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By Engineerprof Ph/Engr. Raymart Bonete: Image Reference: Thermodynamics: An Eng'G Approach 8 Edition by Cengel An Boles

The Rankine cycle consists of four processes: 1) isentropic expansion in a turbine, 2) heat rejection at constant pressure in a condenser, 3) isentropic compression in a pump, and 4) heat addition at constant pressure in a boiler. Steam enters the turbine at a high pressure and temperature and exits at a lower pressure and temperature, producing work. It then condenses into a liquid and enters the pump, gaining pressure. The high-pressure liquid is then heated and vaporized in the boiler, completing the cycle. The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is calculated by comparing the net work output to the heat input.

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22 views

By Engineerprof Ph/Engr. Raymart Bonete: Image Reference: Thermodynamics: An Eng'G Approach 8 Edition by Cengel An Boles

The Rankine cycle consists of four processes: 1) isentropic expansion in a turbine, 2) heat rejection at constant pressure in a condenser, 3) isentropic compression in a pump, and 4) heat addition at constant pressure in a boiler. Steam enters the turbine at a high pressure and temperature and exits at a lower pressure and temperature, producing work. It then condenses into a liquid and enters the pump, gaining pressure. The high-pressure liquid is then heated and vaporized in the boiler, completing the cycle. The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is calculated by comparing the net work output to the heat input.

Uploaded by

Nurlaila Dalidig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RANKINE CYCLE

By EngineerProf PH/Engr. Raymart Bonete

Rankine Cycle is the ideal cycle for steam power Note: s = specific entropy, h = specific enthalpy, v=
plants. specific volume, P=pressure, T = temperature
Subscript f = saturated liquid property,
The ideal Rankine cycle is made up of four internally
Subscript g = saturated vapor property
reversible processes:
1-2 Isentropic expansion in a turbine Process 1 – 2 Isentropic Expansion in Turbine
2-3 Constant pressure heat rejection in a condenser 𝑠1 = 𝑠2
3 -4 Isentropic compression in a pump By energy balance in the Turbine, the Turbine Work is
4-1 Constant pressure heat addition in a boiler 𝑊𝑡 = ℎ1 − ℎ2
where ℎ1 is the enthalpy at state 1, (this property
depends on 𝑃1 and 𝑇1 ) and is usually superheated.
If only one property is given(P or T), consider that
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔@𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒 1
Note: Consider changes in potential and kinetic energy
if given
ℎ2 = ℎ𝑓2 + 𝑥ℎ𝑓𝑔2 where 𝑥 =vapor content and
ℎ𝑓𝑔 = ℎ𝑔 − ℎ𝑓 (latent heat of vaporization).
Quality x can be found in the relationship:
𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 𝑠𝑓2 + 𝑥𝑠𝑓𝑔2 ; 𝑠𝑓𝑔 = 𝑠𝑔 − 𝑠𝑓

Note: Properties at state 2 depends on the condenser


pressure; 𝑃2

The superheated vapor at state 1 enters the turbine, Process 2– 3 Constant Pressure Heat Rejection in
where it expands isentropically and produces work by Condenser
rotating the shaft connected to an electric generator. 𝑃2 = 𝑃3
The pressure and the temperature of steam drop Heat Rejected: 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 = ℎ2 − ℎ3
during this process to the values at state 2, where Where ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓@𝑃2 𝑜𝑟 𝑃3 (See TS diagram)
steam enters the condenser.
Process 3 -4 Isentropic compression in a Pump
Steam leaves the condenser as saturated liquid and
enters the pump at state 3. Pump Work; 𝑊𝑝 = ℎ4 − ℎ3
Where ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓@𝑃2 𝑜𝑟 𝑃3 (See TS diagram)
Water enters the boiler as a compressed liquid at state Pump Work can also be expressed as;
4 and leaves as a superheated vapor at state 1.
𝑊𝑝 = 𝑣𝑓3 (𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )
The T-S Diagram of an ideal Rankine Cycle Equating these two relationships for Pump work, we can
get ℎ4 .

Process 4 -1 Constant Pressure Heat Addition in Boiler


𝑃4 = 𝑃1 ; 𝑄𝑖𝑛 = ℎ1 − ℎ4

By Energy Balance in the System,


𝐸𝑖𝑛 = 𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑄𝑖𝑛 + 𝑊𝑝 = 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑊𝑡
Therefore; 𝑄𝑖𝑛 − 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑊𝑡 − 𝑊𝑝 =Work Net
Thermal Efficiency
Image Reference: Thermodynamics: An Eng’g Approach 8th Edition by Cengel an Boles
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑄𝑖𝑛 − 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑊𝑡 − 𝑊𝑝
𝜂𝑡ℎ = = =1− =
𝑄𝑖𝑛 𝑄𝑖𝑛 𝑄𝑖𝑛 𝑄𝑖𝑛

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