IC Engine Basic Construction & Engine Parts

Two
stroke
engine
Four
stroke
engine
stationary parts
Bedplate
Moving parts
Other parts
Main bearing piston
Fuel injection
Frame & Chocks Connecting rod pump
Cylinder block Cross head – Cam shaft

pin,guide shoe
Cylinder liner Valve actuating
Conn rod bolts gear
Cylinder head
Crankshaft Governor
Valves or ports
Flywheel Turbocharger
Holding down
bolts
Starting/reversing
gear
Auxiliaries - are the piping system
Safety devices
Structural part of diesel engine
Basic construction
Engine structure – includes all stationary parts that hold
the engine together. Basic function is to support and
keep aligned all moving parts. Additionally, supports
auxiliaries to run the engine, provides jackets and a
sump for lubricating oils.
Four stroke engine
piston, liner.
cylinder head houses fuel injector,inlet/exhaust valves
and other mountings.
connecting rod top joins to piston by gudgeon pin.
connecting rod bottom joins to crankpin, which forms
part of crankshaft.
crankshaft arranged to drive through
gears the camshaft.
camshaft directly or through push-
rods operates rocker-arms
rocker-arm open inlet and exhaust
valves.
crankcase surrounds the crankshaft
Engine frame supports cylinders and
houses the crankshaft bearing.
Two stroke engine
piston solidly connected to piston rod. Piston rod
attached to crosshead bearing at other end.
connecting rod top end also joined to crosshead
bearing.
cylinder liner contains port for air inlet
cylinder head houses exhaust valve and other
mountings.
crankshaft supported within engine bedplate by main
bearings
A – frame mounted on the bed plate and houses guides
in which the crosshead travels up and down.
entablature – mounted above the frame and made up of
cylinders, cylinder head and scavenge manifold.
Description of various Engine parts 1
1. BEDPLATE – It is the lower section which forms a base. It supports the main bearing,
encloses the lower part of the crankcase (the space in which the crankshaft turns)
and forms a sump,for lubricating oil
2. MAIN BEARINGS - The main bearings are located on the bed plate supports the
crankshaft.
3. FRAME - It is the upper section, that includes the upper part of the crankcase.This
supports the cylinder block. In large engines it is sometimes in the shape of "A" and
called "A-Frame".
4)CYLINDER BLOCK - Cylinder liners are supported in the cylinder block.
5)CYLINDER LINER - The compression of air and combustion, of air-fuel mixture takes
place inside the cylinder liner. so it forms part of the combustion chamber
6. CYLINDER HEADS - It forms upper part of the combustion chamber. It covers and
seals the cylinder liner top so as to make a confined space in which to compress the
air and to confine the gases while they are burning and expanding. Some cylinder
heads are in two parts as follows:
a) Cylinder head Insert --it contains the valve pockets b)cylinder head body it seats on
the liner flange.
VALVES or PORTS - To admit the air and to discharge the spent or exhaust gases.
Ports are holes located on the cylinder liner and valves are located on the cylinder
Moving Parts :-
PISTON - The piston with its rings slides in and out in the liner, and seals the
cylinder with its rings so that no air or gas leaks past to the bottom of the
piston. It also serves the purpose of compressing the air and transmits the gas
pressure to the connecting rod. The top section of the piston is called the
"crown" and the bottom section is called the "skirt",
CONNECTING ROD.~ The connecting rod is a bar or strut with a bearing at each
end, whose purpose is to transmit the piston thrust to the crankshaft. It must
be very strong, yet must not be too heavy because of inertia forces
CONNECTING ROD BOLTS - The connecting rod has a split bottom end with bolts,
where the crankpin of the crankshaft is held in place
CRANKSHAFT:- The crank mechanism is a device for converting the in-andout
(reciprocating) motion of the piston to rotating motion of the crankshaft.
FLY wheel This is a wheel or disk of substantial 'mass which is firmly attached to
crankshaft. The flywheel acquires kinetic energy because of its rotation, The
flywheel stores additional kinetic energy while speeding up and gives back
that energy when it slows down.
FUEL INJECTION : The fuel injection pump forces the fuel oil in to the cylinder also a fuel injection
nozzle (located on the cylinder head) breaks up the oil into a fine spray as it enters the
cylinder.
2) CAMSHAFT - The camshaft, driven by the crankshaft through gearings or chains, operates the
fuel injection pump and also to open the valves (in engines which use valves).
3) VALVE ACTUATING GEAR - Found in four-stroke engines and two-stroke engines with exhaust
valve. Consist of rocker arms and push-rods in mechanical type.
GOVERNOR - Control of the amount of fuel supplied to the engine at each stroke is carried out by
a governor, hence the control_of the engine speed.
TURBOCHARGER - To supply pressurised air into the cylinder.
STARTING/REVERSING GEAR - Starting air valves are required for the starting and reversing of the
engine. Valves are located on the cylinder head. SAFETY
DEVICES - Relief valves, oil mist detectors and other safety devices are fitted on engines.
Auxiliaries
1) PIPING SYSTEMS - Systems are required to supply air for starting/reversing and combustion,
remove exhaust gases, water for cooling cylinder jackets, lubricating oil to lubricate the
moving parts, fuel oil for combustion, etc.

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Cylinder block Cross head – Cam shaft

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