Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship

Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600

Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

S.Y. 2021-2022 Second Trimester Grade Level/Section:

MODULE 5 – CESC Subject Teacher:

Partnership Building and Establishing Links, Leadership and

Needs Assessment and Community Profiling
I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Define, compare, and contrast concepts of establishing links and partnership building;
 Identify different types and approaches of partnership building;
 Define needs assessment and community profiling;
 Identify the basic similarities and differences of community profiling and needs assessment;
 Discuss the necessary requirements for community profiling;
 Apply systematic social research methods in conducting a community study;
 Realize the importance of partnership building and establishing links with local groups/ external support
groups in the community/barangay governance and engagement;
 Analyze the relationship of different local groups in terms of partnership and establishing links;
 Explain the steps and procedures for partnership; and
 Discuss the ethics of having partnerships with local groups with local communities and external support
groups; and the ethics and values of community profiling
 Make guidelines (personal and group) for actual possible partnerships and links;
 Think of possible solutions and recommendations in building partnerships for local groups and external
support groups;

II. DISCUSSION
Partnership
Partnership – is the state or condition of being with a partner, or being in participation association and joint interest.
- is the augmentation of relations between individuals or groups or partner that pool financial capacities
and other resources.
- it is essentially the building of a relationship between government, business, and civil society which
agree to mobilize their respective resources and competencies guided by the “principles of shared risk,
cost and mutual benefit” (ODI, 1999).
Types of Partnership
1. Public-private partnership (government and private/business groups)
2. Government organizations with NGOs
3. NGOs with NGOs
4. Government organizations with POs
5. NGO with POs
6. POs with POs
7. Academic Institutions establish partnership with communities and sectors through community extension and
services programs
8. Partnerships are also established among community organizations, groups and support groups. The following are
examples of such partnership:
a. Association – organizations of individuals, peoples, and sectors with common goals who joined together
and establish formal structures.
b. Alliances – acts of coming-up of common actions and initiatives of different organizations. These could
be strategic or tactical.
c. Federations – these are organizations convened and organized by different independent and smaller
organizations for the purpose of unification and mobilization for specific substantial social issues and
concerns.
*Multistakeholder Partnership – refers to the alliance between parties drawn from government, business, and civil
society that strategically aggregate resources and competencies of each other to resolve the key challenges of a specific
locality as an enabler of sustainable development.

This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or transmission in any form,
medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
 Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

S.Y. 2021-2022 Second Trimester Grade Level/Section:

MODULE 5 – CESC Subject Teacher:

Participatory Local Governance (Local Government Code & Primer)

Governance – is the action and process of governing by maximizing the powers of the state by establishing,
strengthening, and sustaining direction, policy-making, and program development.
Local Governance – is essentially putting the essence and practice of governance in the context of the community.
Devolution – is a political decentralization of power where the authority from the central or national government is
transferred to the different political territories of the country, including the provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays.
*LGUs are concrete venues for partnership building process and as a means for the development of communities.
Deconcentration – is the administrative mode of transferring power, authority or responsibilities.
Barangay as a Concrete Setting for Local Governance
The family is the basic social unit of the society whereas the barangay is the basic social unit of the community. It serves
as a widespread overview of the governance in the society. Thus, the Barangay as an LGU must be understood and
recognized as a main venue for governance and partnership building with local groups.
Local Government Code of 1991
1. A barangay has the power to engage in economic activities such as the following:
o To own, acquire and entrust properties;
o To enter into a n agreement or contract;
o To exercise powers granted to corporations;
o To run and manage its own business ventures.
2. A barangay can be tapped with other methods/forms of people’s participation and partnership:
o System of recall – uphold the rights of registered voters to facilitate a process of recall against any
elective local officials whose performance has not satisfied the constituents due to incapability or
negligence.
o Power or initiative and referendum – this process allows registered votes to directly propose, enact,
repeal, or amend any ordinance through a legal process.
o Mandatory consultation and public hearing – prescribes that any agency is mandated to consult the
concerned LGUs.
o Coalition building and advocacy work
o Implementation of basic services and infrastructures
o Economic self-reliance and strengthening
o Agricultural development and ecological nurturance
o Democratic participation in governance.

Establishing Links
Before implementing community action initiatives, it is necessary to build connections. Establishing links is a process of
identifying and locating different actors and players within a community who share a common purpose, interests, and
goals. Later on with needs assessment and community profiling include the assessment of their knowledge, perspectives,
resources, and influences that may be consequential in accomplishing desires and community needs. Specific needs and
goals which these actors and groups intend to pursue are identified and framed. Through this process(es), collaboration
and cooperation between key actors and community members is enhanced and built.
In building partnerships and establishing links, it is necessary to do the following steps:

 Describe the organizations and individuals who are actively engaged in resolving the different problems and
issues in the community.
 Identify the organizations and individuals who need to be involved in accomplishing anticipated goals and recruit
them.

This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or transmission in any form,
medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
 Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

S.Y. 2021-2022 Second Trimester Grade Level/Section:

MODULE 5 – CESC Subject Teacher:

 Assemble the members of the partnership and linkage by identifying those who need to be involved as well as
recruit emergent/newly identified leaders who you think is crucial to the community action plan.
 Alongside with the anticipated goals, outline and synthesize the partnership’s objectives, goals and tasks. Discuss
tasks each member or group is expected to play/perform.
 As a group, state the goals, objectives, needs and resources.
 Describe potential barriers, constraints, and challenges which might be faced and the means to overcome these
hurdles.
 Identify the various resources (e.g. human, financial, hardware, equipment, etc.) that are required to support the
group.
 Describe how each sub-group will function and how collaboration will be maintained, including communication
and coordination (collaboration and cooperation) of individuals and sub-group members.
 Anticipate the steps involved in planning, addressing contingencies, and sustain the set community action.
Leadership
Leadership – it is the process of a person in influencing and directing group members for a task-related activity to
achieve a particular aim. This involves motivation, direction, supervision, guidance and evaluation of group members for
the purpose of accomplishing the task.
Leadership Development – is the defined as the growth and development of one’s abilities and capabilities to become
effective leaders. It is also a process which cultivates an individual to become an effective leader by giving him or her an
opportunity to learn, grow, and change.
Styles of Leadership:
1. Autocratic Leadership – the leader pre-plans thoroughly, makes the decision by himself and announces this to
the group. He believes that by doing this, he will be very sure that the goal he desires will be achieved. He will
manipulate the situation to make this possible.
2. Laissez- Faire / Free-Rain – the leader gives complete freedom to its members to make decisions and plans for
the activity, the sequencing of the activities, the people who will do it and so on. He has no participation except
when he is consulted. There is a withdrawal and much delegation of functions is given to members.
3. Democratic Leadership – the leader accepts as basic that leadership is a function of the whole group and not one
individual. Leadership functions are shared with many members of the group according to their abilities and
special gifts. In other words, leadership is group-centered rather than the leader or member centered.
4. Charismatic Leadership – the leader gathers followers through personality and charm rather than any form of
external power or authority. A charismatic leader shows great confidence in his or her followers and effectively
uses body and verbal language.
5. Bureaucratic Leadership – the leadership is based on fixed official duties under a hierarchy of authority in
which rules of management and decision making are applied. Bureaucratic leadership is patterned after the typical
style of management where there is an organizational structure and specific positions, duties, and decision making
usually come from the higher leve
6. Situational Leadership Theory- this tells that there is no one best leadership style for all types of groups and
situations. There is an appropriate type of leadership style for each type of situation, group or individual.
Function of a Leader
1. Motivation - keeps the group action moving, getting it started and going by defining the problem and starting the
discussion action proposing tasks, suggesting solutions, etc.
2. Direction - regulating the tempo of the groups of work, are they in the right direction (working as planned) or are
they moving so slow or much ahead of schedule? We can regulate / facilitate action by setting standards,
facilitating group action, resetting the goals & objectives, pointing out the time limit, helping the group to relate
the immediate to the ongoing.
3. Supervision - giving information, facts or opinions that would help the group in their work;
4. Guidance - dealing emotional climate which holds the group together. Making it easy for members to contribute
to work. Harmonizing conflicting ideas/ behavior releasing tension within individual members and among the
group.

This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or transmission in any form,
medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
 Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

S.Y. 2021-2022 Second Trimester Grade Level/Section:

MODULE 5 – CESC Subject Teacher:

5. Evaluation- helping the group to assess its decisions/ goals or procedures guiding group to assess successes and
failures and the factors causing these.
Community Profiling and Needs Assessment
Profiling – is a process of creating a series of information that is applied to something or someone through techniques of
data elaboration (Ferraris, 2013).
Community Profiling – is a method used to establish a better understanding and description of the community in a
specific geographical location and its community member’s context and reality (DENR, 2013).
- is a comprehensive description of the needs of a population that is defined, or define itself, as a
community, and the resources that exist within that community, carried out with the active
involvement of the community itself, for the developing an action plan of improving the quality
of life of the community.
Needs Assessment – is a continuous process which the needs, available resources, different group working with and for
the community, and the dynamic participation of community members are identified (Samuels, 1995).
Two variables
1. Needs – is something that is lacking – either a resource, tool or a program that puts the community at risk or
disadvantage.
2. Resources – is a type of support, service or program made available in the community.
Community Profiling is best used to determine the community’s socio-demographic profile, environmental conditions,
community structures, local institutions, economic activities, livelihood, and basic household profile.
Needs and Resource Assessment tackles the community’s weak points, flaws, need for programs and services, and
understanding the problem of the community.
9 Resources to be considered in Community Profiling
1. History – investigate how a community develop and how it came to be as it is at present.
2. People of the community –characteristics such as population size, age, gender, occupation, mobility, leisure,
hobbies, educational attainment must be investigated.
3. Presence of different agencies, support groups and institutions – Identify groups (NGOs, POs, LGUs) that
administer and facilitate programs in the area.
4. Health, welfare and development programs – These programs are important to assess the needs and resources
and evaluate its effects and impacts of the program to the community.
5. Work and economy – factors such as work, work patter, and availability of the people will be identified.
6. Housing needs and resources assessment – Micro assessment of the needs that still needs improvements.
7. Leisure – identify how people spend their time, facilities exist, and how these facilities are maximized by the
community members.
8. Religion – identify how religion contributes to the life and culture of the community members.
9. Aspects related to the people with special needs.
Types of Community Profiling
1. Rapid Appraisal – deals with how the researcher extract data by means of observation and by conducting a
discussion with key-informants form the community. This method is deemed as budget-friendly and can save
time.
2. Priority Searching – the primary means of data collection is a focus group discussion (FGD).
3. Compass – this method uses a 400-item (or more) questionnaire.
Participatory Resource Appraisal or Participatory Learning Activity
Participatory Resource Appraisal (PRA) or Participatory Learning Activity (PLA) is a type of community profiling that is
not only applied in rural areas but also in urban, sub-urban, sectoral and multi-sectoral groups. As the name suggests, PRA
or PLA is participatory, it facilitates empowerment and sustainability. People will serve as the main actors of this type of
community profiling.
This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or transmission in any form,
medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
 Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

S.Y. 2021-2022 Second Trimester Grade Level/Section:

MODULE 5 – CESC Subject Teacher:

Steps in Doing PRA/PLA

1. Preparation
a. Setting the objectives.
b. Setting the date and time.
c. Formation and training or PRA teams.
d. Preparation of data gathering tools (aide memoire, interview guide, checklist, survey, questionnaire, etc.)
e. Preparation of secondary data.
f. Ground working for the participants.
g. Finalization of scheduled.
h. Preparation of materials and logistics.
i. Establishing protocols for LGUs and community organizations concerned.
2. Community Orientation
3. Data gathering
4. Data analysis and interpretation
5. Problem prioritization
6. Cross-sector data validation
7. Setting up of indicators for development
8. Strategy formulation
9. Goals and objective setting
10. Three to five-year development planning
11. Plan presentation
12. Approval and adoption of the plan
13. Monitoring and evaluation
III. ACTIVITY (WRITTEN WORK 1 – 30 POINTS)

Instructions: Last Midterm, you started creating your Organization and Advocacy with their objectives. Maintaining the
groupings you had last Midterm, search for one (1) Philippine-based organization and one (1) international organization
that can be considered as possible partners for your Advocacy group. Then, complete the table below.

Organization and Advocacy:

(2 points)
Main objective: (2 points)
PHILIPPINE- BASED ORGANIZATION
Name of the Organization Brief Description of the Organization How can this organization be a partner to
(2 points) and Organization website. (5 points) advance your advocacy? (6 points)

INTERNATIONAL- BASED ORGANIZATION

Name of the Organization Brief Description of the Organization How can this organization be a partner to
(2 points) and Organization website. (5 points) advance your advocacy? (6 points)

Rubric for Brief Description and Organization Website

Brief Description (points out sailed information about the organization) (3)(1)
Organization Website (the website is working and is the website of the stated organization) (2)(1)

Rubric for the third column

Content (sound explanation, there is a connection between the selected organization and the advocacy) (4)(2)
Technicalities (the reason for the selection is logically presented) (2)(1)

IV. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

The Importance of Youth Leadership
https://novusclub.org/importance-of-youth-leadership/
What is the purpose of the community profile?
https://moodle.digital-campus.org/mod/page/view.php?id=20427

This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or transmission in any form,
medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.
 Community Engagement, Solidarity and Citizenship
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Name:
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph

S.Y. 2021-2022 Second Trimester Grade Level/Section:

MODULE 5 – CESC Subject Teacher:

V. REFERENCES
Abenir, M. (2017) Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship. Makati City: Diwa Learning System Inc.
Taguibao, J. (2017) Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.

This module is an intellectual property of the University of the Cordilleras Senior High School. Unauthorized reproduction, modification, distribution, display or transmission in any form,
medium and manner of any of the contents of the modules (digital or printed) for whatever purpose is strictly prohibited.