Subject name and Code : Concrete Technology (22305) Academic year : 2020-21

Course Name : CE 3I Semester : third

A STUDY ON
INFORMATION ABOUT SPECIAL CEMENT
MICRO PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in oct/Nov 2020 by the group of 7 students

Sr. Roll Seat No.

No Full name of student Enrollment (Sem-II)
No
No.
(Sem-
III)

1 29 ATHARVA SURESH KAMBLE 1909350077

2 30 NINAD NILESH KSHIRSAGAR 1909350078

3 31 ROHIT VIKAS MOKASHI 1909350079

RAMCHANDRA DNYANBA
4 32 1909350080
MAHAJAN

5 33 RUPALI BALARAM PILENI 1909350081

6 34 ARPITA JAYWANT BHOIR 1909350082

7 35 GANESH DATTATRAY THAKARE 1909350083

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Rajesh Dinkar

in
1
 3Years Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology of Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education
ISO 9001:2008(ISO/ICE-27001:2013)
SHIVAJIRAO S.JONDHALE POLYTECHNIC, ASANGAON

MAHARASHATRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. ATHARVA SURESH KAMBLE

Roll No- 29 of Third Semester of Civil Engineering Diploma Programme
In Engineering & Technology at Shivajirao S.Jondhle Polytechnic
Asangaon (EAST) Shahapur 421601 has completed the Micro Project
Satisfactorily in subject Concrete Technology (22305) In the academic year
2020- 2021 prescribed curriculum.
Of I Scheme.

Place: ASANGAON Enrollment No. : 1909350077

Date: / / 2020 Exam seat No:

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

2
 MAHARASHATRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. NINAD NILESH KSHIRSAGAR

Roll No- 30 of Third Semester of Civil Engineering Diploma Programme
In Engineering & Technology at Shivajirao S.Jondhle Polytechnic
Asangaon (EAST) Shahapur 421601 has completed the Micro Project
Satisfactorily in subject Concrete Technology (22305) In the academic
year 2020- 2021 prescribed curriculum.

Of I Scheme.

Place: ASANGAON Enrollment No. : 1909350078

Date: / / 2020 Exam seat No:

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

3
 MAHARASHATRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. ROHIT VIKAS MOKASHI

Roll No- 31 of Third Semester of Civil Engineering Diploma Programme
In Engineering & Technology at Shivajirao S.Jondhle Polytechnic
Asangaon (EAST) Shahapur 421601 has completed the Micro Project
Satisfactorily in subject Concrete Technology (22305) In the academic year 2020-
2021 prescribed curriculum.
Of I Scheme.

Place: ASANGAON Enrollment No: 1909350079

Date: / / Exam seat No:

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

4
 MAHARASHATRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. RAMCHANDRA DNYANBA MAHAJAN

Roll No- 32 of Third Semester of Civil Engineering Diploma Programme
In Engineering & Technology at Shivajirao S.Jondhle Polytechnic
Asangaon (EAST) Shahapur 421601 has completed the Micro Project
Satisfactorily in subject Concrete Technology (22305)In the academic
year 2020-2021 prescribed curriculum.
Of I Scheme.

Place: ASANGAON Enrollment No. : 1909350080

Date: / / 2020 Exam seat No:

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

5
 MAHARASHATRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. RUPALI BALARAM PILELI

Roll No- 33 of Third Semester of Civil Engineering Diploma Programme
In Engineering & Technology at Shivajirao S.Jondhle Polytechnic
Asangaon (EAST) Shahapur 421601 has completed the Micro Project
Satisfactorily in subject Concrete Technology (22305)In the academic
year 2020-2021 prescribed curriculum.
Of I Scheme.

Place: ASANGAON Enrollment No. : 1909350081 Date:

/ / 2020 Exam seat No:

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

6
 MAHARASHATRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. ARPITA JAYAVANT BHOIR

Roll No- 34 of Third Semester of Civil Engineering Diploma Programme
In Engineering & Technology at Shivajirao S.Jondhle Polytechnic
Asangaon (EAST) Shahapur 421601 has completed the Micro Project
Satisfactorily in subject Concrete Technology (22305) In the academic
year 2020- 2021 prescribed curriculum.
Of I Scheme.

Place: ASANGAON Enrollment No. : 1909350082

Date: / / 2020 Exam seat No:

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

MAHARASHATRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE
7
 This is to certify that Mr. GANESH DATTATRAY THAKRE
Roll No- 35 of Third Semester of Civil Engineering Diploma Programme
In Engineering & Technology at Shivajirao S.Jondhle Polytechnic
Asangaon (EAST) Shahapur 421601 has completed the Micro Project
Satisfactorily in subject Concrete Technology (22305) In the academic
year 2020- 2021 prescribed curriculum.
Of I Scheme.

Place: ASANGAON Enrollment No. : 1909350083 Date:

/ / 2020 Exam seat No:

Project Guide Head of the Department Principal

INDEX

Sr.No Title name Page No.

1. Introduction of special cement 10

2. Types of special cement 11

Properties of cements
3. 14

8
 4. Purposes for special cements 16

5. Advantages 16

6. Disadvantages 16

7. Conclusion 17

8. Reference 18

1.Introduction Of Special Cement

Special cements are cements that serve some specific function such as altering the setting or
hardening behavior of a concrete, producing different colors for architectural effects,
imparting superior workability, imparting water retention and plasticity to mortars, resisting
the penetration of water in walls or containment vessels or simply reducing the cost of the
cementing agent. This article gives descriptions of the basic characteristics of certain special
cements and their applications.

Those described include: blended hydraulic cements (Portland blast-furnace slag,

Portlandpozzolan, and slag); cements with special setting and hardening properties (Type III,
rapidsetting Portland, high alumina/calcium aluminate/aluminous, magnesia-phosphate, oil-
well); cements with special colors (white Portland and buff-colored); water-repellant;
masonry and expansive cements.

Expansive cements are used in shrinkage-compensating concretes. These concretes find

application in concrete structures, especially floors and slabs, where normal drying shrinkage
cracking is undesirable. When properly restrained by reinforcement or other means,

9
shrinkage-compensating concretes will expand by an amount about equal to the expected
drying shrinkage. Because of the restraint, a compressive stress is induced in the concrete and
subsequent drying will reduce this stress rather than cause tensile stresses and cracking to
develop. Usually, a resilient type of restraint of the kind provided by reinforcing bars is
necessary to develop shrinkage compensation, although this is not always the case. Use of
shrinkage-compensating concrete for post-tensioned slabs with no internal reinforcement has
been advocated to eliminate two-step post-tensioning.

2. Types Of Special Cement

1. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

opc is the most commonly used cement worldwide. The cost of production is not
expensive making it the sought after cement in the building industry. They are
widely used for the construction of high-rise buildings, roads, dams, bridges,
flyovers. Also, Ordinary Portland Cement is used for making grouts and
mortars. Portland cement is caustic, so it can cause chemical burns.[2] The powder
can cause irritation or, with severe exposure, lung cancer, and can contain a
number of hazardous components, including crystalline silica and hexavalent
chromium. Environmental concerns are the high energy consumption required to
mine, manufacture, and transport the cement, and the related air pollution,
including the release of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide), dioxin, NOx,
SO2, and particulates. The production of Portland cement contributes to about
10% of world carbon dioxide emission.

10
2. Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)

The Portland Pozzolana Cement is a kind of Blended Cement which is

produced by either inter-grinding of OPC clinker along with gypsum
and pozzolanic materials in certain proportions or grinding the OPC clinker, gypsum
and Pozzolanic materials separately and thoroughly blending them in certain
proportions.

Types of pozzolana materials

Artificial pozzolana
Fly ash, silica fume, rice husk, blast furnace slag.
Natural pozzolana

Burnt clay, pumicite, diatomaceous Earth.

11
3. Low Heat Cement
Low Heat Cement is specially blended to provide a lower heat of hydration in
concrete. This unique attribute makes it ideal for mass concrete pours where the
rate of temperature rise and the maximum temperature achieved must be controlled
in order to reduce the risk of thermal cracking. This technology delivers improved
later-age concrete strength. When Low Heat Cement is used in concrete significant
strength development after 28 days may be achieved. The performance of this type
of cement has been proven over many years in critical and complex engineering
projects. Low Heat Cement is manufactured to comply with the requirements
specified in Australian Standard AS3972, for Type LH Cement. It also complies
with AS3972 requirements for Type SR (Sulfate Resisting Cement).

Benefits of Low Heat Cement

• Assists in minimising the potential for thermal cracking in thick concrete sections

• Significantly improved later-age concrete strengths

• Improved durability performance

• Increased workability and pumpability with large pours

4. Quick Setting Cement

Quick Setting Cement (QSC) is a special cement formulation which rapidly develops
compressive strength and significantly reduces waiting on cement (WOC) time
compared to conventional cement systems.
A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and
adheres to . Hydraulic cements setting and hardening involve hydration reactions
12
 and therefore require water, while ... higher, but the product set reasonably slowly
and developed strength quickly, thus opening up a market for use in concrete.

3.Properties of cements

1) Fineness of Cement
The size of the particles of the cement is its fineness. The required fineness of good cement is
achieved through grinding the clinker in the last step of cement production process. As
hydration rate of cement is directly related to the cement particle size, fineness of cement is
very important.
2) Soundness of Cement
Soundness refers to the ability of cement to not shrink upon hardening. Good quality cement
retains its volume after setting without delayed expansion, which is caused by excessive free
lime and magnesia.
3) Consistency of Cement
The ability of cement paste to flow is consistency.
It is measured by Vicat Test.
In Vicat Test Cement paste of normal consistency is taken in the Vicat Apparatus. The
plunger of the apparatus is brought down to touch the top surface of the cement. The plunger
will penetrate the cement up to a certain depth depending on the consistency. A cement is
said to have a normal consistency when the plunger penetrates 10¡À1 mm.
4) Strength of Cement
Three types of strength of cement are measured compressive, tensile and flexural. Various
factors affect the strength such as water-cement ratio, cement-fine aggregate ratio, curing

13
conditions, size and shape of a specimen, the manner of molding and mixing, loading
conditions and age.
Compressive Strength: It is the most common strength test. A test specimen (50mm) is taken
and subjected to a compressive load until failure. The loading sequence must be within 20
seconds and 80 seconds.
Tensile strength: Though this test used to be common during the early years of cement
production, now it does not offer any useful information about the properties of cement.
Flexural strength: This is actually a measure of tensile strength in bending. The test is
performed in a 40 x40 x 160 mm cement mortar beam, which is loaded at its center point
until failure.

5) Setting Time of Cement

Cement sets and hardens when water is added. This setting time can vary depending on
multiple factors, such as fineness of cement, cement-water ratio, chemical content, and
admixtures. Cement used in construction should have an initial setting time that is not too
low and a final setting time not too high. Hence, two setting times are measured:
Initial set: When the paste begins to stiffen noticeably (typically occurs within 30-45
minutes)
Final set: When the cement hardens, being able to sustain some load (occurs below 10 hours)
6) Heat of Hydration
When water is added to cement, the reaction that takes place is called hydration. Hydration
generates heat, which can affect the quality of the cement and also be beneficial in
maintaining curing temperature during cold weather.The heat of hydration is affected most by
C3S and C3A present in cement, and also by water-cement ratio, fineness and curing
temperature.
The heat of hydration of Portland cement is calculated by determining the difference between
the dry and the partially hydrated cement (obtained by comparing these at 7th and 28th days).
7) Bulk density
When cement is mixed with water, the water replaces areas where there would normally be
air. Because of that, the bulk density of cement is not very important. Cement has a varying
range of density depending on the cement composition percentage. The density of cement
may be anywhere from 62 to 78 pounds per cubic foot.
8) Specific Gravity (Relative Density)
Specific gravity is generally used in mixture proportioning calculations. Portland cement has
a specific gravity of 3.15, but other types of cement (for example, portland-blast-furnace-slag
and portland-pozzolan cement) may have specific gravities of about 2.90.

14
 PURPOSES FOR SPECIAL CEMENTS

Special cements are cements that serve some specific function such as altering the setting or
hardening behavior of a concrete, producing different colors for architectural effects, imparting
superior workability, imparting water retention and plasticity to mortars, resisting the penetration of
water in walls or containment vessels or simply reducing the cost of the cementing agent. This
article gives descriptions of the basic characteristics of certain special cements and their
applications.Those described include: blended hydraulic cements (Portland blast-furnace slag,
Portland-pozzolan, and slag); cements with special setting and hardening properties (Type III,
rapidsetting Portland, high alumina/calcium aluminate/aluminous, magnesia-phosphate, oil-well);
cements with special colors (white Portland and buff-colored); water-repellant; masonry and
expansive cements.

Expansive cements are used in shrinkage-compensating concretes. These concretes find application
in concrete structures, especially floors and slabs, where normal drying shrinkage cracking is
undesirable. When properly restrained by reinforcement or other means, shrinkage-compensating
concretes will expand by an amount about equal to the expected drying shrinkage. Because of the
restraint, a compressive stress is induced in the concrete and subsequent drying will reduce this stress
rather than cause tensile stresses and cracking to develop. Usually, a resilient type of restraint of the
kind provided by reinforcing bars is necessary to develop shrinkage compensation, although this is
not always the case. Use of shrinkage-compensating concrete for post-tensioned slabs with no
internal reinforcement has been advocated to eliminate two-step post-tensioning.

ADVANTAGES
• Cement is very strong
• It can create large structures quickliy
• It conforms to different shape
15
• It has high thermal mass

DISADVANTAGES
• Cement is subjected to tracking.
• It is very difficult to provide idoneous curing conditions.
• It is not ideal for situation when sattelements is expected.

CONCLUSION

• Cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other
materials together.
• It was first made by Joseph Aspdin in 1824 in England.
• It is Cklassified as natural cement,pozzolana cement,slag cement,Portland cement.
• Portland cement is most commonaly used.
• Its manufacturing process consists of crushing,mixing(wet process),mixing(dry
process),grinding(ball mill and tube mill),storage of ground materials,burning,packaging and
finally transporting to sell.
• It is most commonly used in building contruction,civil,water carring and storage,
transportation and agriculture .

16
 REFERENCE

https://www.hanson.my/en/types-cement-construction-industry use this website .

17