Performance Analysis of FC-TCR: Abstract:-This Paper Deals With Open Loop Study of Fixed

International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 5(3), ISSN: 2394-9333
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Performance Analysis of FC-TCR

1
Yashwant Chaudhari, 2Shubham Kalaskar, 3Prathamesh Patil, 4Srushtee Patil, 5Shivani Shete & 6Anish Salvi,
1,2,3,4,5,6
Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,
Lonere Raigad, Maharastra, India
Abstract:-This paper deals with open loop study of fixed The SVC is an automated impedance or reactive power
capacitor thyristor controlled reactor (FC-TCR) system matching device, designed to bring the system closer to
simulation using Matlab/Simulink for various loading. The unity power factor. SVCs are used in two main situations:
modelling of the FC-TCR is verified using the
Matlab/Simulink. First power flow results are obtained and  Connected to the power system, to regulate the
power profile have been studied for an uncompensated then transmission voltage ("Transmission SVC")
results are compared with the results obtained after  Connected near large industrial loads, to improve power
compensating using the FC-TCR.Its observed that current quality ("Industrial SVC")
drawn by FC-TCR is varied by changing firing angle. In In transmission applications, the SVC is used to regulate the
compensation without FC-TCR, load increases and power grid voltage. If the power system's reactive load
factor become less and in compensation with FC-TCR, load is capacitive (leading), the SVC will use thyristorcontrolled
increases and power factor become near to the unity.Hence by reactors to con-sume VAR from the system, lowering the
providing compensation Voltage, power profile of system will system voltage. Under inductive (lagging) con-ditions, the
be improved and system losses are reduced. capacitor banks are automatically switched in, thus providing a
Keywords:- FACTS, SVC, TCR, Real and reactive power, FC- higher system voltage. By connecting the thyristor controlled
TCR, Maltab/Simulink,Voltage Flicker,FC-TCR Simulation. reactor, which is continuously variable, along with a capacitor
bank step, the net result is continuously variable leading or
I. INTRODUCTION lagging power.[1]
There is a continuous rise in demand of electrical power. To
meet this rise, the growth in generation is essential, which is
not always possible due to various limitations like
environmental, financial, resources, land, etc. Expansion of
transmission network is always not easy. Due to these
problems, the entire power system is operated at its highest
capacity which may generate problems of stability, voltage
collapse and grid failure. To provide stable, secure and quality
power supply to end users and to utilize available transfer
capacities in better way, FACTS or SVC controllers are used
to enhance power system stability along with their main
application of power flow control.
Fig. No. 1 : Basic diagram of FC-TCR
The Power electronic based FACTS or SVC devices are
employed to power systems to improve system performance. In industrial applications, SVCs are typically placed near high
SVC are devices that can be used into power grids in series, and rapidly varying loads, such as arc furnaces, where they can
shunt and both in shunt and series combination. With FACTS smooth flicker voltage
devices, the following merits can be achieved in power III. SIMULATION OF FC-TCR
systems: -
For simulating SVC and to observe the effectiveness of SVC
 Enhanced power transfer capability system chosen for study is shown in Fig. 3. The source is
 Improved system stability and power quality connected by transmission line with fixed capacitor in parallel
 Reduced environmental impact with thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) branch with parallel
 Reduced transmission losses load. Loadisaffected the system voltage and reactive power
 Voltage and Power Profile Improvements requirement. Normally loads are RL in nature so here parallel
 Voltage Regulations and Efficiency of power system RL load is considered with FC-TCR.
operation improvements.
II. STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR
A static VAR compensator is a set of electrical devices for
providing fast-acting reactive power on high voltage electricity
transmission networks. SVCs are part of the Flexible AC
transmission system device family, regulating voltage, power
factor, harmonics andstabilizing the system. A static VAR
compensator has no significant moving parts (other than
internal switchgear). Prior to the invention of the SVC, power
factor compensation was the preserve of large rotating
machines such as synchronous condensers or switched
capacitor banks.[1]
Figure 2: Simulation of FC-TCR
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To implement simulation of FC-TCR in system first and
foremost thing is the sizing of capacitor and inductor. In
normal loading condition there is no need to put SVC in
operation. Initial firing angle α must be such that under
condition that SVC does not exchange any power with AC
system.
To illustrate SVC's ability for providing voltage regulation at
the point of connection control scheme has been implemented
in open loop environment in software simulation
i.e.Matlab/Simulink SVC volt-age, current, active & reactive
power waveforms for different firing angles are shown in
figure.
In case QC orXC and QL or XL cancel out each other, in that
case SVC reactance is infinite (i.e. TCR in blocking mode )
and there is no current leaving or entering the SVC so power
exchange between SVC and the source or load system is zero.
TCR equivalent reactance is given by
𝜋𝑋𝐿
𝑋𝑡𝑐𝑟 =
2(𝜋 − 𝛼) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2(𝜋 − 𝛼)
where QL is the reactance power of the linear inductor and σ
&α are the conduction and firing angles respectively At α
=90o TCR conducts fully and the equivalent reactance XTCR or Figure 4: Waveform of Voltage, Current, Active & Reactive
QTCR becomes XL or QL. At α =180o TCR blocked and its Power with Compensation
equivalent reactance becomes extremely large i.e infinite IV. SIMULATION RESULT
Total SVC reactance including capacitor branch is given by Table 1: Result without compensation
𝑋𝑐 ∗ 𝑋𝑡𝑐𝑟 𝑣2 Current , reactive Power & power factor Variation
Xsvc = 𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝑠𝑣𝑐 =
𝑋𝑐 + 𝑋𝑡𝑐𝑟 𝑋𝑠𝑣𝑐 Without FC-TCR
And as function of conduction angle σ Voltage Current
Active Reactive
Power Power Power
𝜋 𝑋𝑐 ∗ 𝑋𝐿 Sr. No
factor
𝑋𝑠𝑣𝑐 = (KV) (Amp.) (MW) (MVAR)
𝑋𝑐 𝜎 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜎 − 𝜋𝑋𝐿
1 11 640.7 10 7 0.819
And as a function of firing angle α
2 11 656.1 10 7.5 0.801
𝜋𝑋𝑐 ∗ 𝑋𝐿
𝑋𝑠𝑣𝑐 = 3 11 670.2 10 8 0.781
𝑋𝑐 2 𝜋 − 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼 − 𝜋𝑋𝐿
4 11 688.9 10 8.5 0.792
So we can say that effective reactance or reactive power of
SVC branch is function of firing angle α.[2] 5 11 706.1 10 9 0.743
6 11 742.3 10 10 0.707
Table 2: Result with compensation by Considering Firing

angle (deg.) = 400
Current , Reactive, Active Power & power factor
Variation WithFC-TCR
Active Reactive
Voltage Current Power
Sr. No Power Power
factor
(KV) (Amp.) (MW) (MVAR)
1 11 598.4 10.25 5.4 0.902
2 11 598.4 10.25 5.23 0.9166
3 11 599.5 11 5.097 0.9297
4 11 601.8 11 5.01 0.942
5 11 605.8 11 4.973 0.9537
6 11 605.3 11 5.04 0.9732
From above table we, seen that current & reactive power
increases and system power factor become less. That means
Figure 3: Waveform of Voltage, Current, Active & Reactive losses in transmission line become which resulting, receiving
Power without Compensation end voltage become less than the sending end voltage and
conductor of line are heated and line capability will be reduce

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But by using compensation the above causes can be
minimised.
For example, to get 1 kW of real power, if the power factor is
unity, 1 kVA of apparent power needs to be transferred (1 kW
÷ 1 = 1 kVA).At low values of power factor, more apparent
power needs to be transferred to get the same real power. To
get 1 kW of real power at 0.2 power factor, 5 kVA of apparent
power needs to be transferred (1 kW ÷ 0.2 = 5 kVA). This
apparent power must be produced and transmitted to the load
in the conventional fashion, and is subject to the usual
distributed losses in the production and transmission processes.
From the above Table1 & Table2, We are conclude that in un-
compensation system (i.e. without FC-TCR) the reactive
power increases but at same time power factor become
deceases and in compensation (i.e. with FC-TCR) reactive
power become less than un-compensation and at same time
power factor become greater than un-compensation also
voltage regulation, transmission lossesreduced and voltage and
power profile are improvements.
CONCLUSION
From the simulation results for FC-TCR using
Matlab/Simulinkit’s observed that current drawn by FC-TCR
is change by changing firing angle. In compensation without
FC-TCR, load increases and power factor become less and in
compensation with FC-TCR, load increases and power factor
become near to the unity. Hence by providing compensation
Voltage, power profile of system will be improved and system
losses are reduced. It is found that suggested scheme can
effectively use to control voltage and reactivecontrol profile.
FUTURE SCOPE
Here in this paper we just try to show that in today’s world we
need continuous energy so for that FACTS device has more
importance. So we have derived many results from over
Simulink model. If anybody wants to work more in this area
than here some suggestions are given by us.
 Try to make the closed loop simulation of Reactive
power compensation in feature
 Here FC-TCR is considered; try to show more effective
results with other FACTS devices.
 Here MATLAB/Simulink is used try to get results with
PSCAD or any other software
 Try to Compliance with implement with industrial
problems.
Reference
[1] N.G Hingorani& Laszlo Gyugyi, “Understanding
FACTS: concepts and technology of flexible AC
transmission System”, IEEE Press.
[2] SumitK Rathor (IEEE Member), Chintan Patel &Mithila
S Zodape “Simulation and Implementation of FC-TCR”
International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced
Engineering (IJIRAE) Volume 1 Issue 4 (May 2014)
[3] B. Vijay Kumar &K. Shankar Rao ,“Facts by SVC,
Flexible AC Transmission” International Journal &
magazine of engineering technology, Management and
Research Volume 4 Issue 3 (march 2017)
[4] Swapnil Sharma and Dikesh Patel “Modelling and
Simulation of FC-TCRFor Reactive Power Compensation
Using the Matlab/Simulink” Interna-tional Journal of
Advances in Engineering & Technology, Jan., 2015.
[5] Wikipedia:-Static var Compensator


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International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 5(3), ISSN: 2394-9333

Performance Analysis of FC-TCR

IJTRD | May – Jun 2018

Table 2: Result with compensation by Considering Firing

IJTRD | May – Jun 2018

IJTRD | May – Jun 2018

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