BIRTH TO 8 MOBILE INFANT OR TODDLER ( 16 TO 36 MONTHS )

MONTHS) PRETODDLER ( 6 TO 8
MONTHS )
What cognitive  Pays attention to  Knows familiar faces  Can work toys with
developmental faces and begins to know buttons, levers and
milestone do  Begins to follow if someone is moving parts.
you see? things with eyes stranger.  Plays make believe
and recognize  Likes to play with with dolls, animals,
people at a others especially and people.
distance. parents.  Does puzzles with
 Begins to act  Likes to look at three or four pieces.
bored. self in a mirror.  Understands what
 Responds to two means.
affection.
 Uses hands and
eyes together
such as seeing a
toy and reaching
for it.
 Watches faces
closely.
What is the  Doesn’t smile at  Shows no affection  Doesn’t want to play
infant or people. for caregivers. with other children or
toddler not yet  Doesn’t respond  Doesn’t make with toys.
able to do? to loud sound. vowel sounds ( ah,  Drools or has very
What does he  Doesn’t watch eh, oh ) unclear speech.
or she seem  Doesn’t play pretend
things as they  Doesn’t respond
almost ready to
move. to sounds around or make believe.
do / what does
 Doesn’t bring him/her.  Falls down a lot or
he need help
with? hands mouth  Has difficulty has trouble with
getting things to stairs.
mouth.
 Seems very stiff,
with tight
muscles.

What are the  They just do what  They try to caught  This is the stages where
adults doing to makes the infants the infant attention. they try to give
support doing. They tried to  They just take information to the
cognitive make it smile. care and watch infant and learn new
development  They start to them daily to things.
share and play to avoid harm.  Led them in every
them. actions that makes
 them happy with.

ANALYSIS:
Based on the child’s development activity, was the child able to follow the developmental milestone
correctly?
 Yes, skills such as taking a first step, smiling are developmental milestone. Children reach in
how they play, learn, speak, behave, and move. Children develop at their own pace It ’s
possible to tell exactly when a child will learn a skill. The developmental milestone give a
general idea of the changes to expect as a child gets older.

ASSESSMENT:

1. In normal fine motor development, which of the following should occur first?
 B. Drawing a square
2. At what age should a child be referred to a pediatrician if they have not begun to walk?
 A. 18 months
3. At what age should a child develop a mature pincer grip?
 C. 2 Years
4. Which of the following is an example of Double syllable babble displayed by an infant around 9-
12 months?
 E. Ma-da
5. Around what age should a child be able to build a tower of three building blocks?
 B. 21 Months
 CHAPTER 5
BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

APPLICATION:

1. Cite the significant outcomes of Human Genetic Project.

Human Genomes Project in 2003:

 Mapping- the number, location, size and sequence of human genes is now established.
 Screening- this has allowed for the production of specific gene probes to detect sufferers
and carriers of genetic diseases.
 Medicine- the discovery of new proteins have lead to improved treatments
( pharmacogenetics and rational drug design )
 Ancestry- comparisons with other genomes have provided insight into the origins, evolution
and migratory patterns of man.

REFLECTION:
“THE MIRACLE OF LIFE”

 The miracle of life was an episode produced by the Nova about the human reproductive
process. The episode won multiple awards including a Peabody and an Emmy. Photographed by
Lennart Nilson , the program was originally aired in Sweden as the Saga of Life.The most wacth
NOVA documentary ever made and a revolution in the understanding of human development,
The Miracle of life employs the most current development in endoscopic and microscopic
technology to capture the intricacies of human development.
 The miracle of life documentary from the released sperm of male to the vaginal part of the
female and how the sperm units the egg cell. In other words , only two cells are needed to
create a baby,to cells and a miracle in just nine months this peer of cells blossom into billion of
cells, gently protect in a mothers womb, a tiny human raise, together the mother and baby
share this journey of life this magnificent adventure called pregnancy. And after forty weeks a
new being is born in this world.
ASSESSMENT:

1. What are the biological and environmental causes of disability?

 Developmental disabilities are caused by many different kind of trauma to the developing and
nervous system.
 Child accidents ( auto accidents, fall, near drowning, burns and child abuse)
 Drug and toxic substance poisoning
 Genetic disorder
 High risk conditions in women and infants
 Lead poisoning
 Metabolic disorders
 RH blood disease
 Intrauterine and other infectious diseases.

CHAPTER 6
ISSUES IN LABELLING OF SPECIAL CHILDREN

“ If everyone spent less time fretting about the many ways in which our children aren ’t perfect and
perceiving their natural variations as a defects, our jobs would be much easier, ’ says Secret Teacher ’

ANALYSIS:

1. How do you relate this quote to the issue on labeling special children?
 If we didn’t give a label to the special children and act like they are a normal children then it
must be a better decision. We all know labeling is an easy way to identify a person but not all
labels are being advantage to the special children. We must give consideration that every special
should treat like a normal child without title or title of it. Same as giving an equal education to
them and taking them in to a general education system which will give them an improvement in
their personalities. We can label their disabilities but not their personality.
APPLICATION:

1. Point/counter point essay: labeling a child with a physical disability rather than mental disability
more harmful or more helpful.

 We all know that labeling is a process of creating descriptions to identify persons who differ form the
normal. Labeling a child with a physical disability is an harmful because its just that his only disable based
on his physical appearance which is in this generation some of the people have the physical
disability it make the confidence and trust of their self low if we are giving labels base only of
their physical which is a not normal in a norm society. We should consider them an different but
not totally and we must convince them that they also belong to the society. In contrast, mental
disability for me it should be labeled so that we are able to identify their disabilities since we are
talking about mental which is it is important and need a guidance for that. This consider as an
advantage for the mental disabilities which they are being guided and able to diagnose
expertise.

2. Should certain physical disabilities or certain levels of disability be labeled at all?

 For me not all physical disabilities should be label because some of them are from the causes of
environmental disabilities which are being acceptable and some of the abilities are light to think
of. Like notch they are just “bingot” but still they look like a normal. Some of disabilities are
simple and not totally need to be labeled.

REFLECTION:

I ALREADY HAVE MY REFLECTION ABOUT MIRACLE OF LIFE IN CHAPTER 5.

RESEARCH:

DEVELOPMENT DISABILITIES, THE PREVELENCE, CAUSES AND EFFECT ON THE LIFE OF THE CHILD AND
FAMILY.

 Disability places a set of extra demands or challenges in the family system; most od these
demands last for a long time. Many of these challenges cut across disability, and type of the
family in which the person lives. There is the financial burden associated with getting health,
education, and social services; buying equipment and devices, transportation, medications
and special food. The person or the family may be eligible for payment or reimbursement
from an insurance company and or public funded program such as Medicaid or
supplemental security income. However, knowing what services and programs one is
eligible for and then working with a bureaucracy to certify that eligibility is another major
challenge faced by families. Coordination of services among different providers such as a
physician, physical therapist, social worker, teacher and etc. who often are not aware of
what the other is doing and may provide discrepant information is another challenge faced
by families. Families experience the burden of this lack of coordination.
ASSESSMENT:

COMPARE AND CONTRAST IMPAIRMENT, DISABILITY AND AT RISK.

 Impairment is any loss of abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical

structures or function, Disability is any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in
the manner or within the range considered normal for human being. While at risk for
disabilities status must made on an individual child basis and may include. For example,
factors used for moving children to higher tiers in a response to intervention model.
Developing a specific disability must be made explicit in applications and must be
completed.