FINAL ELECTIVE MATHEMATICS 8 Module 2 4th Quarter
FINAL ELECTIVE MATHEMATICS 8 Module 2 4th Quarter
FINAL ELECTIVE MATHEMATICS 8 Module 2 4th Quarter
Elective Mathematics-8
Using Parallel Lines & Proving Lines
Parallel
Fourth Quarter – Module 2 (Week 3&4)
GEOMETRY
Raymond M. Lipa
Author
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8. Complete the following to make a true statement. “In a plane, if two
lines are ____ to the same line, then they are ______ to each other.”
A. Perpendicular, parallel C. perpendicular, perpendicular
B. Parallel, parallel D. All of the above
Part II. Complete the statements and reasons for each of the following
proofs.
Note: Acronyms and abbreviations are NOT ALLOWED.
Prove: ∠1 is supplementary to ∠3
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ________________________________________________ 1.Given
2. ∠2 ≅ ∠6 2. _______________________________
3. ∠3 ≅ ∠2 3._______________________________
4.∠3 ≅ ∠2 4._______________________________
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In geometry, parallel lines are lines in a plane which do not meet; that
is, two straight lines in a plane that do not intersect at any point are said to
be parallel. Colloquially, curves that do not touch each other or intersect and
keep a fixed minimum distance are said to be parallel. A line and a plane, or
two planes, in three-dimensional Euclidean space that do not share a point
are also said to be parallel. However, two lines in three-dimensional space
which do not meet must be in a common plane to be considered parallel;
otherwise, they are called skew lines. Parallel planes are planes in the same
three-dimensional space that never meet.
DISCUSSION
Postulate 11
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of
corresponding angles are is congruent.
We can use the Postulate 3-1 to prove that pairs of alternate interior angles
are also congruent. See the proof below.
Theorem 3-2
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate
interior angles are is congruent.
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Plan: Since 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛, the corresponding angles such as ∠3 and ∠1 are congruent.
Vertical angles such as ∠1 and ∠2, are also congruent. To show that ∠3 ≅ ∠2
we can use transitive property of congruence. So, here is the two-column
proof.
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛; 𝑡 is a transversal of 𝑚 and 𝑛 1.Given
2. ∠3 ≅ ∠1 2. If two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then the corresponding
angles are congruent.
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 3.Vertical angles are congruent
4.∠3 ≅ ∠2 4.Transitive property of congruence.
Theorem 3-3
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate
exterior angles are congruent.
Theorem 3-4
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of
consecutive interior angles are is supplementary.
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Example 1. Find the value of x, y and z.
⃡ ∥ 𝐵𝐻
Since 𝐴𝐺 ⃡ , ∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐹𝐻 by the alternate interior angle theorem.
𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 = 𝑚∠𝐸𝐹𝐻
2𝑥 = 82
𝑥 = 41
⃡ ∥ 𝐸𝐹
Since 𝐶𝐷 ⃡ , ∠𝐷𝐶𝐸 and ∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 are supplemen-
tary by the consecutive interior angle theorem.
⃡ ∥ 𝐸𝐹
Since 𝐶𝐷 ⃡ , ∠𝐵𝐷𝐼 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐹𝐻 by the alternate exterior angle theorem.
𝑚∠𝐵𝐷𝐼 = 𝑚∠𝐸𝐹𝐻
5𝑦 + 7 = 82
5𝑦 = 75
𝑦 = 15
Theorem 3-5
In a plane, if a line is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, then
it is perpendicular to the other.
Postulate 13
If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is exactly one
line through the point parallel to the given line.
Postulate 13
If two lines in a plane are cut by transversal so that the corresponding
angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
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Example 2. Find the value of x that makes 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛.
So, 3𝑥 + 5 = 65
3𝑥 = 60
𝑥 = 20
Theorem 3-6
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of
alternate interior angles is congruent, then the two lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-7
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of
alternate exterior angles is congruent, then the two lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-8
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that the pair of
consecutive interior angles are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
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b.
𝑚∠1 = 880
𝑚∠4 = 920
Solutions:
a. 𝑚 ∦ 𝑛;
54 + 127 ≠ 180
b. 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛; the alternate interior angles are congruent.
c. 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛; the corresponding angles are congruent.
Theorem 3.9
In a plane, if two lines are perpendicular to the same line, then they
are parallel.
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B. Arrows in the same direction indicate parallel lines. Find all the unknown
marked angles. State the reasons that support your solutions.
1. 2.
1. 4.
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑙 1._______________________________
𝑙∥𝑝
2. ∠1 is a right angle 2. ______________________________
3. _______________________________ 3.Definition of right angle.
4.∠1 ≅ ∠2 4._______________________________
5. ________________________________ 5.Substitution Property
2. ∠2 is a right angle. 6._______________________________
3. __________________________________________ 7.Definition of perpendicular lines
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D. Copy and complete the proof
Proof:
Statements Reasons
Postulate 11
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of corre-
sponding angles are is congruent.
Theorem 3-2
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate
interior angles are is congruent.
Theorem 3-3
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate
exterior angles are congruent.
Theorem 3-4
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of consec-
utive interior angles are is supplementary.
Theorem 3-5
In a plane, if a line is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, then it
is perpendicular to the other.
Postulate 13
If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is exactly one
line through the point parallel to the given line.
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Postulate 13
If two lines in a plane are cut by transversal so that the corresponding
angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-6
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of alternate
interior angles is congruent, then the two lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-7
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of alternate
exterior angles is congruent, then the two lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-8
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that the pair of con-
secutive interior angles are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 3.9
In a plane, if two lines are perpendicular to the same line, then they are
parallel.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
In the figure 𝑥 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷; arrows indicate parallel lines. Answer the following
questions.
1. If 𝑥 = 700 and 𝑡 = 300 , find 𝑝, 𝑞, and 𝑠.
2. If 𝑝 = 1300 , 𝑞 = 1450 , find 𝑥, 𝑠, and 𝑡.
3. If 𝑠 = 500 , and 𝑡 = 350 , find 𝑥, 𝑝, and 𝑞.
4. If 𝑥 = 800 and 𝑡 = ሺ𝑠 − 10ሻ0 find 𝑠, 𝑡, 𝑝 and 𝑞.
5. If 𝑞 = 8𝑡 and 𝑝 = 5𝑠, find all the five angles.
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Part I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Two lines that are coplanar and do not intersect is called _______.
A. Parallel Lines C. Concurrent Lines
B. Perpendicular Lines D. Transversal
2. If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is exactly one
line through the point parallel to the given line.
A. Parallel Postulate C. Corresponding Angle Postulate
B. Perpendicular Postulate D. Linear Pair Postulate
3. Using the figure below, if l1 ∥ l2 and t is a transversal, then which of the
following is true about the measures of ∠4 and ∠6?
A. The sum of the measures of ∠4 and ∠6 is 1800 .
B. The measure of ∠4 is equal to the measure of ∠6.
C. The measure of ∠4 is greater than the ∠5.
D. The measure of ∠4 is less than the measure of ∠5.
4. Lines 𝑚 and 𝑛 are cut by a transversal 𝑞. What value of 𝑥 will make 𝑚 ∥
𝑛, given that ∠1 and ∠4 are corresponding angles and 𝑚∠1 = 5𝑥 – 11
and 𝑚∠4 = 3𝑥 + 5?
A. 6 C. 8
B. 10 D. 12
5. You are tasked to sketch a plan of a parking lot of a mall. Which of the
following should you include on the plan in order to maximize the use
of the area?
A. Landscaping designs C. use of parallel lines
B. Entrance art design D. use of different shape
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Part II. Complete the statements and reasons for each of the following
proofs. (5 points)
Note: Acronyms and abbreviations are NOT ALLOWED.
Prove: ∠1 is supplementary to ∠3
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 𝑎 ∥ 𝑏; 𝑡 is a transversal of 𝑎 and 𝑏 1.Given
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 2. _______________________________
3. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 3._______________________________
4.∠2 and ∠3 are _______ 4.Linear Pair Postulate
5. 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠3 = 180 5._______________________________
6. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠3 = 180 6._______________________________
7. ∠1 is supplementary to ∠3 7._______________________________
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REFERENCES
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