ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252

Role of IoT and AI in Agriculture Technology

Ms. Ankita Arun Jagadale
Student, Master of Computer Application
Late Bhausaheb Hiray S S Trust's Hiray Institute of Computer Application, Mumbai, India

Abstract: Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence are the most popular digital transformation
technologies today. Real atmospheric data is collected by sensors, and data analysis is done with the aid of
artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to make devices behave in an intelligent manner. The topic of this article
is how IoT and AI have transformed the agricultural industry. It discusses the agricultural revolution due to
the technological advancements in the fields of AI as well as IoT based applications such as drones, UAVs
etc. Using such technology makes it simple to forecast weather conditions like temperature, precipitation,
humidity, the demand for fertilizers, water usage, etc. The agriculture sector is able to increase crop yield
and decrease waste thanks to the IoT and AI-driven technological advancement. The application of IoT and
AI in smart farming has the potential to positively revolutionize conventional farming.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Internet of things, Agriculture, machine learning, AgTech, smart farming

I. INTRODUCTION
Industrial processes are rapidly being transformed globally by IoT and AI.
Smart energy grids, predictive maintenance sensors, and wearable gadgets like smartwatches —IoT and AI have
combined to unleash the potential of data quicker than ever. No sector of the economy is exempt from the advantages
that IoT and AI have to offer. It is not different in the case of agriculture.
Modern, technologically enhanced techniques are assisting farmers in overcoming the difficulty by increasing yield in
comparison to conventional techniques.
We are enthralled with the term "smart." But what we have now is still a long way from becoming intelligent like a
person.
Artificial Intelligence is an engineering technology which instils intelligence into machines so that they reduce the jobs
performed by humans by replacing the human intellect with machines. It consists of mathematical algorithms which help
us derive accurate decisions and outcomes. AI-based systems are rapidly emerging.
Application, adaption, processing speed, and capacities are all factors to consider. Machines are increasingly capable of
taking over regular and easy human jobs.
Data collection from IoT nodes/sensors has become more efficient because of advancements in wireless connectivity and
standardized communication protocols. Data may now be collected practically everywhere, at any time, and in any
quantity.
In this method, AI decision-making can emulate human behaviours to specific situations up to a tolerable degree of
performance.
Technology has been employed in agriculture for a very long time to increase productivity and lessen the amount of
demanding manual labor needed for farming. Since the advent of farming, humankind and agriculture have evolved
together, from better ploughs through irrigation, tractors to contemporary AI.
Computer vision's expanding and more accessible availability could represent a big advancement in this area.
Given the significant changes in our climate, environment, and food needs worldwide, AI has the potential to improve
21st-century agriculture by:
 Increasing the productivity of labor, time, and resources.
 Improving the sustainability of the environment.
 Enhancing resource allocation.
 Real-time monitoring is provided to encourage improved produce quality and health.
Simply described, smart farming is a high-tech, expensive technology that aids farmers in producing food in an
environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. Some of the IoT gadgets used in intelligent farming include agricultural
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 257
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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
drones, animal monitoring systems, and smart greenhouses.
Agricultural robots, predictive analytics, crop and soil monitoring, computer vision, and deep learning algorithms are
some of the most widely used applications of artificial intelligence in agriculture.

1.1 Scope
A true game-changer in smart agriculture is predictive analytics. With AI, farmers can process and gather a vastly
increased amount of data than they could without it. Farmers may use AI to address several major issues, including market
demand analysis, pricing predictions, and choosing the best window for planting and harvesting.
Having said that, AI can also monitor the weather, track the readiness of crops, make fertiliser suggestions, and acquire
insights into the condition of the land. All of that enables farmers to choose wisely during the entire process of crop
cultivation.
Following are few of the benefits of using AI and IOT in agriculture:
 Making better agriculture decisions with data analytics.
 Automated farming equipment to enhance crop quality.
 It is cost saving due to boosting food production while using fewer resources.
 Using fewer chemicals and improving soil quality.
 Risk reduction in business and sales procedures.
 AI helps in handling labor shortages.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

The risks encountered by farmers must be reduced or, at the absolute least, controlled. The potential global use of artificial
intelligence in agriculture is among the most intriguing ones.
By introducing a number of benefits and enabling farmers to produce more with less effort, AI has the potential to
fundamentally alter the way we think about agriculture. AI is not a stand-alone technology, though. The next stage in the
shift from traditional to innovative farming is artificial intelligence (AI). AI can support already available technology.
At the same time that the global population is growing, urbanization is also continuing. Consumption patterns are shifting,
and disposable income is increasing. Farmers need to find a strategy to boost output since they are under a lot of pressure
to satisfy the rising demand. There will be more people to feed in 20 years. Additionally, since there is a limited supply
of good soil, conventional farming methods will need to be transformed.
The research contribution that has been made in the area of agriculture using IoT and AI is included in this section.
According to research, every article has its own problems and difficulties. Sensors like temperature sensors, humidity
sensors, and moisture sensors came into the focus to gain the precision in detecting the true boundaries.
Bhakta et al [2] put forward a study that concentrates on precision agriculture's most recent trends. The current state,
advantages, and drawbacks of the various technologies are investigated. Its objective is to review various applications of
precision agriculture.
Al-Ali et al [3] proposed an irrigation optimization study. It is a model that has been put forth that optimizes the irrigation
process through the precise application of water. It uses Internet of Things sensors and renewable energy.
B. Ragavi et al [4] proposed "AGROBOT" for seed sowing, powered by IoT and AI it keeps track of the weather, the
need for fertilizer and pesticides, and the amount of water needed also the information is delivered to farmers for real-
time field monitoring utilizing cloud services. Useful for increasing crop yield while lowering labor expenditures too.
Vaishali Patil et al [5] suggested a review that provided values to the system, such as soil moisture, temperature, and PH
value, to predict crop yield and the right time for that production.
Boursianis et al [6] put forward a review that focuses on how Internet of Things sensors combined with Drones and UAVs
can assist the farmer of the future.

III. METHODOLOGY
The articles included for this study's analysis came from a variety of publications and conference proceedings that can
be found in most reputable research sources. Predictive analytics have been observed and effectively implemented using
the majority of the findings and approaches described.
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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
The literature review study began with a search of the top academic databases (IEEE, Scopus, and Science Direct) for
information on agriculture and related practices. "Smart farming," "irrigation facilities," "AI and IoT in farming,"
"Implementation of technology in agriculture," and "state of farming in India" were among the keywords and phrases
covered. The initial filtering was based on two key criteria: journal quality (by taking into account impact factor and
number of citations) and publication year (recent advances in the years 2018–2021). Studies were then improved based
on the title and abstract. A minimum of 20 papers were logged to get insight. 10 papers were assessed based on title, and
10 were eliminated based on abstract.
Finally, a review of 10 research papers has been compiled based on the current improvement in technical agriculture
activities.
The essential point to emphasize was the functioning of an implementation technique. Each strategy stated in the chosen
papers was considered and worked on after a careful review of all of them.

IV. ANALYSIS
The use of IoT and AI will help businesses become more efficient, produce less waste, and meet consumer demand for
food.
From the various studies it has been analyzed that AI and IoT can be used for many applications in agriculture.
Applications of AI and IoT based apps in agriculture:

1. Systems for Precision Farming

Precision farming is the AgTech method that is most widely used. It offers services like soil moisture probing, cloud-
based centralised water management, and Variable Rate Irrigation (VRI) optimization. The method makes effective use
of water by utilizing sensors, autonomous machinery, and internet connectivity.

2. Drones for Agriculture

Drones that are both ground-based and in the air are effective for evaluating crop health, keeping an eye on infestation,
and analyzing soil. Additionally, they are utilized for real-time field data collection, seeding, irrigation control, and crop
spraying. The gathered information can be used to forecast production, assess nutrients, and map external influences.

3. Smart Greenhouses in Agriculture

By developing a proportional control system, smart greenhouses use IoT to increase yield. To provide crops with a
controlled environment, they use sensors. The system is remotely watched, and cloud servers are used to process data.
The intelligent greenhouse monitors the amounts of light, temperature, and humidity while minimizing operator
intervention.

4. Sensors for Crop and Soil Monitoring

Crop and soil health are constantly being monitored by robots and drones equipped with thermal or multispectral sensors.
This facilitates fertilizer spraying and regulated irrigation. To guarantee high nutrient value in crops, the sensors also
measure the biome levels of the soil. AI also examines soil characteristics to recommend the most profitable crops.

5. Solutions for Tracking and Monitoring Livestock

By keeping an eye on the livestock, wireless IoT networks and connected devices can save labor costs at the ranch. IoT
devices can detect an animal's position and even keep track of its health. On large farms, the farmers can locate the animal
promptly and even stop the spread of disease by separating sick animals from the rest, protecting the produce and lowering
the cost of livestock.

6. Current Weather Monitors

Smart sensors powered by the Internet of Things provide weather and climatic updates in real time. The comprehensive
prediction can be used by farmers to assess crop needs. Some systems also offer alarms to farmers so they can protect
their crops in the event of severe weather.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 259

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
7. Tools for Predicting Crop Yield and Crop Price
Farmers are using a combination of Big Data, AI, and machine learning technologies to estimate the output of their crops.
It is possible to forecast prices at harvest time by analyzing previous data to evaluate price swings. Accurate yield per
hectare calculations are made possible by farm mapping. To arrive at a figure, farmers consider a variety of factors,
including rainfall, pesticide usage, pH level, temperature, and other climatic circumstances.

8. Robots for Agriculture

By handling several activities on farms, agricultural robots reduce physical labor and save time. More effectively than
people, they aid in crop monitoring and harvesting. To keep weeds under control and preserve the quality of the crop,
they have received AI training. These machines can pack the yield more quickly than conventional techniques and sort it
according to quality.
Al in agriculture is assisting farmers with increasing their productivity and minimising adverse environmental effects. Al
was enthusiastically adopted by the agricultural sector in order to change the final result. The production of our food is
changing as a result of artificial intelligence, and emissions from the agriculture sector have dropped by 20%. Al helps
to manage and control any unforeseen natural conditions. To improve the effectiveness of agricultural production, the
majority of start-ups in this industry have adopted an Al-enabled strategy. Al assists the agricultural businesses in
processing the data in order to reduce unfavourable outcomes.

V. FINDINGS
According to the most recent research, some of the actions being taken to promote smart farming practices include the
modernization of Agriculture supply chains, strategies for reducing climate risk, digitization of farm collectives as farmer
producer organizations, the emergence of a start-up ecosystem, and government initiatives in digital farming.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are most frequently used in the agriculture sector.
As per the research, the country's agriculture industry expands further, more companies are expected to invest in
affordable drones, which may help farmers and improve their knowledge while also creating jobs for young people in
rural areas.
Through incubators, it can be observed that the government is also supporting an institutional ecosystem for agriculture
technology firms.
Through the NITI Aayog, the government has established broad guidelines for fostering India's AI ecosystem under the
theme of "AI for all."
The great news is that current technology agriculture is anticipated to become significantly better structured in the future.

VI. CONCLUSION
Agriculture presents many difficulties for farmers, including issues with irrigation, understanding the precise causes of
soil behaviour, when to use insecticides or pesticides, crop disease prediction, the cost of implementing the newest
technologies in hardware, crop demand and supply, and—perhaps most crucially—farmers' awareness of the benefits and
drawbacks of using technology on their farms. Technology is crucial in integrating agriculture infrastructure with new
practices and solutions to address these problems. This paper reviews a number of studies and finds that applying IoT
and AI to agricultural activities can result in useful work.
It is predicted that agriculture based on AI & IOT may lessen farmer stress for crop output, their dependence on
unforeseen trends in weather forecasting, and also reduction in the cost of human labor. All the recent advancements by
applying these technologies are addressed & reviewed. The article offers many ideas and methods for putting them into
practice in the area of agriculture utilizing AI and IoT.
The article offers many ideas and methods for putting them into practice in the area of agriculture utilizing AI and IoT.
The majority of Indian farmers are still reliant on seasonal rainfall, and they do not use any technical irrigation facilities
because of a lack of funding, small landholdings prevent farmers from implementing automated tools for farming due to
high hardware costs, and a lack of technological know-how is another major barrier in modern agriculture among other
concerns that have been identified through literature study.
The goals of smart farming and precision agriculture are to improve agricultural society, and it appears that the adoption

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 260

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
of these technologies by the majority of farmers will be necessary for agricultural progress. Additionally, young people
must have an interest in the digital age of this new agriculture in order to effectively integrate the knowledge of old
traditional ways with current technologies to enhance the entire situation.

REFERENCES
[1] The Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature
Review C. L. de Abreu & J. P. van Deventer Part of the Communications in Computer and Information Science book
series (CCIS,volume 1551)
[2] State‐of‐the‐art technologies in precision agriculture: a systematic review (Bhakta et al., 2019) Journal of the Science
of Food and Agriculture
[3] IoT-solar energy powered smart farm irrigation system (Al-Ali et al., 2019) Journal of Electronic Science
[4] Ragavi B, Pavithra L, Sandhiyadevi P, Mohanapriya GK, Harikirubha S, "Smart Agriculture with AI Sensor by Using
Agrobot," in IEEE, 2020.
[5] Patil V, Pathade S, "IOT based Agribot for Irrigation and Farm Monitoring," OAIJSE, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 9- 13, 2019.
[6] Internet of Things (IoT) and Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in smart farming: A comprehensive
review (Boursianis et al., 2020) Internet of Things Journal
[7] Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture: A Literature Survey (Bannerjee et al., 2018) International Journal of Scientific
Research in Computer Science Applications and Management Studies
[8] Utilization of IOT and AI for Agriculture - June 2019 International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering
Exploration Volume-8(Issue 5):ISSN: 2249-8958 Authors: Niraj Prasad Bhatta, Thangadurai Natarajan
[9] Application of IoT and Machine Learning in Agriculture International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 9 Issue 07, July-2020 Author: Aman Kumar Dewangan
[10] Technology assisted farming: Implications of IoT and AI Authors: N Aggarwal and D Singh IOP Conference Series:
Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 1022, 1st International Conference on Computational Research and Data
Analytics (ICCRDA 2020)

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