Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

A Capstone Project
Presented to
The Faculty of the Department of Information Technology
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Papaya Off-Campus

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the course ITCAP 01
Capstone Project 1

By:

Kevin F. Caluag

May 2022
Running head: Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

According to Briones (2022), “Putting up a sensor, simple sensor that will

communicate with your mobile phone and the mobile phone is a simple, inexpensive

smartphone. That one has a greater promise of early adoption” smart agriculture covers a

wide range of technologies, some of which could be handled by small farmers, by the

help of Technology farmers can readily adapt (to). They need to be able to access and

even now through data services, mobile phones. There is nothing that will stop farmers

from being able to make use of this example of smart agriculture and not have to wait a

month, or two months, for the extension officer to come and test their soil and give them

advice on the right fertilizer regime given their crop choice.

Other technologies may not require large-scale investment. It could be as

simple as an upgraded version of a mobile phone that can run a particular app for sensor-

based analysis for (the) purchase of actual equipment for sensor-based analysis of the

farm. This could be done at the level of individual farmers. However, they need to be

convinced, but That is ultimately the key to smart agricultural transformation (Briones,

2022).

Mushrooms are delicacy food items praised for their characteristic texture

when biting and enjoyable flavor. They have received overwhelming attention from food

and pharmaceutical researchers due to their bioactive constituents (Sheu et al., 2007,

Mariga et al., 2014).

Mushroom farming, just like any other farm, can be benefited from using IoT.

The usual manual activities can be eased by leveraging various available sensing devices.

Sensor technologies can accurately monitor the major environmental factors that affect
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 2

stalk height,

stalk diameter, and capsize in mushrooms hence enabling the regulation of air

temperature, humidity, and compact materials (Bellettini, et al., 2015).

Several problems may arise when the ecological factors are not monitored and

regulated (Bellettini et al., 2015). Even elevated inoculum amounts or the number of

holes in mushroom cultivation packages result in the developing of non-desired

organisms such as bacteria and nematodes. The effects of those problems are indeed

undesirable because it affects production.

This study employed a developmental research method to develop a web-based

automated mushroom monitoring system to make it possible. The proponent used the

Web-Based platform and Internet of Things using an Arduino microcontroller to create

this system.

Literature Review

IOT in Smart Agriculture

The Internet of Things makes “dumb” things “smart “by connecting them to the

internet. IoT enables devices embedded with sensors to connect to and interact with each

other via the internet (Agriculture Victoria, 2020).

IoT is about the power of data. Our world is digitally connected, and data is a

critical asset. Data from devices can guide farmers’ decisions, helping them farm smarter

and safer and adapt more quickly to changing conditions. Monitoring farm conditions and

infrastructure remotely can free up time, labor, and capital to invest, allowing farmers to

focus on other things.

Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 3

Understanding Internet of Things

The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices,

mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals, or people that are provided with

unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring

human- to-human or human-to-computer interaction (Gillis, 2022).

A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a

farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert

the driver when tire pressure is low, or any other natural or artificial object that can be

assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address and can transfer data over a network.

Increasingly, organizations in various industries are using IoT to operate more

efficiently, better understand customers to deliver enhanced customer service, improve

decision-making and increase the value of the business (Gillis, 2022).

How IOT in Agriculture works

In agriculture, IoT-based smart farming systems can help monitor, for instance,

light, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture of crop fields using connected sensors.

IoT is also instrumental in automating irrigation systems (Gillis, 2022).

Some organizations have dedicated IoT in their organization, like in a smart city.

IoT sensors and deployments, such as smart streetlights and smart meters, can help

alleviate traffic, conserve energy, monitor and address environmental concerns, and

improve sanitation. In healthcare, IoT offers many benefits, including the ability to

monitor patients more closely using an analysis of the generated data. Hospitals often use

IoT systems to complete tasks such as inventory management for both pharmaceuticals

and medical instruments.

Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 4

The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to transform the ways we live in the

world; we have more-efficient industries, more connected cars, and smarter cities, all

these as components of an integrated IoT system. The ever-growing global population

will touch around 9.6 billion by 2050. So, to feed this immense population, the

agriculture industry needs to embrace IoT. The demand for more food has to meet

challenges such as rising climate change, extreme weather conditions, and environmental

impact resulting from intensive farming practices (DataFlair, 2022).

Opportunities of using IOT in agriculture

 remote monitoring of farm conditions and infrastructure, saving time and labor

on routine farm checks

 improving producers’ decision making through data analytics

 faster and quicker insights from real-time data across the value chain,

helping farmers respond to what the market wants

 efficiency in how we produce food to ensure less wastage, expediency to

market, and enhanced traceability to demonstrate safe and sustainable food to

our customers

 building the capabilities to respond to new and emerging technologies and

investing in research and development to contribute to ongoing innovation and

improved productivity.
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 5

Smart Agriculture Modes, Trends and Benefits

Farming has seen technological transformations in the last decades, becoming

more industrialized and technology-driven. By using various smart agriculture gadgets,

farmers have gained better control over raising livestock and growing crops, making it

more predictable and improving its efficiency (Chalimov, 2020).

Smart agriculture is a new agricultural production mode that contributes to

agricultural information perception, quantitative decision-making, intelligent control,

precise investment, and personalized service through the deep integration of modern

information technologies, e.g., the internet, Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud

computing, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) with agriculture. In short, the new model is a

smart agricultural solution that combines agriculture with modern information technology

(Sinica, 2020).

Smart Farming Modes:

1. Real-Time monitoring: A Smart Farming monitoring in which farmers

can easily see or review the monitoring status of the farms.

2. Wireless connectivity: A easy way of accessing the status of farms in any

location.

3. Crop management: One more type of IoT product in agriculture and

another element of precision farming are crop management devices. Like

weather stations, they should be placed in the field to collect data specific

from cropping farming, from temperature and precipitation to leaf water

potential and overall crop health. Thus, you can monitor your crop growth

and any anomalies to prevent any diseases or infestations.

Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

Recorded history can be traced through agriculture. When we started planting and

sowing crops, we started to evolve as a society. So, if we can use agriculture to measure

our success and value as a society, what is the current smart farming trend (Mazzei,

2021).

Smart Farming Trends:

1. The growing adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT): A growing

application of IoT solutions in agriculture by using smart agriculture

sensors to monitor the state of crops, farmers can define exactly how

many pesticides and fertilizers they have to use to reach optimal

efficiency.

2. Greenhouse automation: farmers use manual intervention to control

the greenhouse environment. The use of IoT sensors enables them to

get accurate real-time information on greenhouse conditions such as

lighting, temperature, soil condition, and humidity.

There are many reasons to implement a smart agriculture solution into

commercial and local farming. In a world where the internet of things is accelerating the

adoption of data gathering and automation, an important industry such as agriculture can

surely benefit. Here are some benefits of implementing a smart agriculture solution

(C2M, 2016).

Smart Agriculture Benefits:

1. Data, tons of data, collected by smart agriculture sensors: Weather

conditions, soil quality, crop growth progress, or cattle’s health. This data can
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

be used to track the state of your business in general as well as staff

performance, equipment efficiency, etc.

2. Better control over the internal processes and, as a result, lower

production risks: The ability to foresee the output of your production allows

you to plan for better product distribution. If you know exactly how many

crops you will harvest, you can make sure your product won’t lie around

unsold.

3. Increased business efficiency through process automation: You can

automate multiple processes across your production cycle using smart devices,

e.g., irrigation, fertilizing, or pest control.

4. Precision Farming: Precision farming is a process or a practice that makes the

farming procedure more accurate and controlled for raising livestock and

growing crops.

5. Water Conservation: Weather predictions and soil moisture sensors allow for

water use only when and where needed.

6. Lower Operation Costs: Automating processes in planting, treatment and

harvesting can reduce resource consumption, human error, and overall cost.

7. Equipment Monitoring: Farming equipment can be monitored and

maintained according to production rates, labor effectiveness, and failure

prediction.

IoT in Mushroom Farming

Marzuki & Ying (2017) presents a system for monitoring and controlling

mushroom farms. It has a circuit with a monitoring function that includes a monitoring
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

function that enables the user to monitor temperature, humidity, and light intensity in a

mushroom farm wirelessly and control the sensors' mushroom farm condition feedback.

Their monitoring system obtains data from the sensors and sends it to ThingSpeak online

cloud for monitoring and storage. Also, users can access the data anytime via the Internet

and download the data into a CSV file for further analysis. They also designed an

Android app interface for easy data monitoring.

The IoT-based Monitoring and Environment Control System for indoor

cultivation of oyster mushrooms used Arduino UNO as a controller to integrate data from

the sensor and send it to the IoT platform through a wireless module (Mohammed et al.,

2017). The ThingSpeak IoT platform visualizes the data submitted, and it is available to

Android or IOS apps linked to the same platform. The data received on mobile apps is

displayed in sensor value, a graph in the time domain for visualizing the data trend, and

used as a control parameter to the connected device.

Studies Review

Information that the researcher had collected from different websites and article

has similarities with the researcher's study. The researcher's study will include sensors to

monitor the climate or the environment of the farms. Using microcontrollers called

Arduino will be the main brain of the system. While the choice of microcontrollers

chosen in the other studies is diverse, many of the studies used ThingSpeak to show the

monitoring status. (Marzuki & Ying, 2017).

Each of the studies includes the use of sensors and has both desktop

and mobile access. A few of the studies offer offline availability (Pravinth,

Rozario,2020), but what sets the system apart from other studies is that it is accessible
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

offline and has a Smart sprinkler to maintain the proper moisture of the farms.

Conceptual Framework

The Project “Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler”

was developed using Agile development methodology. Agile is a term used to describe

approaches to software development emphasizing incremental delivery, team

collaboration, continual planning, and continual learning instead of trying to deliver it all

at once near the end. Agile focuses on keeping the process lean and creating minimum

viable products (MVPs) that go through several iterations before anything is final.

Feedback is gathered and implemented continually, and in all, it is a much more dynamic

process where everyone is working together towards one goal (Visual Paradigm, 2020).

Input Process Output

Identifying features
and functionalities of
the proposed system.
Adopting Scrumban, an
Agile development Web-Based mushroom
Results from
methodology, in monitoring system.
researches/interview
developing the Web-
conducted in relation
Based mushroom
to mushroom farming.
monitoring system.

This methodology is embedded into the research paradigm of the IPO or input-process-

output model, which was also used by most researchers, according to Canonizado (2020),

as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

In Figure 1, for the input phase, the researcher conducted a series of research and
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

interviews regarding the methods, procedure, and flow of the Mushroom Monitoring

System. In addition, the researcher used Benchmarking of systems used by different

farms was also done, and the ISO/IEC 25010 Software Product Quality Standards is

being used to define the proposed system's characteristics and functionalities.

The researcher used Scrumban, an Agile development technique, during the

process phase. It is a cross between Scrum and Kanban (Martinuzzi, 2019). Scrumban is

becoming increasingly popular in in-service businesses, according to Pajuha (2015),

where we have both development and maintenance projects.

Finally, the researcher presented the developed Web-based Mushroom

Monitoring System during the output phase. In addition, things like user guides and

training were considered throughout the implementation and maintenance of the system.

In addition, reviews and feedback were gathered in order to improve the system further.

According to the table, the project took thirty-six (36) weeks to complete.

Table 1
Project Schedule

ACTIVITY/ TASK NO OF
WEEKS
1 ANALYSIS STAGE
- Defining System Requirements 12

2 DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT STAGE

- Prototyping 24
- Scrumban procedures
3 IMPLEMETATION & MAINTENANCE

Total Weeks 36

Statement of the Problem

Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

The Philippines is a tropical country suitable for growing mushrooms

(ResearchGate,2013). Cultivating shiitake and button mushrooms requires cold

environments, which is one of the obstacles to planting mushrooms. Cultivating

mushrooms in open hot weather can cause the mushroom to dry and die (Mariga, 2014),

so this research aims to develop a “Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with

Smart Sprinkler” that can handle and maintain the proper environment for the

mushrooms.

This research involved developing and evaluating a “Web-Based Mushroom

Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler.” A real-time monitoring system focused on

mushroom farming.

The study was looking for answers to the following research questions:

1. How may the “Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart

Sprinkler” be developed using the Agile Model phases in terms of:

1.1 Defining requirements;

1.2 System design;

1.3 Development;

1.4 Quality assurance;

1.5 User acceptance testing; and

1.6 releasing.

2. How may the “Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart

Sprinkler” be evaluated by the IT experts based on the following ISO/IEC

25010 criteria:
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

2.1. functional suitability;

2.2. performance efficiency;

2.3. compatibility;

2.4. usability;

2.5. reliability;

2.6. security;

2.7. maintainability?

3. How may the “Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart

Sprinkler” be evaluated by the Users based on selected ISO/IEC 25010

criteria:

3.1. functional suitability;

3.2. performance efficiency; and

3.3. usability?

4. What is the level of effectiveness of implementing “Web-Based

Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler” after being

evaluated by the system users and IT experts?

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

focused on understanding the needs of every farmer. This study also covered and

analyzed different studies, technologies, devices, and third-party software, from simple

to complex, which can be included and related to the study's development.

The study's main features were a real-time monitoring system and a smart
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

sprinkler for the mushroom house. It can be done by using the Microcontroller called

ARDUINO UNO and different types of sensors useful for monitoring the status of the

mushroom house. This study designed and developed a reliable smart farming system

(IoT) to reduce farmers' time costs and resources. The system can detect temperature,

detect the level of present CO2 in the surrounding, detect the present level of light,

detect humidity of the surroundings, and smart sprinklers, detect the mushroom progress

and remotely monitor it, but the system cannot prevent the insects in the agriculture

facility.

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

Farmers. This research is for the benefit of farmers, having an application of IoT

in Agriculture specially in a mushroom house, farmers can easily monitor the

status of the environment of the mushroom house that are suited for the

mushrooms and lessen their labor time to make them more reproductive.

Owner. With this research, owner can gain or have an increase of their production

rates in terms of mushrooms.

Markets. With this research markets will have a continues supply of the products

cause by continuous increasing production rates.

Future Researchers. The results of the study will be useful for future researchers

with the interest in developing system with integration of Internet of Things

(IOT) as their basis and references that will lead for better idea for their

innovation.
 Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

The Researcher. The researcher is expected to learn more about the Internet of

Things and Web development. The project was an opportunity to learn new

knowledge they had never experienced during class. The project helps the

researchers come up with new plans for them to solve a certain problem in

developing the project. The researchers also understood the processes in

mushroom farming and how different factors can affect the growth of

mushrooms.
Running head: Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

CHAPTER 2

METHODS AND PROCEDURE

This chapter represents the methods and procedures employed throughout the

study, including research design, data gathering procedures, data gathering instruments,

research local, and research respondents.

Research Design

This study took a developmental approach to its research. Richey & Seels (1994)

defined opposed to simple instructional development, has been described as "the

systematic study of designing, developing and evaluating instructional programs,

processes, and products that must meet the criteria of internal consistency and

effectiveness." The most typical types of developmental research are investigations into

and explanations of the product development process and evaluations of the completed

product. According to the conceptual framework, Scrumban was used in particular.

Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

Figure 1. Scrumban Model

After identifying requirements based on the data collected, specified tasks were

divided into modules. These modules were prioritized and grouped based on different

factors such as dependencies, the time required for development, and developmental

difficulties. These can be visualized in a Scrumban board as product backlogs.

The actual process of system development was done using the different steps in

the Scrumban process, such as (Pajuha, 2015):

1. Visualizing the work identified as product backlogs through a Scrumban

board which is divided into different labeled columns known as sprints like

“Backlog,” “To Do,” “In Progress,” and “Done.” Here, the product backlogs

will be called sprint backlogs.

Figure 2. Scrumban Board

1. Apply for Work in Process Limit (WIP) in every sprint based on the

capability of the developer to avoid work overload and rush in every sprint.

2. In every work done in a sprint, the developer must transfer the sprint backlog

to the next right column and pulls other sprint backlogs from the left column
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

or sprint.

3. The transfer of sprint backlog from one column to another is not essentially

left to right. The sprint can be turned back in the previous sprint based on

the review of the developer or tester, such as done in the “test” sprint. If a

sprint passed on Quality Assurance, it would be transferred to “done sprint,”

but if it fails, it will be turned back to a development sprint.

4. The process will continue as a loop until all the modules have completed the

system.

5. To ensure the quality and readiness of each sprint, the developer will

cooperate with other people, such as potential users.

Research Local

The study was conducted at the Bote Mushroom Farm, one of the mushroom

farms in the Municipality of General Tino province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines, located

at Purok 4 Barangay Rio Chico. Bote Mushroom Farm aims to increase the production

rates of mushrooms in the Municipality of General Tinio. As we all know, farming is the

livelihood of a majority of the residents. Even though located at the foot of the Sierra

Madre Mountain Ridges, the topography is generally plain ideal for agricultural products

such as palay, vegetables, and fungi. The developed system will be deployed soon on that
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

mushroom Farm. Bote Mushroom house is composed of 1 room with a width of fifteen

(15) meters and fifteen (15) meters in height, and they started it this year (2012).

Figure 4. Google Earth View of the Research Locale

Figure 5. Image of the facility of Research Locale

There were three groups of respondents in the study – the IT experts, Fungiculture

and the System End-users that assessed the system based on the quality model (ISO/IEC

25010) criteria. The IT expert are composed of three (3) IT Professors and one (1) IT

Consultant. While the Fungi culturist expert group are the experts for cultivation of

mushrooms, total Fungi culturist experts’ respondents are 2, and lastly is the System

Users group are divided into 2 sets first is the Owners, and second in the staffs or the

employees, total System Users respondents are 4.

Collectively, there were 10 respondents that composed of three (3) IT experts, one

(1) IT Consultant, two (2) Fungi culturist experts, (2) primary users and two (2)

secondary users as shown in Table 2 below.

Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

Table 1
Distribution of Respondents

Classification Population

IT Expert 3

IT Consultant 1

Fungi culturist Expert Primary 2

Users (Owners) 2

Secondary Users (staffs/employees) 2

Total 10

Samples and Sampling Technique

A purposive sample was used in this study. According to Alchemer (2021),

Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, is a

form of non-probability sampling in which researchers rely on their judgment when

choosing members of the population to participate in their surveys. The method for

performing purposive sampling is fairly straightforward. All researchers must reject the

individuals who do not fit a particular profile when creating the sample.

Research Instrument

To evaluate the developed system, the researcher employed Printed

Questionnaires to collect data from the respondents. A questionnaire is a research

instrument consisting of questions to gather information from respondents.

Questionnaires can be thought of as a kind of written interview. They can be carried out
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

face to face, by telephone and by computer. Questionnaires provide a relatively cheap,

quick and efficient way of obtaining large amounts of information from a large

sample of people Saul (2018).

Figure 6. ISO25010Software Product Quality Standards

The system evaluation questionnaires were based on the ISO/IEC 25010 Software

Product Quality Standards, including eight (8) criteria: functional suitability, performance

efficiency, compatibility, usability, dependability, security, portability and

maintainability. The questionnaire includes the entire ISO/IEC 25010 Software Product

Quality Standards for IT experts. However, System Users were only given a

questionnaire that provided only the three main criteria: functional suitability,

performance efficiency, and usability. This was due to the technicality of other ISO

25010 Software Product Quality Standards that IT experts could correctly assess other

characteristics.
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler

To interpret the data acquired in compliance with the specified ISO 25010

Software Quality Standards were used the following scoring guide:

Table 2
Response Mode for Functional Suitability

Range Interpretations Descriptor

4 Efficiently meets all the stated and implied needs;
Very Functional
and no weaknesses are found.
Satisfactorily meets all the stated and implied
3
Functional needs but acceptable / tolerable weaknesses are
found which will however not affect its function
Meets only some of the stated and implied needs
2 Slightly
and minor weaknesses are found that will slightly
Functional
affect its function.
Meets very few stated and implied needs; and
1
Not Functional major weaknesses are found that will greatly affect
its function.

Table 3
Response Mode for Performance Efficiency

Range Interpretations Descriptor

Efficiently performs all the stated and implied needs
4
Very Efficient relative to the amount of resources without any
flaws.
Satisfactorily performs all the stated and implied
3 needs. relative to the amount of resources used but
Efficient
tolerable flaws are found which will however not
affect the MTA’s overall performance.
Poorly performs the stated and implied needs
2 relative to the amount of resources used and major
Slightly Efficient
flaws are found that will greatly affect its
performance.
Does not perform the stated and implied needs
1
Not Efficient relative to the amount of resources used. Thus,
restructuring is needed.
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 21

Table 4
Response Mode for Compatibility

Range Interpretations Descriptor

Efficiently meets the required function while sharing
4 Very the same hardware and software environment. It can
Compatible exchange information with other systems with no
inadequacies at all.
Satisfactorily meets the required function while
sharing the same hardware and software environment.
3
Compatible It can exchange information with other systems but
tolerable inadequacies are found which will not in any
way affect
the MTA’s over-all compatibility.
Poorly performs the required function while sharing
the same hardware and software environment. It can
2 Slightly
exchange information with other systems but major
Compatible
inadequacies are found that will greatly affect its
compatibility.
Does not meet the required function while sharing the
1 same hardware and software environment. It cannot
Not Compatible
exchange information with other systems thus
restructuring is needed.

Table 5
Response Mode for Usability

Range Interpretations Descriptor

Provides a user interface that is easy to operate and
4
Very Usable control such that the users can effortlessly perform
their appropriate needs even without guide or
supervision.
Provides a user interface that is easy to operate and
3
Usable control such that the users can easily perform their
appropriate needs with minimal guide or supervision.

Provides a user interface that is slightly difficult to

2
Slightly Usable operate and control such that the users cannot easily
perform their appropriate needs.

Provides a user interface that is difficult to operate and

1 control such that it is difficult for the users to perform
Not Usable
their appropriate needs at all. Thus restructuring is
required for the MTA.
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 22

Table 6
Response Mode for Reliability

Range Interpretations Descriptor

Efficiently performs its functions without failure
4
Very Reliable under specified conditions and period of time with no
flaws at all.
Satisfactorily performs its functions without failure
3 under specified conditions and period of time with
Reliable
minimal flaws which will not in any way affect t the
MTA’s over-all reliability.
Performs only some its functions without failure under
2 Slightly
specified conditions and period of time with major
Reliable
flaws which will affect the MTA’s over-all reliability.
Cannot perform any of its functions without failure
1
Not Reliable under specified conditions and period of time, thus
restructuring is required.

Table 7
Response Mode for Security

Range Interpretations Descriptor

4 Efficiently protects information and data with no
Very Secured
weaknesses at all.

Satisfactorily protects information and data with

3
Secured minimal weaknesses which will not in any way affect
t the MTA’s overall security.

Protects only some of its information and data with

2 Slightly
major weaknesses which will affect the MTA’s over-
Secured
all
security
1 Cannot protect any information and data, thus
Not Secured restructuring is required.
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 23

Table 8
Response Mode for Portability

Range Interpretations Descriptor

Efficiently adapts to changes in environment and can be
4 Very Portable installed / uninstalled in specified environment, with no
weaknesses at all.
Satisfactorily adapts to changes in environment and can
3 be installed / uninstalled in specified environment, with
Portable
minimal weaknesses, which however, will not affect its
overall portability.
Barely adapts to changes in environment and can be
2 installed / uninstalled in specified environment with
Slightly Portable
moderate weaknesses which may affect its over-all
portability.
1 Cannot adapt to changes in environment and cannot be
Not Portable
installed / uninstalled in specified environment.

Table 9
Response Mode for Maintainability

Range Interpretations Descriptor

Efficiently retains its original form and can be restored
4 Very
to that form in case of failure, with no weaknesses at
Maintainable
all.
Satisfactorily retains its original form and be restored
3 to that form in case of failure; with minimal
Maintainable
weaknesses, which however, will not affect its overall
maintainability.
Retains and restores only some of its original features
2 Slightly
in case of failure; with moderate weaknesses which
Maintainable
may affect its over-all maintainability.
1 Not le Cannot retain and restore its original form in case of
Maintainable failure, thus restructuring is required

Data Gathering Procedure

Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 24

This research was divided into two stages: development and implementation and

assessment. Data for the development stage was gathered through web searches, printed

questionnaires, and interviews with specialists from Central Luzon State University to find

the appropriate features for the mushroom farming, The researcher also conducted online

research for more features that can be applied to the system and how to develop Real-Time

Monitoring System using a micro-controller called Arduino that can be used in different

types of computers such as desktops smartphones. The development phase only takes place

only after the necessary information is gathered. Development began with the sequence

planning, followed by the analysis of the system to understand its nature and determine its

essential features.

The next phase was the construction of the system and program design, coding of

the software program, testing and implementing the output iteratively, and the maintenance

requirements and considerations of the system. User acceptance testing happened after

passing from the quality assurances conducted into system packages. Also, the packages

that passed acceptance testing were released and implemented.

Data Analysis Technique

Weighted mean and analysis of data in the assessment of the system with regards to

the criteria based on ISO/IEC 25010 Software Product Quality Standards such as

functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, security, maintainability, and portability. Was

used the following scale to analyze the information received through online questionnaires

using an evaluation form derived from ISO/IEC 25010. analysis used a four-point Likert

scale to rate the items.

Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 25

Table 10
Qualitative Result Rubric Table

NUMERICAL
INTERVAL VERBAL DESCRIPTION
RATING
4 3.26 – 4.00 Very Functional / Efficient / Compatible / Usable
/ Reliable /Secured/Maintainable / Portable

3 2.51 – 3.25 Functional / Efficient / Compatible / Usable

/ Reliable / Secured / Maintainable /
Portable
2 1.76 – 2.50 Needs Improvement
1 1.00 – 1.75 Poor

Ethical Concerns

According to Insights (2020), Research ethics are moral principles that guide

researchers to conduct and report research without deception or intention to harm the

participants of the study or members of the society as a whole, whether knowingly or

unknowingly. Practicing ethical guidelines while conducting and reporting research is

essential to establish the validity of your research.

In addition, it educates and monitors scientists' research to ensure a high ethical

standard. The following is a general summary of some ethical principles:

 Honesty.

 Integrity.

 Respect of intellectual property.

 Responsible publication.

 Human subject protection.

Table 11
Types of Ethical Issues
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 26

Ethical issue Definition

Voluntary Participants have the option to join or leave the research at any
participation time.
Informed consent Before agreeing or declining to participate, participants are
informed about the study's objective, benefits, risks, and funding.
Anonymity The participants' identities are unknown to you. No personally
identifiable information is gathered.
Confidentiality You know who the participants are, but you keep it a secret from
the rest of the group. You anonymize personally identifying
information so that no one else can relate it to other information.
Potential for harm The risk of physical, social, psychological, and other forms of
harm is maintained to a bare minimum.
Results You ensure that your work is devoid of plagiarism and research
communication misconduct, and that your results are appropriately represented.

In paying attention to those ethical issues in the evaluation phase, the researcher

carefully followed guidelines for unbiased data collection. For example, though the

questionnaire asked the participants’ names, they were not obliged to answer it to keep

them anonymous if they did not want. Also, the researcher asked the experts to analyze

the collected data to make the study free from plagiarism and accurately represent the

result of the study.

Definition of Terms

The terms used in this study were operationally defined below for better
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 27

comprehension and for clarity as to the context they had been used in this study.

Internet of Things (IOT) describes the network of physical objects “things” that

are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of

connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet (Oracle,

2022).

Mushroom is the reproductive structure produced by some fungi. It is somewhat

like the fruit of a plant, except that the "seeds" it produces are in fact millions of

microscopic spores that form in the gills or pores underneath the mushroom's cap

(Ministry of Forests).

Platform is a collection of technologies that serve as a foundation for the

development of further applications, processes, or technologies (Techopedia, 2020).

Microcontroller: microcontroller is an integrated circuit (IC) device used for

controlling other portions of an electronic system, usually via a microprocessor unit

(MPU), memory, and some peripherals (Keim, 2019).

ARDUINO UNO: refers to an open-source electronics platform or board and the

software used to program it. Arduino is designed to make electronics more accessible to

artists, designers, hobbyists and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or

environments. An Arduino board can be purchased pre-assembled or, because the

hardware design is open source, built by hand. Either way, users can adapt the boards to

their needs, as well as update and distribute their own versions (Techopedia).

References
Web-Based Mushroom Monitoring System with Smart Sprinkler 28

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Sheu (2007). Factors affecting mushroom Pleurotus spp.

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X16301814

Techopedia (2022). Arduino.

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/27874/arduino

Ministry of Forest .What is mushroom

. https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/publications/00029/mushwhat.htm

Kiem. (2019, March 25). What is microcontroller.

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https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3411/platform-computing

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https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT

Gillis (2020). Opportunities of using IOT in agriculture.

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_and_Controlling_System_for_Mushroom_Farm_with_Online_Interface

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