10

Mathematics
Quarter 2- Week 5:
Illustrating Secants, Tangents,
Segments and Sectors of a Circle

Lesson 1 1
 Lines, Segments and Arcs
5.1 Associated with Circle
Theorems that illustrate Secant and Tangent Segment in a circle

Theorems Discussions Figure/s

1. Secant- - If two secants

Secant segments are R
Segments drawn to a circle I
Theorem from an exterior A
point, then the
product of the E
length of one
secant segment
and its external N
secant segment is
equal to the
product of the Formula: AR IR = NR ER
length of the other and are secant
secant segment segments drawn to the circle
and its external from the exterior point R.
secant segment. From the theorem

Example 1:In the given figure, = 8, = x,

= 6, = 8. Find the value of x?
Since, = +
=6 + 8 R
8
= 14 I 8
And, = + 6 6O 8
= x + 8 A E 8
Formula: AR IR = NR ER-
x
Solutions: By secant-secant segment theorem

. = . Substitute the values

(14)(8) = (x + 8). (8) 48 = 8x N

112 = 8x +64 8 8
112-64 = 8x 6= x
The value of x= =6
Example 2: In the given figure, =7, = 12,
S A
= x, = 13 respectively. What is the
measure of x? x
7
Solutions:
By secant-secant segment theorem
. = .
(7 + 12). (12) = (x +13). (13) Substitute the values R P
(19) (12) = 13x + 169 Distribute property
228 = 13x + 169 Combine similar terms 12 13
M

2
 228-169 = 13x
59 = 13x
Divide both side by 13
13 13
x = 4.54
The value of x=

Theorems Discussions Figure/s

- If a tangent
2. Tangent- segment and a C
O
secant secant are drawn to
segments a circle from an X
Theorem exterior point, then
the square of the N
length of the
tangent segment is Y
equal to the product
of the lengths of the
secant segment and
its external secant
segment. Formula: (CO) 2 = YO. NO
- is a secant
segment drawn to
the circle from
exterior point O.
is a tangent
segment that is also
drawn to the circle
from the same
exterior point O.
-
Example 1: In the given figure ʘ C, = 5, =
6. Find the tangent segment, ?
O
Solutions: C
Y
Since, = +
=5+6 R
= 11
?
And =5
2
M
( ) = . By secant tangent segment theorem

( ) = 2 Substitute the values and multiply 11 by 5

)2=

= - Extracting both side to eliminate radical symbol

symbols
= 7.42
The value of x=

3
Example 2: In the given circle, = 30,
= 15, what the length of the external secant
segment x?
M N x
Solutions: P
= . By secant tangent segment theorem 15
2
(15) = 30 . x Substitute the values Q
225 = 30x Divide both side by 30 to eliminate constant
30 30
7.5 = x
The value of x=

Terms Discussions Figure/s

3. External - An external secant G

Secant is the part of a ,
Segment secant segment A
that is outside a , M
circle. ,
E
,
- In the figure, S
and are secant. ,

- and are
external secant
segments.

Example 1: Name the external secant

segments in the given figure. M
N ,

and are secant. ,

O
, Q T
and are external secant segments , ,
Example 2: Name the external secant
segments in the given figure. M

Example 1: Name the external secant segments R

in the given figure.
L
O
is secant, is tangent. ,

Only is the external secant segment.

B
,

4
 Theorems Discussions Figure/s

4. Two- - When the two

Intersecting A
chords intersect
Chords D
each other inside a
Theorem
circle, the product E
of their segments
are equal.

B
C

Formula:

Example 1: = 6, = 3, = x, = 2.
What is the value of x? F
E
Solutions: x
P
= - by Intersecting Chord Theorem
6 3 = x 2 Substitute the values
18 = 2x Divide both side by 2 G
2 2 H
9 = x
The value of x =9

Example 2: Given: = x-2, =8, = 12,

= 4, respectively. What is the value of x?

Solutions:
: = - By intersecting chord theorem
(x- 2)(8) = 12 . 4 Multiply 8 to (x-2) and multiply 12 and 4
8x- 16 = 48 V
8x = 48 + 16
8x = 64 Divide both side by 8 to eliminate constant 12
8 8 P 8
X = 8

The value of x =8o X-2 M 4

Q

5
ACTIVITY 5.1

A. YOU AND I- Study the following figures/ circle and state the theorem in
finding the segment (x) on each item.

Answer Figures
1.
F
I
I
3
6
S
x 4

D
N
2.

M
A 6
x
G
6 8
I C

3.
F
I
7 9

S
8 x

N D

4.
M
A 8
9
G
x 10
I C

6
5.
M
8
x N
O 12
9 Q
T

6. F
I
5
9
S
6 x

D
N

7.
M
A x
12
G
8 4
I C

8.
F
I
x
9
7 S
4 6
D
N

9.
M
R x
15
Q
12 6
I
C

7
10.

M
x
8 N
O
5 Q 15

8
ASSESSMENT 5.1
SOLVE ME! - Solve the following problems as indicated, write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. In ʘ T, = x-2, , = 12, =4 respectively. V

What is the value of x?
T
P

M
R
Q

2. In the diagram at the right, A and B are points of Tangency on ʘ O.

Find the value of x.
A

2X +5 S

33 S

B
3. Which of the following is considered secant segment in the figure given
below.

C. N
M
L

4. The chords and intersect inside the circle as shown in the figure
below. Find the value of x.
F
E
x 3

P
2
6 G

9
 5. In the given figure, =7, = 12,
= x, = 13 respectively. What is the S A
measure of x?
7 x
Solutions:

R P

12 13

For item numbers 6-7. Refer on the figure below.

C
1. In the figure above, segment AB is called_________.
2. In the same figure, segment AC is called__________.

For item numbers 8-11. Refer on the figure below.

8 R
I
6 O
6 8
A E
x

1. The two segments AR and NR are called______________.

2. The two segment IR and ER are called _______________.
3. What theorem should be used in finding the segment NE?
4. What is the value of segment NE?

10
 For item numbers 12-14. Refer on the figure below.

F I
3
6
S
x 4
D
N

5. The segments FD and NI are called_________.

6. What theorem to be used in finding the segment NS?
7. What is the value of segment NS?

Sector and Segment of a

5.2 Circle

Terms/ Discussions Figures

Concepts
1. Sector of - Sector of a circle is
a circle the region bounded
by an arc of the
circle and the two
radii to the
endpoints of the
arc.

- To find the area of a

sector of a circle,
get the product of
the ratio

and the area of the

circle

11
Example 1: In circle A, the radius is 12 cm. If B
m = 60o, what is the area of the sector
BAC?

A C
12 cm
Solutions:

To find the area of the sector BAC:

a. Determine first the ratio:
=
=

b. Find the area of the circle using the

equation , where r is the length
of radius.

c. Get the product of the ratio

and the area of the
circle.

Area of sector BAC = (

=
= 75.40 cm2

The area of sector BAC is = 75.40

cm2
Terms/ Concepts Discussions Figures

Example 2: In circle R, the radius is 6 cm. If

m = 90o, what is the area of the sector
BAC?

Solutions:
6 cm
To find the area of the sector BAC:
a. Determine first the ratio:
=
=

b. Find the area of the circle using the

equation , where r is the length
of radius.

12
 c. Get the product of the ratio
and the area of the
circle.
Area of sector BAC = (
= or 28.28 cm2
The area of sector BAC is = 28.28 cm2

Example 3: In circle O, the radius is 8 cm. If

m = 150o, what is the area of the sector
BAC?

Solutions:
To find the area of the sector BAC: D
8 cm
a. Determine first the ratio:
R
=
= 150˚
b. Find the area of the circle using the
equation , where r is the length
of radius.

c. Get the product of the ratio

and the area of the
circle.
Area of sector BAC = (

= or 83. 77
cm2
The area of sector BAC is = 83. 77
cm2

2. Segment of - Region of the

a circle circle bounded
by an arc and
the segment
joining
endpoints.

- The shaded
region in the
figure is a
segment of ʘ T.

13
 It is in the region
bounded by
and .

- To find the
shaded segment
in the figure,
subtract the area
of the triangle
PTQ from the
area of sector
PTQ.
Example 1: If = 90 and the radius of the
circle is 5 cm, then the area of sector PTQ is
one-fourth of the whole circle. That is,
Q
Solutions:
a. Find the area of sector PTQ 5 cm
Area of sector PTQ = ( )2
Area of sector PTQ = (
=
b. Find the area of the triangle
- The area of any triangle is A= (base)
(height).
- In the same figure,
The area of PTQ= (5 cm) (5 cm).
- (The base and the height of the triangle is
considered the radius of the circle).

The area of PTQ= (5 cm) (5 cm).

The area of PTQ= (25 cm2)
The area of PTQ=

c. Subtract the Area of the PTQ to

the Area of sector PTQ, that is,

Area of the shaded segment = Area of sector

PTQ -
Area of the
PTQ

Area of the shaded segment = -

= 7.135 cm2

14
Example 2: If = 120o and the radius of the
circle is 5 cm, what is the area of the shaded
segment?

Solutions:
a. Find the area of sector XYZ
To find the area of the sector XYZ:
I. Determine first the ratio:
=
=
II. Find the area of the circle using the X
equation , where r is the
length of radius.

Y
Z 5 cm

III. Get the product of the ratio

and the area of
the circle.
Area of sector XYZ = (
=
The area of sector XYZ is = .

b. Find the area of the triangle

The area of triangle XYZ is A= (base)
(height).
In the same figure,

The area of XYZ= (5 cm) (5 cm).

(The base and the height of the triangle is
considered the radius of the circle).
The area of PTQ= (5 cm) (5 cm).
The area of PTQ= (25 cm2)
- The area of PTQ=
IV. Subtract the Area of the XYZ to
the Area of sector XYZ, that is,

- Area of the shaded segment = Area of sector

PTQ -
Area of the
PTQ
-Area of the shaded segment = -
= 13.68 cm2

15
 3. Arc - The length of an
Length arc which can be
determined by L
using the
proportion
where A O
r
is the degree
measure of this
arc, r is the radius
of the circle, l is
the arc length. A is the degree measure
- In the given equal to 360o the whole
proportion, 3600 is circle, 2 is the
the degree circumference
measure of the
whole circle, while
2 is the
circumference.

Example 1: An arc of a circle measures 45o.

If the radius of the circle is 6 cm, what is the
length of an arc? R

O.
Solutions:
In the given problem, A= 45o and radius (r) =6 D
6 cm
cm. to find L , the equation can be
used. Substitute the given values in the
equation.

substitute the values of A and r

cross multiply the two quantity

8 = 12 divide both side by 8 use

8 8
= 12 (3.1416) Multiply 12 by 3.1416 then divide the result by 8
8

= 4.71

16
Example 2: m = 120o, what is the length
of ?

Solutions:
In the given problem, A= 120o and radius (r) Q
=5 cm. to find L, the equation can be
used. Substitute the given values in the O
equation.
5 cm
V

– substitute the values of A and r

- cross multiple the two quantity
3 = 10 - divide both side by 3
3 3
= 10 (3.1416) Multiply 10 by 3.1416 then divide the result by 3
3
= 10.472

ACTIVITY 5.2

A. FIND MY VALUE- The radius of ʘ O below is 5 units. Find the length

of each of the following arcs given the degree measure. Answer the
questions that follow. Use separate sheet.

1. m = 45, Length of = ________ Q

2. m = 60, Length of = ________ O
3. m = 90, length of = _________ P
4. m = 120, Length of = _______
5. m = 95, length of = _______ V r=5
6. m = 80, length of = _________
7. m = 86, Length of = _______ V R
8. m = 110, Length of = _______
T
9. m = 130, Length of = _______
10. m = 75, Length of = _______ S

17
B. FIND THIS PORTION. Find length arc of the given circle.

Solutions Figure
1. A

9 cm

2.

S 11 cm
O

I
140˚

3. X

Y
8 cm

4. B

W
1000

5 cm
M

18
5.

10 cm

6.

3cm

7.
X

Y
6 cm

8.

5m

19
ASSESSMENT 5.2
FIND MY AREA. Find the area of a sector of each circle given below.

Solutions Figure
1.

10 cm

2.

9 cm

R
3. X

Z Y
6 cm

4.
B

11 cm

20
5.

5 cm

6.

T
12 cm

7.

18 cm

180˚

8.

6 cm

9. B

N
6 cm

21
10.

11 cm

11.

S
12 cm

P
12.

9 cm

13. T

I
14 cm

14.
B

11 cm

22
15.

7 cm B

A
150˚

23
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