11

Science
Quarter 1 – Module ___
Generation of Wastes
(S11ES-Ii-19)

1
Science– Grade 11
1st Sem – Module _: Generation of Wastes

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the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Leah Marie B. Puerto

Rio B. Corral

Editors: Manuel F. Teodoro, Emily Esmabe, Helen Cornelio

Reviewers: Chozara P. Duroy, Manuel F. Teodoro, Emily Esmabe, Helen Cornelio

Illustrator: Niel Paulo B. Puerto

Layout Artist:
Describe How People Generate Different
Types of Wastes (Solid, Liquid, Gaseous)
as They Make Use of Various Materials
and Resources in Everyday Life.
(S11ES-Ii-19)

1
 LESSON
GENERATION OF WASTES
(SOLID, LIQUID AND GASEOUS)

Waste is one of the global issues that we have been facing for
decades. As the world becomes more advanced and as human population grows
rapidly, people also generate wastes more.Wastes come in various types and could
be generated in various means too.

Hello I am Teacher Ley! Are you now

ready to learn a new lesson? Just read the
content of this module well and follow the
instructions in the activities given and you will
surely gain new learning.
In this module, you should be able to…

1. Define waste.
2. Classify wastes.
3. Discuss how people generate solid, liquid, and
gaseous wastes.

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What type of wastewater is generated from people’s day-to-day living which includes
washing, bathing and food preparation?
a. Domestic Waterwaste b. Industrial Waterwaste
c. Commercial Waterwaste d. Solid Waste
2. What type of water waste is generated by processing or manufacturing industries and
service industries?
a. Domestic Water Waste b. Industrial Water Waste
c. Commercial Water Waste d. Solid Waste
3. Which of the following wastes are classified as gaseous waste?
a. Sewage b. Street wastes, dead animals, rubbish
c. Hydrocarbons, aerosols, methane d. Blackwater
4. What is an unwanted or unusable materials or any substance which is of no use, is
discarded after primary use or is worthless called?
a. Garbage b. Waste
c. Sewage d. Trash
5. What classification of waste is shown below?
CFCs, Garbage, Domestic Waste Water
a. Solid Waste, Liquid, Gaseous Waste
b. Liquid, Gaseous Waste, Solid Waste
c. Gaseous Waste, Solid Waste, Liquid Waste
d. Domestic Waste, Industrial Waste, Commercial Waste

Hey there! I’m Teacher Rey. How did you find the test?
It’s okay if you don’t know the answers yet. It was just an
assessment of your prior knowledge. Now let us improve
your learning about our topic on Waste Generation. First,
please feel comfortable to write down your ideas about how
people generate wastes (solid, liquid and gaseous on the
box below.

Just My Thought...
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

-----------_______________________________________________________
 HANAPIN MO’KO!
Direction: Find and encircle the words related to the topic - Generation of Wastes
(Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous). List Down the words that you have encircled on
the space provided below.
C B B N N S S U L L A G E B N T I
R W A E S D F C X Z V B H I J R C
I A A R E S D T G N M K J L O A O
M S S S O L I D R E W Q A I S S M
S T F E T Y H F G T Y I O N T H M
L E G P Y E R P L K K J H D K T E
A W T I Y E F Y U I N M F U I K R
P A R Y U R G E F Y U I T S Y I C
I T D T H T L I Q U I D P T U Y I
C E C F T Y H C O U I O P R U U A
I R V C T U I C T U I U I I U U L
N E B H G T J H G T J O P A K U Q
U R N E S F K U I O O P K L J E R
M S M E R A E R O S O L L T U G E
A T M D E H N G R I C U L T U A W
I O O R G A S E O U S Y H N M W S
D T P E R T Y U I O P T R Y O E A
E A G R I C U L T U R A L U I S T
R A D E R R T U I O O K H L O P Y
T I G D E T B L A C K W A T E R U

Presenting the words that I’ve found! ☺

1. ____________________ 9. ____________________
2. ____________________ 10. ____________________
3. ____________________ 11. ____________________
4. ____________________ 12. ____________________
5. ____________________ 13. ____________________
6. ____________________ 14. ____________________
7. ____________________ 15. ____________________
8. ____________________
 Oh you’re doing great with your
initial activities! This time, I and
Sir Rey will give you a brief info
about waste and its
classifications.

Waste is an unwanted or unusable materials

or any substance which is of no use, is
discarded after primary use or is worthless.

In addition to that, waste is defined by the

United Nations Environment program as
“substance or objects, which are disposed of
or are intended to be disposed of or are
required to be disposed of by the provisions
of national law”.

Yes that is right! Did you know

that there are three classification
of wastes: Solid, Liquid and
Gaseous? Can you tell us the
characteristics of each
classification Sir Rey?

Well, that’s easy! Solid wastes are wastes in solid or

semi-solid forms. Examples include scrap metals, latex
paints, plastics and styrofoams. Liquid wastes are
wastes in liquid form like oils, domestic washings,
chemicals, and hazardous household liquids. Lastly,
Gaseous wastes are wastes in the gas form such as
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide.
 LEARNING ACTIVITY 1: KIDS CAN TELL!

Direction: Tell wether each of the following is a Solid Waste, a Liquid Waste, or a Gaseous
Waste. Provide a brief explanation for your answer. Write your answers on the box below
each picture.

Image 1
https://www.google.com/search?q=SOLID+WASTES&sxsrf=ALeK
Image 2
k03FKRjXXh14OgxnNfvzcfB_iuq63g:1594210556765&source=ln https://www.google.com/search?q=oil+spill&tbm=isch&ved=2a
ms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTnLuP0b3qAhXNMN4KHfx6 hUKEwiH8vrt573qAhWAx4sBHfscCaMQ2-
B2MQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=661 cCegQIABAA&oq=oil+spill&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1D1gjlY1485
YI-
SOWgAcAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAaoBC2d
3cy13aXotaW1n&sclient=img&ei=1NAFX4e4H
4CPr7wP-
7mkmAohttps://www.google.com/search?q=
oil+spill&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiH8vrt573q
AhWAx4sBHfscCaMQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=oil+spill&gs_lcp=CgNpbWc
QA1D1gjlY1485YI-
SOWgAcAB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAaoBC2d
3cy13aXotaW1n&sclient=img&ei=1NAFX4e4H
4CPr7wP-7mkmAo

Image 3
https://www.google.com/search?q=GASEUS+WASTE&tb Image 4
m=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjAr46h-
cLqAhXIApQKHWjaDHUQ2- https://www.google.com/search?q=GASEUS+WASTE&tb
cCegQIABAA&oq=GASEUS+WASTE&gs_lcp=CgNpbWc m=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjAr46h-
QAzoECCMQJzoECAAQQzoCCAA6BQgAELEDOggIABC cLqAhXIApQKHWjaDHUQ2-
xAxCDAToECAAQHjoGCAAQBRAeUJ_aA1iC6gNgg- cCegQIABAA&oq=GASEUS+WASTE&gs_lcp=CgNpbWc
0DaABwAHgAgAH9A4gB1BaSAQswLjUuMy4xLjEuMZgB QAzoECCMQJzoECAAQQzoCCAA6BQgAELEDOggIABC
AKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n&sclient=img&ei=KYIIX4D xAxCDAToECAAQHjoGCAAQBRAeUJ_aA1iC6gNgg-
3NciF0ATotLOoBw#imgrc=zSEKOSZHq_ZLqM 0DaABwAHgAgAH9A4gB1BaSAQswLjUuMy4xLjEuMZgB
AKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n&sclient=img&ei=KYIIX4D
Image 3 3NciF0ATotLOoBw#imgrc=zSEKOSZHq_ZLqM
https://www.google.com/search?q=LIQUID+WASTES&tbm
=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiSwZyU0b3qAhWNuJQKHdgpC2kQ A6BQgAELEDOggIABCxAxCDAToECAAQHjo
 Image 5 Image 6
https://www.google.com/search?q=discarded+paint&tbm=i
https://www.google.com/search?q=SMOKE+FROM+VEHI sch&ved=2ahUKEwiX1bS-7L3qAhULZ5QKHeghDXgQ2-
CLES&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi9k4vz- cCegQIABAA&oq=discarded+paint&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAz
MLqAhUE15QKHVf6AQgQ2- IECAAQEzIECAAQEzIECAAQEzIICAAQBxAeEBMyCAgA
cCegQIABAA&oq=SMOKE+FROM+VEHICLES&gs_lcp=C EAcQHhATMggIABAHEB4QEzIICAAQBxAeEBMyCAgAE
gNpbWcQAzICCAAyBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAg AcQHhATMggIABAHEB4QEzIICAAQBxAeEBNQr1RYrF9
AEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAE gyWJoAHAAeACAAZcGiAHpB5IBBzItMS42LTGYAQCgA
B5Q1- QGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=rtUFX5fGO4v
sEWLaPBWDJkQVoAXAAeACAAe0CiAG4FZIBBzAuOC4 O0QTow7TABw
zLjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=y
YEIX_2KFoSu0wTX9IdA#imgrc=72SZ9xqbVmA7aM

EAcQHhATMggIABAHEB4QEzIICAAQBxAeEBMyCAgAE
AcQHhATMggIABAHEB4QEzIICAAQBxAeEBNQr1RYrF9
gyWJoAHAAeACAAZcGiAHpB5IBBzItMS42LTGYAQCgA
QGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=rtUFX5fGO4v
O0QTow7TABw

Hmm seems like you’ve got an increased momentum to do your tasks today! Let us
have another set of activities.☺
LEARNING ACTIVITY 2: YOU COMPLETE ME!
Direction: Complete the diagram with the appropriate word/s from the table below.

An unwanted or unusable
materials or any substance
which is of no use, is
discarded after primary use or
is worthless

Liquid
Waste

Solid Waste Residential Waste Institutional Hydrocarbons

Water Commercial Waste
Municipal Solid Liquid Waste Commercial Waste Chlorofluorocarbon
Waste Water
Agricultural Waste Industrial Waste Industrial Waste Water Carbon Monoxide
Black Water Gaseous Waste Methane Waste
LEARNING ACTIVITY 3: LET YOUR VOICE BE HEARD!
Direction: Write the type of wastewater shown in the following pictures. Say something about
the type of wastewater on the circle next to every picture.

_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_____

Image 7

https://www.google.com/search?q=domestic+wastewat
er&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwij8sW6hffqAhVEEqYKHe4
xAUoQ2-cCegQIABAA

D_ _E_ _ IC WASTE

_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_____

Image 8

https://www.google.com/search?q=malls+with+waters+il
lustrations&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj2uLX088LqAhWG
HaYKHet7B0YQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=malls+with+waters+illustrations&g
s_lcp=CgNpbWcQA1DbrgdY8cQHYLTKB2gAc
AB4AIABAIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aX
_ND_S_R_ _ L WASTE
otaW1n&sclient=img&ei=jXwIX7a-
O4a7mAXr952wBA

pbWcQA1DK4ARY2OQEYM7oBGgAcAB4AIAB
AIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n
wAEB&sclient=img&ei=B9IjX5zxE_qNr7wPnt
mToAQ&bih=661&biw=1366
 _______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_____

Image 9

https://www.google.com/search?q=SMOKE+POLLUTA
NTS&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj-
_cPA9MLqAhUkHKYKHWPJB_4Q2-cCegQIABAA

cCegQIABAA&oq=commercial+wastewater&gs_lcp
CO_MM_R_I _ L WASTE
=CgNpbWcQA1C9_gJY7IIDYNWGA2gAcAB4AI
ABAIgBAJIBAJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW
1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=ENIjX7bgEOXpmAX
ouYOACw
LEARNING ACTIVITY 4: FOCUS ON ME!
Direction: Analyze each picture and answer the guide questions.

Image 10
https://www.google.com/search?q=SMOKE+FROM+VEHICLES&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi
9k4vz-MLqAhUE15QKHVf6AQgQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=SMOKE+FROM+VEHICLES&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyBAgAEB4y
BAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB5Q1
-
sEWLaPBWDJkQVoAXAAeACAAe0CiAG4FZIBBzAuOC4zLjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6
LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=yYEIX_2KFoSu0wTX9IdA#imgrc=72SZ9xqbVmA7aM

Guide Questions:
Q1. What do you see on the pictures?
__________________________________________________
Q2. In what form (solid, liquid, gaseous) do the wastes generated in the pictures exist?
_________________________________________________
Q3. What type of waste is shown in the pictures?
__________________________________________________
Q4. Give atleast three examples of wastes in gaseous form.
__________________________________________________
 People generate different types of
wastes as they make use of various
materials and resources in everyday
life. Let us get familiar with the
characteristics and generation of each
type of waste.

Solid Waste

Municipal Solid Institutional/Comme

Industrial Waste Agricultural Waste
Waste rcial Waste

Commonly referred Solid wastes

Organic and
to as garbage or Wastes generated originating from
inorganic wastes
trash which are during inductrial administrative,
generated in
generated from day activities educational, and
farming activities
to day activities public buildings

Examples include Wastes generated

street wastes, dead during
animals, market manufacturing and Wastes generated Spoiled food grains,
wastes, rubbish, processing in paint in schools, prisons, vegetables,
packaging industries, chemical hospitals and pesticides,
materials, plants, cement commercial fertilizers,
construction & factories, establishments litters,cattle waste,
demolition debris, metallurgical plants, weed, husk etc.
household garbage powerplants, food
etc processing etc.
 Liquid Waste

Liquid waste is any waste in liquid form. The composition of liquid waste, which is
also known as wastewater, depends principally on its source. There are three types of liquid
waste sources: residential, commercial and industrial areas.

Residential Wastewater

Also referred to as domestic wastewaters. The wastewaters come from people’s day-
to-day living. It includes those from food preparation, washing, bathing and toilet usage.
The type and quantity of liquid waste that is generated in a residential area depends
on several factors like population size, standard of living, rate of water consumption, habits of
the people and the climate. It also depends on the number and type of institutions in the area.

 What is the difference between black water, gray water, sullage and sewage?

Black water and gray water are produced from domestic dwellings with access to a
piped water supply and also from business premises and the various institutions, such as
schools and health centres, found in residential areas. Black water has come into
contact with fecal matter. Gray water, on the other hand, has not come into contact with
solid human waste.

Sullage is domestic wastewater other than that which comes from the toilet. It results
from food preparation, personal washing, and washing of cooking and eating
utensils and clothes.

Sewage includes human wastes (i.e. faeces and urine), as well as wastewater from
various sources.

Commercial Wastewater

The wastewaters from commercial areas which comprises business establishments,

shops, open market places, restaurants and cafes

Industrial Wastewater

This type of waste is generated by processing or manufacturing industries and service

industries like repair shops. The composition of the generated wastes depends on the type of
industry. In addition, the quantity of the generated wastewaters from industries also vary with
the season such as in the processing of certain crops. The wastewaters from facilities that
make food products will not be harmful to humans, on the other hand, those from other
industries may contain a variety of chemical compounds, some of which may be hazardous to
humans and the environment. It is therefore necessary that industrial wastewaters which
contain hazardous substances must be treated, and the substances removed before the
wastewater is discharged to the environment.

Gaseous Waste

Gaseous wastes are wastes in gas form. These include oxides of carbon, sulphur
dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, aerosols, carbon monoxide, methane, Greenhouse
gases like chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) etc. The increasing number of factories, industrial areas
and the number of vehicles causes a large amount of gaseous wastes coming to the
atmosphere.

Hey! After your learning so far, can you now

identify the sources of wastes in your locality?
Can you identify the types of wastes they
generate and how these wastes are generated?
Surely you can! Let’s have another activity!
Ready??☺
 NOW YOU KNOW!

Direction:
Identify three sources of wastes (solid, liquid, and gaseous) in your locality. Identify
the wastes they generate and discuss briefly how these wastes are generated.

Type of Waste
Sources in the Wastes Generated Waste Generation
Locality


Solid Wastes 





Liquid Wastes 





Gaseous Wastes 

Hello! We’re so glad you made it!
Congratulations for a job well done in
doing your tasks. At this point, you may
share your insights by completing the
sentence prompts below.

I have learned that…

The questions I still have in mind are…

 SUM IT UP!
To organize and strengthen your learning in this module, do the
task below.
Direction: Summarize your learning about Generation of Wastes in a
graphic organizer of your choice. You may use the templates below or
you may design your own graphic organizer.
SUM IT UP
GASEOUS: A state of matter that is composed of loosely held particles. It has neither
a defined shape nor a defined volume

LIQUID: A state of matter that is made of more loosely packed particles

SOLID: A substance that retains shape and resists changes in it

A state of matter that is composed of tightly packed particles
A state of matter with particles that are not free to move around

WASTE: An unwanted or unusable materials or any substance which is of no use, is

discarded after primary use or is worthless

WASTEWATER: Water that has been used

The polluted form of water generated from rainwater runoff and human
activities
Direction: Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following is an example of domestic waste water?
a. Exhaust gases from power plants
b. Discarded water after washing the laundry
c. Dead animals
d. Rubbish
2. What type of waste water is generated by processing or manufacturing industries and
service industries?
a. Domestic Wastewater b. Industrial Wastewater
c. Commercial Wastewater d. Solid Waste
3. Which of the following wastes are classified as gaseous waste?
a. sullage b. street wastes, dead animals, rubbish
c. CFCs, aerosols, carbon monoxide d. trashes
4. What is an unwanted or unusable materials or any substance which is of no use, is
discarded after primary use or is worthless called?
a. garbage b. waste
c. sewage d. trash
5. What classification of waste is shown below?
Aerosols, Discarded Oil, Dried Latex Paint
a. Solid Waste, Liquid, Gaseous Waste
b. Liquid, Gaseous Waste, Solid Waste
c. Gaseous Waste, Liquid Waste, Solid Waste,
d. Domestic Waste, Industrial Waste, Commercial Waste
6. Which of the following generates gaseous wastes?
a. Washing of clothes and dishes
b. Dumping of discarded metal sheets
c. Burning of rubber
d. Discarding damaged machineries
7. Which of the following is categorized as a solid waste when discarded?
a. Oil
b. Latex paint
c. Sewage
d. Rubbish
8. What type of solid waste are the following: rotten vegetables, pesticides, fertilizers, litters,
and cattle wastes?
a. Agricultural Waste
b. Industrial Waste
c. Municipal Waste
d. Institutional Waste
9. Black water and gray water are produced from domestic dwellings and business
premises and institutions with access to a piped water supply. In what way is black water
different from gray water?
a. Black water has come in contact with faecal matter while gray water has not.
b. Gray water has come in contact with faecal matter while black water has not.
c. Black water includes human wastes as well as wastewater from various sources
while gray water only includes domestic waste waters.

d. Black water and gray water are just the same. They are both waste waters.

10. What is the classification of wastes that exist in gaseous form?

a. Solid Waste
a. Residential Waste Waters
a. Gaseous Waste
a. Agricultural Waste
 ANSWER KEY

PRETEST ACTIVITY A
KIDS CAN TELL!
1. A
Solid Waste Liquid Waste
2. B
3. C Liquid Waste Gaseous Waste

4. B Gaseous Waste Solid Waste

5. C

Let’s Try This!

HANAPIN MO’KO!
 ACTIVITY B ACTIVITY D
YOU COMPLETE ME!
FOCUS ON ME!
Q1. ANSWERS MAY VARY
(SMOKE, AIR POLLUTION, AND
EXHAUSTED GASES ETC.)
Q2. GASEOUS
Q3. GASEOUS WASTE
Q4. ANSWERS MAY VARY
(METHANE, AEROSOL, CFCS,
ETC)

~NOW YOU KNOW

~SUM IT UP
*Answers may vary

POST TEST
1. B
2. B
3. C
ACTIVITY C
4. B
LET YOUR VOICE BE HEARD
5. C
6. C
DOMESTIC WASTE ANSWERS MAY VARY 7. B

INDUSTRIAL WASTE ANSWERS MAY VARY 8. A

9. A
COMMERCIAL WASTE ANSWERS MAY VARY
10. A
 REFERENCES
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=80454&printable=1

https://www.who.int/docstore/water_sanitation_health/onsitesan/ch10.htm
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=206&printable=1
https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/gray-water-
reclamation1.htm
https://www.google.com/search?q=SMOKE+FROM+VEHICLES&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwi
9k4vz-MLqAhUE15QKHVf6AQgQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=SMOKE+FROM+VEHICLES&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyBAgAEB4yB
AgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB4yBAgAEB5Q1-
sEWLaPBWDJkQVoAXAAeACAAe0CiAG4FZIBBzAuOC4zLjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6L
WltZw&sclient=img&ei=yYEIX_2KFoSu0wTX9IdA#imgrc=72SZ9xqbVmA7aM