Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 1

Design and Development of Controlled Keyless E-bike

Name of Proponents:

Richard Orzal Agaceta

Randolph Cauan Baccay
Isagani Sibbaluca Macanang
Jhomar Tubadeza Manuel
Arwin Libunao Turoturo

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology major in Automotive Technology

College of Industrial Technology, Cagayan State University

June 2021
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND …………………………….3

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………......3

Objective of the study ………………………………………………………………..4

Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………………………...5

Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………………5

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………….……6

Definition of terms …………………………………………………………………...7

Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ………………………………...8

Related literature and studies ……………………………………………………..8-18

Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ……………………..………………….19

Step and Procedure to build Controlled Keyless E-Bike….……………………….19

Research Design…………………………………….……………………………...21

Research Instrument ………………………………………………………………...22

Statistical Analysis ………………………………………………………………….23

Appendices ...…………………………………………………………………………26

Appendix A: Letter to CEO ………………………………………………………….27

Appendix B: Letter to the DEAN ……………………………………………………28

Appendix C: Evaluation Instrument …………………………………………………29

Chapter 1
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THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

E-bikes are electrical bikes. They look the same as a normal bicycle and can be ridden

the same way, but they have a battery and a small electric motor which make it easier

to use the pedal. With the increasing consumption of natural resources of petrol/diesel,

it is necessary to shift our way toward alternate resource like the electric bike and

other because it is necessary to identify new way of transport.

E- bikes also provide a source of exercise for individuals who have trouble

exercising for an extended time (due to injury or excessive weight) as the bike allow

the rider to take short breaks from pedaling and also provide to the rider that they’ll be

able to complete the selected path without becoming to fatigue or without having

forced their knee joints to hard.

A university of Tennessee study provides evidence that energy expenditure

(EE) and oxygen consumption (VO2) for e-bikes are 24% lower than that for

conventional bicycles, and 64% lower than for walking. Further, the study notes that

the difference between e-bikes are most pronounced on the uphill segment.

Electric bike is a modification of the existing cycle by using electric energy

production. Since it is energy efficient electric bike, it is cheaper and affordable to

anyone. It can be used to a shorter distances by people of any age. It can be contrived

throughout the years. The most vital feature of the electric bike is not that consume

fossil fuels, thereby saving cores of foreign currencies. The second most important
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 4

features is it pollution free, eco-friendly and noiseless in operation. For offsetting

environment pollution using of on-board electric bike is the most viable solution. It

can be charge with the help of AC adapter if there is an emergency. The cost per/km is

very less and with the help of solar panel it can lessen up more. Since it has fewer

components, it can easily dismantled to small components, thus requiring less

maintenance.

Hence, the present study with the aim of providing pollution free and

eco-friendly keyless e-bike will eventually address this problem. If one charges the

battery using solar power, e-bike becomes 100% environmentally friendly and good

for environment . The purpose of the present study is to develop Controlled Keyless

E-bike.

Objectives of the Study

The General Objective of the Study is to develop Controlled Keyless E-bike.

Specifically, it will seek to answer the following:

1. Evaluate the developed Controlled Keyless E-bike product in terms of

 Appearance

 Durability

 Velocity

 Speed
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2. Conduct testing and screening of developed Controlled Keyless E-bike

product.

3.Testing the mobility of developed Controlled Keyless E-bike product

4. Determine the Recovery rate of developed Controlled Keyless E-bike

product.

5. Conduct Economic Analysis of the developed E-bike product.

6. Determine the effect of this product to environment.

Hypothesis of the study

Ha: There is positive effect of developed Controlled Keyless E-bike product in our

environment.

Ho: There is negative effect of developed Controlled Keyless E-bike product in our

environment

Scope and Delimitations

This research will be focusing to the Development of Controlled Keyless E-bike

product. The study will be conducted to the students, teachers, front liners , business

woman/man and to those who can afford to use the Controlled Keyless E-bike.

This study will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Controlled Keyless

E-bike to the consumers or users.

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT
Hardware Testing and
screening Developed
Materials and
equipment keyless- Ebike Controlled
Keyless E-
resources
bike

The study will make use of IPO (Input-Process-Output). The input pertains to the

hardware materials like motor engines and equipment resources refer to tools used in

constructing vehicles. Process pertains to the testing and screening keyless e-bike .

The output of the study after being processed is the Developed controlled keyless e-

bike.

Significance of the Study

This research paper presents the list of the beneficiaries and the benefits of the

Controlled Keyless E-bike.

Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 7

Community- there’s a large relief on the road traffic condition especially in urban

areas. This will benefit the community because it can decrease the overall traffic

issues. And it can take up so much less space than cars.

Front liners- mobility is essential to frontline workers because of the restriction in

transportation. This will essential to workers to get to their destination easier and

faster, E-bike can be owned not shared and can implement social distancing too.

Students- this study will benefits students in terms of affordable mode of

transportation, and it can avoid long waits of transport vehicles and save money as

well. And the student won’t late in their respective classes.

Teachers- this study will benefit the teacher in terms of mode of transportation, most

especially during rush hours so that they won’t be come to school late.

Business woman/man- this study will benefit them so that they can easily delver their

products to their buyers to avoid argument most especially to the buyers who are

demanding.

Future researchers- this will serve as guide and supporting details for the next

researchers which they can easily finish theirs too.

Definition of terms

The following terms are defined according to the context on how they were used in

this study:
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Keyless e-bike- is a develop product that is eco-friendly vehicles.

Appearance- is the over all figure of the product

Durability- the quality of the product including craftsmanship of it.

Velocity- the speed of the product it consider how fast it is.

Development- process of developing or to developed.

Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

As a rapidly evolving hybrid technology, e-bikes are challenging the notions of

Traditional, passive, non-motorized recreation. The goal of this literature review is to

inform Policy discussions and decisions for the quickly growing e-bike market in four

of Colorado’s Northern Front Range open space programs: Boulder County Parks &

Open Space, City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks, Larimer County

Natural Resources Department, and City of Fort Collins.

A 2018 nationwide study of nearly 1,800 new e-bike owners found that older adults

and Those with physical limitations use e-bikes mostly for fitness and recreation,
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 9

whereas younger Adults tend to use e-bikes more heavily for utilitarian purposes, such

as replacing car trips for Commuting, errands and hauling cargo. The electric-assist

makes it possible for more people to Ride a bicycle and generates more and longer

trips. Many users feel safer riding an e-bike Because of their increased confidence in

getting through a wide intersection or navigating more Challenging terrain.

E-bikes offer positive outcomes for accessibility and inclusion, and many agencies

allow Them as “other power-driven mobility devices” (OPDMDs) under the Federal

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines. Several studies have established

positive health benefits of ebike use, given that e-bikers ride more frequently and

longer. E-bikes are particularly attractive To aging baby boomers. Safety, speed,

crowding, and user conflict are common concerns related to bicycles Generally, and

these concerns are heightened for e-bikes. Recreation conflict literature suggests That

most conflict follows an asymmetrical pattern, and research on e-bikes shows that

Experience informs perceptions. Several studies show that trail users unfamiliar with

e-bikes Express a preference to not share the trail with them, but the majority did not

notice that they Were sharing the trail with e-bikes. Similarly, once trail users were

exposed to e-bikes, concerns About them decrease for many.Another negative in the

recreation arena is a concern about technical abilities and riders On e-bikes exceeding

their experience levels or needing rescue. Additionally, some recreational Mountain

bikers believe that e-bike riders should “earn” their ride. There is not much research on

the impacts of e-bikes to physical trail conditions. The only study to date found that
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 10

soil displacement resulting from eMTBs was not significantly different from mountain

bikes, and both kinds of bikes cause significantly less damage than dirt bikes.

Ecologically, some evidence suggests that the impacts of e-bikes (erosion, noise

pollution, effects on wildlife) are no different from conventional bikes, but e-bike

batteries may exacerbate problems associated with battery production and disposal. On

the positive side, although they emit more CO2 than conventional bikes, the potential

emissions reduction from ebikes could be significant if widely adopted and used for

utilitarian purposes.

Many Colorado jurisdictions have acted to allow some or all classes of e-bikes,

including the City of Boulder (certain multi-modal trails), Durango, Jefferson County,

Eagle County, Summit County Rec Path, and Rio Grande Trail. Many other local

jurisdictions allow e-bikes by default under the August 2017 change in state law.

Colorado Parks and Wildlife allow e-bikes wherever conventional bikes are allowed.

In August 2019 the Department of the Interior (DOI) Issued a Secretarial Order

directing all DOI lands (National Park Service, National Wildlife Refuge, Bureau of

Land Management, and Bureau of Reclamation) to exempt e-bikes from the definition

of motorized vehicles and allow e-bikes on all paths where conventional bikes are

allowed. The Order provided agencies 30 days to develop proposals guiding

implementation.

Electric bicycles (e-bikes) represent one of the fastest growing segments of the

transport market. Over 31 million e-bikes were sold in 2012. Research has followed
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 11

this growth and this paper provides a synthesis of the most pertinent themes emerging

over the past on the burgeoning topic of e-bikes. The focus is transport rather than

recreational e-bike research, as well as the most critical research gaps requiring

attention. China leads the world in e-bike sales, followed by the Netherlands and

Germany. E-bikes can maintain speed with less effort. E-bikes are found to increase

bicycle usage. E-bikes have the potential to displace conventional motorised (internal

combustion) modes, but there are open questions about their role in displacing

traditional bicycles. E-bikes have been shown to provide health benefits and an order

of magnitude less carbon dioxide than a car travelling the same distance. Safety issues

have emerged as a policy issue in several jurisdictions and e-bike numbers are now

approaching levels in which adequate safety data are able to be collected. Research on

e-bikes is still in its infancy. As e-bike usage continues to grow, so too will the need

for further research, in order to provide the necessary data to inform policy-makers

and industry.

With a growing popularity for e-bikes, riding a bike could mean less pain and more

game.

A BYU group of three public health professors – Cougar Hall, Ben Crookston and

Josh West – conducted a study showing that mountain pedal-assist bikes provide

nearly identical workout levels compared to normal bikes.

“There is a way to make cycling way more fun and way easier, and that’s the pedal

assist,” said Hall.

Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 12

E-bikes could change the game. Going to work could look like more people biking and

less people driving. The doors could also open for a broader community to hop on a

bike and work out.

Hall says the United States has a polarized perspective on working out. “For many of

us, we have this perception that to engage in physical activity, it’s painful and it’s

unpleasant,” he said.

In the study, the team recruited a little over 30 active mountain bikers and kept track of

their heart rates with monitors and apple watches while biking through a 6-mile trail.

Each participant rode through twice – once with a conventional bike and the other with

an electric bicycle. The team found that riding either bicycle raises the heart rate into a

vigorous intensity zone, with the difference being a 10 beat per minute lower rate for

electric bikes. Best of all? Most participants felt it was less rigorous.

The idea for the research study came as an inspiration from the streets of Europe.

Crookston recalls, “I saw especially older people that were biking into their really

advanced years, and I was wondering how are they doing that…they’re now using

pedal assist bikes.”

Combining the trend they saw in Denmark with the colleagues’ personal interest in

biking helped them identify this as a potential tool in the United States to reduce

obesity, improve environmental health and get more people moving. The research

team says an e-bike has the potential to overcome some of those barriers.
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 13

Hall says the United States has a polarized perspective on working out. “For many of

us, we have this perception that to engage in physical activity, it’s painful and it’s

unpleasant,” he said.  

In the study, the team recruited a little over 30 active mountain bikers and kept track of

their heart rates with monitors and apple watches while biking through a 6-mile trail. 

Each participant rode through twice – once with a conventional bike and the other with

an electric bicycle. The team found that riding either bicycle raises the heart rate into a

vigorous intensity zone, with the difference being a 10 beat per minute lower rate for

electric bikes. Best of all? Most participants felt it was less rigorous.

The idea for the research study came as an inspiration from the streets of Europe.

Crookston recalls, “I saw especially older people that were biking into their really

advanced years, and I was wondering how are they doing that…they’re now using

pedal assist bikes.”

Combining the trend they saw in Denmark with the colleagues’ personal interest in

biking helped them identify this as a potential tool in the United States to reduce

obesity, improve environmental health and get more people moving. The research

team says an e-bike has the potential to overcome some of those barriers.

The Back Story

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Electric vehicles have been in existence for over a hundred years. They predate the

gasoline-driven versions by several decades. In fact, if someone in the year 1900 had

to bet on the future of cars, they’d have put their money on electricity.

Although the first patents for something resembling today’s bicycle date to the 1890s,

the modern electric bike is only about 20 years old with the most popularity gained in

the past few years. The early modern e-bike suffered from the same issue it’s vintage

counterpart did – both used heavy, short-lived and expensive batteries – like lead-acid

technology making them heavy, unreliable and impractical.

One of the side effects of the technological revolution of the recent past is finally

shaking things up. Thanks to the rapid scaling of laptops, cell phones and other mobile

electronic device production, a much lighter and durable battery became affordable –

lithium-ion. Battery packs that used to weigh 20 lbs and provide only a few miles of

range now weigh less than 10 lbs and provide up to 60+ miles of range. Today, most

electric bicycles use these cells.

Finally, after a century of being little more than a fringe idea, e-bikes are starting to

boom and come into the mainstream. The technology is maturing, and we are starting

to consider e-bikes as reliable daily transportation and recreation for the masses.

E-bikes make cycling easier

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It’s true that riding e-bikes is easier than riding a normal bike. It’s more convenient

and less effort. But this is the best thing about it — it makes cycling more accessible.

So yes, electric bikes make cycling that bit easier, but this only makes people more

likely to do it. We applaud anything that stops people being put off by cycling,

especially if it helps achieve what we all want — more people cycling and fewer

people using cars.

Some people simply don’t find the thought of slogging to get up hills appealing. They

want the fun of being out on a bike without it feeling like an endurance challenge.

The truth is that even fit, experienced cyclists can reach for the car keys when faced

with a long, tough journey that involves plenty of steep hills. So if e-bikes help people

get up hills or bike around to run errands, that can only be a good thing.

They’re also great for keeping cyclists active while they have injuries, or helping

people keep cycling as they get older.

And electric bikes are great for commuters, because you can get there in good time

without breaking a sweat. You can cycle in your work clothes without the fear of

smelling like you’ve just finished an all-day session at Fort William

Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 16

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

Procedure to build a Controlled Keyless E-bike

The figure below shows the procedure on how to build a Controlled Keyless Eibike

Fabrication of main body frame, ensuring all holes for bolts are precise.

Painting the frame to avoid corrosion by powder paint then put inside the
oven to bake the paint.

Installing the parts, rear and front shock, t-post, and handle bar.

Installing the front and rear tires, and seat.

Installing the electrical wires, tail light, head light, flasher and
speedometer, sensor for the remote control and other accessories in
need to ley Ebike
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 17

Installing the electric motor

Initial testing for its performance, speed and its sensor.

Research Design

The researcher will be using qualitative approach of research in a descriptive type of

research method through Likert scale and the use of Random Sampling in order to

avoid research biases. The data will be gathered through the use of survey-gathering

materials in order to provide a clearer representation of problem to the respondents.

The data will include survey questionnaire and other things that can record

documentation in the conduct of this study.

Research Instrument

As an instrument, the researcher will use the survey questionnaire to determine if the

respondents /consumers are satisfied in using the Controlled Keyless E-bike as their

mode of transportation.

Statistical Analysis
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 18

APPENDICES
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Appendix A

JULY 22,2021

ARTHUR IBANEZ PhD,

Instructor, Sen. Engr.
Carig Campus

Dear Sir:

Greetings with peace and humility!

For the fulfillment of our subject in Methods of Research, We the researchers

of Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology major in Automotive
Technology from Cagayan State University, Carig Campus would like to asks
for your genuinely permission to conduct our working research entitled “
Design and Development Controlled Keyless E-bike”. Rest assured that the
data of our respondents will be kept confidentially for the purpose only for our
research.

We are looking forward for a positive response in our humble request to

conduct our study, and we believe that you are with us in our enthusiasm to
finish our working tittle in partial fulfillment of our subject in Methods of
Research. We will appreciate it much if you would want to contact anyone
among us with these cellphone numbers:
09610232881/09657016371
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 20

Your favorable response to this request is highly appreciated.

Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully yours,

RICHARD O. AGACETA RANDOLPH C. BACCAY JHOMAR T. MANUEL

Researcher Researcher Researcher

ARWIN L.TUROTURO ISAGANI S. MACANANG

Researcher Resercher

Noted by:

FLORENCE QUERUBIN
Subject instructor, Methods of Research
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 21

Appendix B

JULY 22, 2021

BRYAN TALOSIG LACAMBRA

Dean, Industrial Technology

This institution

Dear Sir:

Greetings with peace and humility!

May I humbly request in your good office to please allow us your third year
students from Bachelor of Industrial technology major in Automotive
technologies to conduct our working research paper entitled” Development of
Controlled Keyless E-bike” in fulfillment of our subject in Methods of Research
for school year 2020-2021. Rest assured that the data of our respondents will
be kept confidentially for the purpose only for our research. Should you have
any concerns later on with regards to our request. We will appreciate it much
if you would want to contact anyone among us with these cellphone numbers:
09610232881/09657016371.

Your favorable response to this request is highly appreciated.

Thank you and God bless.

Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 22

Respectfully yours,

RICHARD O. AGACETA RANDOLPH C. BACCAY JHOMAR T. MANUEL

Researcher Researcher Researcher

ARWIN L. TUROTURO ISAGANI S. MACANANG

Researcher Resercher

Noted by:

FLORENCE QUERUBIN
Subject instructor, Methods of Research
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 23

Appendix C

Evaluation Instrument

Hi! We are the third year students of Bachelor in Industrial Technology majoring in

Automotive technology from Cagayan State University Carig campus and we are

conducting a research entitled “Development of Controlled E-bike” for the fulfillment

of our subject in Research Paper. Any answers and personal details that is being

written in this survey questionnaire will be kept its confidentiality with respect with

Data Privacy Act of 2012. Thank you for your response.

Name ( optional): Gender:

Age: Occupation:

Direction: Please put a check ( ) mark for the box which relates to your personal
opinion.
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 24

1. Taking private car is more convenient rather than taking an public transportation.

Strongly Agree
A Agree
Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree
Strongly Disagree

2. Taking a keyless E-bike for transportation is one way of saving money.

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

3. E-Bikes are good for exercise.

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

4. E-bikes are environmental friendly.

Strongly Agree
Agree
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 25

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

5. Can this product be a substitute to other transportation.

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree

Strongly Disagree

6. I believe that using keyless E-bike for transportation is hassle.

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

7. I believe that keyless E-bike is better than other transportations.

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
8. I believe that Keyless E-bike is eco-friendly transportation.
Cagayan State University College Of Industrial Technology 26

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
9. Are you satisfied in using the Keyless E-bike

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree

10. I would prefer to use the Controlled Keyless E-bike for transportation.

Strongly Agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree