OUTREACH OF ISLAM

ENGLISH FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES

Arranged by:

M. Fajrul Islam S. ( 06020520053 )

Haafiz Edyandy ( 06020520044 )

ENGLISH LANGUANGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TARBIYAH AND TEACHER TRAINING FACULTY

UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA

2021

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 PREFACE

Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh.

Thank to Almighty God who has given His blessings to the writers for finishing this
paper entitled “Outreach of Islam”. We would like to express our gratitude sincerely for
those who had help us in this English paper assignment.
We would like to thank Mr. Muhtarom M.Ed., as a lecturer in this English for Islamic
Studies class who obliged this assignment for us so that we could share knowledge and
insight in rhythm for gaining as much knowledge as possible.
We would also like to thank all those who shared some of their insights and ideas so
that we could complete this paper on time. This paper contains some information about
outreach of islam that can give some of you more knowledge about outreach od islam and to
broaden the understanding.
We are consciously known that the paper we wrote is far from perfect. Hence,
constructive criticism and particular suggestions are widely open for the perfection and
improvement of this paper. Hopefully, this paper can help the readers to expand their
knowledge about Islam and Science.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh.

Surabaya, March 23rd 2021

Author

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 Table of Contents

PREFACE.................................................................................................................................ii
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................iii
CHAPTER 1.............................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1
A. Background......................................................................................................................1
B. Problem Formulation......................................................................................................1
C. Purpose of The Paper......................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 2.............................................................................................................................2
THEORY AND DISCUSSION...............................................................................................2
A. The Theory of The Outreach of Islam in Indonesia.....................................................2
B. Channels and Ways of Islamization in Indonesia.........................................................3
C. Cause of Islamization Rapidly Developing in Indonesia..............................................4
CHAPTER 3.............................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION....................................................................................6
A. Conclusion........................................................................................................................6
B. Suggestion.........................................................................................................................6

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Islam is a religion that was sent down to the Prophet Muhammad and the apostle as
His last messenger to be the guide for the mankind until the end of the time. He also has a
duty to bring, to introduce, and spread islam widely. After the Prophet Muhammad died, the
leadership of the muslims was replaced by caliph Abu Bakar As-sidiq and then caliph Umar
bin Khattab. At the time of Umar, islam began to spread to Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Iraq.
Then at the time of the caliph Uthman bin Affan, Ali bin Abi Talib, Bani Umayah, and Bani
Abasiyyah Islam had spread to China and even throughout the world.

Islam has also entered Indonesia in various ways and the most common is through the
trade. Because of the strategic area of Indonesia, it is very easy for Islam to enter so that it
makes Indonesia had the most population muslim country in the world.

B. Problem Formulation
1. What is the theory outreach of islam?
2. What is the channels and ways of islamization in Indonesia?
3. What causes of Islamization rapidly developing in Indonesia?

C. Purpose of The Paper

1. Understanding the theory outreach of islam
2. Understanding channels and ways of islamization in Indonesia
3. Understanding causes of islamization rapidly developing in Indonesia

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 CHAPTER 2

THEORY AND DISCUSSION

A. The Theory of The Outreach of Islam in Indonesia

Discussion about the theory of the arrival of Islam in the Archipelago, has some
opinions among some experts. The opinion revolves around three main issues, namely the
origin of Islam developed in the archipelago, the bearer and preacher of Islam and when
exactly Islam began to appear in the Archipelago. There are a number of theories that talk
about the origins of Islam that developed in the archipelago, namely gujarati theory, Persian
theory, and Arabia theory.1

1. Gujarat Theory
This theory was put forward by a number of Dutch scholars, including
Pijnappel, Snouck Hurgronje and Moquette. This theory says that Islam that
developed in the archipelago was open to Persians or Arabs, but from Arabs who
migrated and settled in India and then brought it to the Archipelago. Gujarati theory
bases its opinion through sectarian theory and tombstone theory. According to this
anchovies, there is a similarity of sects embraced by Nusantara Muslims with
Muslims in Gujarat. The sect embraced by these two Muslim communities is the
Shaafa'i sect. At the same time the theory of this sect is corroborated by the theory of
headstones, namely the discovery of models and tombstones in tombs both in Pasai,
malay peninsula and in Gresik, whose shape and model are the same as those in
Gujarat. Because of the evidence, they make sure the Islam that developed in the
archipelago must have come fromthere.2
2. Bengal theory
This theory says that Islam Nusantara originated in Bengal. This theory was
put forward by S.Q.Fatimi. Fatimi's Bengal theory is also based on the tombstone
theory. According to Fatimi the model and headstone shape of Malik Al-Shalih, king
of Pasai, is completely different from the tombstones found in Gujarat. The shape and
model of the headstone is precisely similar to the tombstone in Bengal. Therefore,
according to him, Islam must also come from there. However, fatimi's tombstone

1
Bagus Sujatmiko et al, "THE ENTRY OF ISLAM IN INDONESIA" is accessed from
http://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Makalah_Masuknya_Islam_Ke_Indonesia
2
Baiti, Rosita, and Abdur Razzaq. "Teori dan Proses Islamisasi di Indonesia." Wardah 15.2 (2014): 133-145.

2
 theory later became weak with the proposed theory of sect. Following the theory of
the Sect, it turns out that there are differences in the sect embraced by Bengal
Muslims who are Hanafi, while Islam Nusantara adheres to the Shafi'i Sect. Thus this
Bengal theory became unpowered.
3. Theories of Arabia
Still according to Thomas W. Arnold, the Coromandel and Malabar were the
only places of Origin of Islam when they were dominant in Western - Eastern trade
since the early Hijri century or the 7th or 8th century AD. It is based on Chinese
sources saying that towards the end of the 7th century an Arab merchant became the
leader of an Arab-Muslim settlement on the west coast of Sumatra.

B. Channels and Ways of Islamization in Indonesia

The arrival of Islam to Indonesia and its spread to the nobility and the people
generally, was carried out peacefully. There are six growing Channels of Islamization: trade
channels, marriage channels, Sufism channels, educational channels, arts channels, and
political channels.3

1. Trading
Among the way of Islamization in Indonesia at its initial level is through trade.
This is in line with the busy trade traffic of the 7th to 16th centuries, trade between
countries in the western, southeast and eastern parts of the Asian continent and where
Muslim traders (Arabs, Persians, Indians) participated in taking part in Indonesia.The
use of islamization channels through trade was very profitable.
2. Marriage
Marriage is one of the most convenient channels of Islamization. Because the
bonds of marriage are the bonds of inner birth, the place of seeking peace between
two individuals. Both individuals are husband and wife forming a family that is
precisely the core of society. In this case it means forming a Muslim community.
Islamization channel through marriage that is between merchants or merchants
with indigenous wanitia is also a closely intertwined part with Islamization.This good
relationship is sometimes continued by marriage between the daughters of the natives
and the Traders of Islam. It is through this marriage that a Muslim is born.
3. Sufism
3
Syafrizal, Achmad. "Sejarah Islam Nusantara." Islamuna: Jurnal Studi Islam 2.2 (2015): 235-253.

3
 Sufism is one of the important channels in the process of Islamization. Sufism
belongs to the category that functions and shapes the social life of the Indonesian
nation that leaves clear evidence in the writing between the 13th and 18th centuries. it
is directly related to the spread of Islam in Indonesia. Sufism experts usually have
expertise to cure diseases and others. Among the Sufism experts who give teachings
that contain similarities with the pre-Islamic Indonesian mind are Hamzah Fansuri in
Aceh, Syeh Lemah Abang, and Sunan Panggung in Java. Such mystical teachings still
flourished in the 19th century even in the 20th century.
4. Education
The scholars, religious teachers, the king played a big role in the process of
Islamization, they spread Islam through education, namely by establishing boarding
schools as a place of islamic teaching for students. The more famous kyai who teach
the more famous pesantrennya, and the influence will reach a further radius.
5. Art
Islamization channels through art such as building art, sculpture or carving,
dance, music and literary art. For example, the art of this building can be seen in the
ancient mosque of Demak, Sendang Duwur Agung Kasepuhan in Cirebon, the Great
Mosque of Banten, Baiturrahman in Aceh, Ternate and so on. Another example in art
is with puppet shows, which are favored by the public. Through the stories of puppets
inserted the teachings of Islam. The art of gamelan can also invite the public to see the
show. Furthermore, Islamic religious preaching isheld.
6. Political
The influence of the king's power played a major role in the process of
Islamization. When a king converts to Islam, the people will also follow in the
footsteps of his king. The people have very high obedience and the king as a role
model even become tauladan for his people. The king's political influence greatly
helped spread Islam in this area.4

C. Cause of Islamization Rapidly Developing in Indonesia

In a relatively fast time, it turns out that this new religion can be accepted well by a
large number of indonesian people, ranging from commoners to kings. So the adherents of

4
Ghaffar, Nurkhalish A. "Tasawuf dan Penyebaran Islam di Indonesia." Rihlah: Jurnal Sejarah dan
Kebudayaan 3.01 (2015): 68-79.

4
this religion at the end of the 6th century (12th century AD), and the following years,
managed to become a feared and calculated indonesian Muslim force.

1. Religious Factors
Religious factors, namely the Islamic creed itself and its fundamentals that
command to uphold personality and increase its dignity and dignity, abolish the power
of clergy classes such as Brahmins in the Caste system taught by Hindus.
2. Political Factors
Political factors are colored by the domestic conflict between the countries and
rulers of Indonesia, as well as by the fight between the states and the central
government that is Hindu. This prompted rulers, nobles and officials in those states to
convert to Islam. It can be proven until now, that if the spirit of Islam in bangkiutkan
in the midst of Indonesian society, both in Sumatra, Java, and other Indonesian
islands, with all the power and spirit of Islam will be mangkit simultaneously as a
powerful force.
3. Economic Factors
Economic factors, the first played by traders who use the sea roads both
between the Indonesian archipelago itself, and that extends beyond Indonesian waters
to China, India, and the Gulf of Arab-Persian which is the main supporter, because it
has provided a small profit as well as bringing a large import duty for the ports of
import that it visited, both concerning incoming and outgoing goods.

CHAPTER 3

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

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A. Conclusion
From the explanation above, several things can be concluded

1. There are a number of theories that talk about the origins of Islam that developed in
the archipelago, namely gujarati theory, Persian theory, and Arabia theory.
2. There are six growing Channels of Islamization: trade channels, marriage channels,
Sufism channels, educational channels, arts channels, and political channels.
3. There are three factors why islam rapidly developing in Indonesia there are religious,
economic, and political factors.

B. Suggestion
as a Muslims we need to know how Islam can spread throughout the world so that
from this knowledge can increase our faith as a Muslims. We can learn it from the Koran,
where there are a lot of stories from the previous people or in the Prophet Muhammad
century.

REFERENCES

6
Bagus Sujatmiko et al, "THE ENTRY OF ISLAM IN INDONESIA" is accessed from
http://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Makalah_Masuknya_Islam_Ke_Indonesia , on
October 10, 2019 at 10:10 PM

Baiti, Rosita, and Abdur Razzaq. "Teori dan Proses Islamisasi di Indonesia." Wardah 15.2
(2014): 133-145.
Syafrizal, Achmad. "Sejarah Islam Nusantara." Islamuna: Jurnal Studi Islam 2.2 (2015): 235-
253.

Ghaffar, Nurkhalish A. "Tasawuf dan Penyebaran Islam di Indonesia." Rihlah: Jurnal Sejarah
dan Kebudayaan 3.01 (2015): 68-79.

Ghofur, Abd. "Tela’ah kritis masuk dan berkembangnya Islam di Nusantara." Jurnal
Ushuluddin 17.2 (2011): 159-169.