Media and Information Sources

Module 4

Let’s Take A Look

As you are reading now, you consider this tool as a media and
information source. Sources of information are everywhere in this digital period
as we are overwhelmed by various data of information which we tend to believe
as factual in a way that it can alter your mood in an instance specially if it is
about national concern. We all know that media have different sources of
information but we need to consider that our freedom of information may lead
us to misinterpret of information which is a source of outrageous news that is
prematurely evaluated by media experts.

It is important for you to know the different sources of information

coming from various media by way of identifying, determining, analysing and
evaluating it. These steps may help you to become a media and information
literate individual as you will encounter the stages of literacy in sorting out
information from various media channels. A responsible digital citizen knows
how to evaluate different sources may it be indigenous, in a library or in the
internet for us to be an advocate of truth in our society.

Let’s Work It Out

In this module, you will learn about different sources of media as well as
the evaluation process of different sources of information. The following are the
lessons and their unpacked learning competencies for you to fulfill.

Learning Competency:
 Contrast indigenous media to the more common sources of information
such as library, internet, etc.

Specific Objectives:
1. Identify the different sources of information
2. Compare potential sources of media and information
3. Evaluate information from the different sources

Let’s Think First

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the basis for local-level decision making in agriculture, health
care, food preparation, education, natural-resource management, and
a host of other activities in rural communities.
a. Indigenous Knowledge c. Indigenous Media
b. Freedom of Expression d. Right to Information
2. It is managed, controlled, and owned by indigenous people to develop
culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the
community.
a. Indigenous Knowledge c. Indigenous Media
b. Freedom of Expression d. Right to Information
3. The following are characteristics of Indigenous Media; except for:
a. Oral tradition of communication
b. Store information in memories
c. Information exchange is through mail.
d. Information are contain within the border of the community.

4. The following are forms of Indigenous Media ; except for:

a. Folk or Traditional Media
b. Gatherings
c. Direct Observation
d. Texting
5. This is a source wherein there is in-depth, detailed coverage of a topic
and background information.
 a. News Papers c. Books
b. Internet d. Magazines
6. The following are types of library; except for:
a. Academic c. Private
b. Public d. Special
7. These are steps on spotting a fake news or information: except for;
a. Check the author c. Check the date
b. Look for supporting sources d. Only read one source
8. What is the truth about indigenous media and information?
a. Knowledge of people is multicultural and diverse.
b. Information is disseminated in variety of ways and spread in a
matter of seconds.
c. The sources of information are people within the community and it
can start with simple local meetings such as “kwentong barbero”.
d. Original information is not created by the local group of people.
9. These are skills in determining accurate information: except for;
a. Look for facts
b. Cross-reference with other sources
c. Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information.
d. Check for citations
10. This is one advantage of a magazine and newspaper.
a. General information and good source of current events
b. Quickly spreads messages or news
c. 24/7 interaction
d. Information updated frequently

Let Me Catch You

Activity 1
Directions: Select the best media and information resources that you will use
for the given topics.

Guide Questions:

Which information sources (indigenous, library, internet, mass media) do you

prefer to use for the following topics? Why?

1.COVID-19 Cases Update

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2.Anti-Terror Bill
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

3.Mayor Vico Sotto

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

4.NBA Filipino Prospect Kai Sotto

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5.ABS-CBN Shutdown
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Have a Tour

 Activity 2

Directions: Listed below are the elements and stages of Information Literacy.

Determining sources of information

Analyzing and evaluating the quality of
Information
Citing or searching for information
Using information in an ethical, efficient and
effective way
Creating and communicating new knowledge
Organizing, storing or archiving information
Identifying/recognizing information needs

Guide Questions:

Write the proper sequence of the stages of information literacy.

Activity 3
Disaster Scenario
Directions: Read the given situation below and answer briefly.

“According to the weather forecast, there is no typhoon. However, your locality is

experiencing heavy rainfall, while some parts in your province /region are
already flooded. There are reported incidents of landslide, evacuation, stranded
vehicles and drowning. As a student, what are you going to do?”

Guide Questions:
1. What information do you need?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. Where will you get them?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. How will you access them?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. How will you check the quality of information?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. How will you organize and store them?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
6. How will you create and communicate them?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Let’s Talk And Tell

MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES

WHAT IS INDIGENOUS?

Native; local; originating or produced naturally in a particular region/locality.

INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE

A knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or society; most often it is not

written down

INDIGENOUS COMMUNICATION

Transmission of information through local channels or forms. It is a means by

which the culture is preserved, handed down and adapted.

INDIGENOUS MEDIA

May be defined as forms of media expression conceptualized, produced, and

circulated by indigenous peoples around the globe as vehicles for

communication.

Indigenous media varies from one place to another. The teacher may look for

local examples of how communication is passed on within local communities.

Key to this is identifying the source of information and the key authorities in a

community. Local meetings such as kapihan, balitaktakan, and kwentong

barber are some examples of how news and stories are passed on within a

community.

 Popular media cannot reach some rural areas. While print, broadcast, and
new media have a wide reach, there are still areas that these forms of media
have not reached.

 Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near
the source and are seldom circulated for profit.

 Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development

because of its direct access to local channels.

 Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and

education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective.
INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Original information created by a local group of people. This also refers to

content about indigenous peoples that may be distributed through dominant

forms of media or through forms of communication unique to their people

group.

FORMS OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA:

1. FOLK OR TRADITIONAL MEDIA

2. GATHERINGS AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

3. DIRECT OBSERVATION

4. RECORDS (WRITTEN, CARVED, ORAL)

5. ORAL INSTRUCTION

WHAT IS INTERNET?

It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and

communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using

standardized communication protocols.

EVALUATING INFORMATION FOUND ON THE INTERNET:

 Authorship

 Publishing body

 Accuracy and Verifiability

 Currency

THINGS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING INFORMATION:

 Reliability

 Accuracy

 Value

 Authority

 Timeliness

RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION

Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer

to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information.

ACCURACY OF INFORMATION

Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement

of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated.

Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual data.

Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly

classified, and presented.

SKILLS IN DETERMINING ACCURATE INFORMATION

1. Look for facts.

2. Cross-reference with other sources for consistency.

3. Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information.

VALUE OF INFORMATION

Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving

decisions.

AUTHORITY OF THE SOURCE

Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a primary source

but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and
the like. Sources with an established expert on the subject matter are

considered as having sound authority on the subject.

 Who authored or published the information?

 Is the source credible?

TIMELINESS

Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it

was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been found

accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may

become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less

valuable). Other information may be timeless, proven to be the same in

reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history

SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION

1. Check the Author

2. Check the Date of Publication or of update

3. Check for Citations

4. Check the Domain or owner of the site/page.

.com – commercial

.gov – government

.edu – educational

.org – nonprofit organization

.mil – military

LIBRARIES

It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as

books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale.
TYPES OF LIBRARIES

 ACADEMIC LIBRARY

o Serves colleges and universities

 PUBLIC LIBRARY

o Serves cities and towns of all types

 SCHOOL LIBRARY

o Serves students from Kindergarten to Grade 12

 SPECIAL LIBRARY

o Are in specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations,

museums, the military, private business, and the government.

Due to the wealth of information in a library, it is important to know the

following:

 The access tool to use

 How the information being accessed may be classified

 The depth of details required–some libraries provide only an abstract of the

topic

 More detailed information might require membership or some conformity to

set rules on the source (ex-databases).

Characteristics of libraries in terms of reliability, accuracy, and value –

Libraries of published books are often considered highly reliable, accurate, and

valuable. Books and documents from dominant sources are often peer-

reviewed. ISSN or ISBN registration ensures that standards were followed in

producing these materials.

Source: http://iupui.campusguides.com/c.php?g=583319&p=4027829

Let’s Do It

Activity 4

Directions: Create a Mind Map in relation to indigenous media and

information.

https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/how-to-make-a-mind-map
Guide Questions:
1. How will you differentiate Indigenous Media from Library and Internet?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Indigenous Media and
Information as a source?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you still use indigenous media and information as a source for your
project and assignment? Why or why not?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Check And Learn

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the basis for local-level decision making in agriculture, health care,
food preparation, education, natural-resource management, and a host of
other activities in rural communities.
a. Indigenous Knowledge c. Indigenous Media
b. Freedom of Expression d. Right to Information

2.It is managed, controlled, and owned by indigenous people to develop

culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the
community.
a. Indigenous Knowledge c. Indigenous Media
b. Freedom of Expression d. Right to Information
3.The following are characteristics of Indigenous Media; except for:
a. Oral tradition of communication
b. Store information in memories
c. Information exchange is through mail.
d. Information are contain within the border of the community.
4. The following are forms of Indigenous Media ; except for:
a. Folk or Traditional Media
b. Gatherings
c. Direct Observation
d. Texting
5. This is a source wherein there is in-depth, detailed coverage of a topic
and background information.
a. News Papers c. Books
b. Internet d. Magazines
6. The following are types of library; except for:
a. Academic c. Private
b. Public d. Special
7. These are steps on spotting a fake news or information: except for;
a. Check the author c. Check the date
b. Look for supporting sources d. Only read one source
8. What is the truth about indigenous media and information?
a. Knowledge of people is multicultural and diverse.
b. Information is disseminated in variety of ways and spread in a
matter of seconds.
c. The sources of information are people within the community and it
can start with simple local meetings such as “kwentong barbero”.
d. Original information is not created by the local group of people.
9. These are skills in determining accurate information: except for;
a. Look for facts
b. Cross-reference with other sources
c. Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information.
d. Check for citations
10. This is one advantage of a magazine and newspaper.
a. General information and good source of current events
b. Quickly spreads messages or news
c. 24/7 interaction
d. Information updated frequently
 Answer Key

Let’s Think First

1. A 6. C
2. C 7. D
3. C 8. C
4. D 9. D
5. D 10. A

Let Me Catch You

Activity 1
1. Answers may vary.
2. Answers may vary.
3. Answers may vary.
4. Answers may vary.
5. Answers may vary.

Let’s Have a Tour

Activity 2
Identifying/recognizing information needs

Determining sources of information

Citing or searching for information

Analyzing and evaluating the quality of

information

Organizing, storing or archiving information

Using information in an ethical, efficient and

Effective way

Creating and communicating new knowledge

Activity 3
Disaster Scenario
1. Answers may vary.
2. Answers may vary.
3. Answers may vary.
4. Answers may vary.
5. Answers may vary.

Let’s Do It
Activity 4
Mind Map
Rubric
15 10 5
Organize The mind map is The mind map is The mind map is
well organized. not well not organized.
The words on organized. The
each branch words on each
logically connect branch
to one another somewhat
showing the connect to one
ability to another showing
categorize limited ability to
information. categorize
information.
Concise Each branch has Some branches
The mind map is
only one word or have the multiple
overly verbose or
idea words or ideas on
is not in a true
a branch mind map
format.
Complete The mind map The mind map The mind map
adequately inadequately has a little, if
represents the represents the any, information
information information presented.
presented. presented.

1. Answers may vary.

2. Answers may vary.
3. Answers may vary.
Let’s Check And Learn
1. A 6. C
2. C 7. D
3. C 8. C
4. D 9. D
5. D 10. A

References

Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd

Media and Information Literacy by Boots C. Liquigan, Diwa Learning Systems
Inc.
http://www.lib.vt.edu/help/research/info-sources.html
https://www.umflint.edu/library/identifying-information-sources
http://www.library.illinois.edu/ugl/howdoi/selectingsources.html
https://bamil786447613.wordpress.com/2018/09/18/media-and-
information-sources/