Coordinate Geometry Basics - Translation and Rotation of Axes - Examples

8/17/22, 10:21 PM Coordinate Geometry Basics - Translation and Rotation of Axes : Examples
Home » Lessons » Coordinate Geometry Basics » 16. Translation / Rotation : Examples
16. Translation / Rotation : Examples

This will be the last lesson in the Coordinate Geometry Basics series. I’ll be closing
with a few solved examples relating to translation and rotation of axes.
Example 1 Find the new coordinates of the point (3, 4) when
(i) the origin is shifted to the point (1, 3).
(ii) the axes are rotated by an angle θ anticlockwise, where tanθ = 4/3.
(iii) the origin is shifted to (1, –2), and the axes are rotated by 90° in the clockwise
direction.
Solution (i) We’ll directly use the formula derived in the previous lesson: x = X + h, y =
Y+k
We’ll get:
3=X+1⇒ X=2
4 = Y + 3 ⇒ Y = 1
Therefore, the coordinates with respect to the shifted origin are (2, 1).
As simple as that! The next two are equally simple.
(ii) In this case, we need to calculate the values of sinθ and cosθ first. They’ll come
out to be 4/5 and 3/5 respectively. Now let’s use our formulas x = Xcosθ – Ysinθ and
y = Xsinθ + Ycosθ.
Substituting the values, we’ll get:
3 = (3X – 4Y)/5
4 = (4X + 3Y)/5
Finally, on solving for X and Y, we’ll get X = 5 and Y = 0. Therefore, the new
coordinates will be (5, 0).
(iii) We didn’t talk about simultaneous rotation as well as translation. But turns out it
is quite easy. We can find the new coordinates by first shifting the origin, followed
by rotation, or the other way around.
We can also combine the two formulas straight away, i.e. x = Xcosθ – Ysinθ + h and y
= Xsinθ + Ycosθ + k, and solve for X and Y to obtain the new coordinates. (You may
try doing it separately and compare the answers)
Note that the axes are rotated clockwise in this case, but our formulas consider
anticlockwise direction. So we’ve to take θ = –90°.
https://doubleroot.in/lessons/coordinate-geometry-basics/translation-rotation-examples/ 1/4
Let’s substitute the values now:
3 = Xcos(–90°) – Ysin(–90°) + 1
4 = Xsin(–90°) + Ycos(–90°) – 2
This gives us X = – 6 and Y = 2. Therefore, the final coordinates are (–6, 2).
The next few problems will talk about equations of curves with respect to the new
coordinate systems.
Example 2 Find the new equation of the following curves after the coordinates are
transformed as indicated:
(i) x + 3y = 6, when the origin is shifted to the point (–4, 1).
(ii) Find the equation of the curve x2 + y2 = 4, when the axes are rotated by an angle
of 60° in the anticlockwise direction.
(iii) Find the equation of the curve x2 – y2 = 10, when the axes are rotated by an angle
of 45° in the clockwise direction.
Solution (i) In this case we do not need to find the new coordinates. We only need to
find the relation between them (that’s what an equation is). So we’ll simply replace
the old coordinates with the new ones in the given equation.
Using the expressions for shifting of origin, we have x = X – 4 and y = Y + 2.

Substituting the values in the given equation, we get
X – 4 + 3(Y + 1) = 6
⇒ X + 3Y = 7
And that’s all. We’ve obtained the relation between the new coordinates, which is
nothing but the equation of that curve with respect to the new origin.
(ii) This one is quite similar to the previous one, except that we’re rotating the axes
instead of translating them. Using the formulas, we have
x = Xcos60° – Ysin60°
y = Xsin60° + Ycos60°
Let’s substitute in the given equation. We get:
(Xcos60° – Ysin60°)2 + (Xsin60° + Ycos60°)2 = 4
This leads to
X2cos260° + Y2sin260° – 2XYcos60°sin60° + X2sin260° + Y2cos260° +

2XYsin60°cos60° = 4
⇒ X2(cos260° + sin260°) + Y2(sin260° + cos260°) – 2XYcos60°sin60° +

2XYsin60°cos60° = 4
⇒ X2 + Y2 = 4
Hmm. Nothing happened. Strange.
(iii) This one is quite similar to the previous one, except that we’re rotating the axes
instead of translating them. Using the formulas, we have
x = Xcos45° + Ysin45°
y = –Xsin45° + Ycos45°
On substituting in the given equation, we get
(Xcos45° + Ysin45°)2 – (–Xsin45° + Ycos45°)2 = 10
This on simplification gives us
XY = 5
Example 3 To what point should the origin be shifted so that the equation x2 + y2 –
4x + 6y – 4 = 0 becomes free of the first degree terms (i.e. -4x and 6y)?
Solution Let the origin be shifted to the point (h, k). Let’s transform the equation, and
see what happens. Replacing x by X + h and y by Y + k, we get:
X2 + Y2 + X(-4 + 2h) + Y(6 + 2k) + h2 + k2 – 4h + 6k – 4 = 0
Now the first degree terms in this equation have the coefficients (–4 + 2h) and (6 +
2k). Since we want to get rid of them, we’ll equate both to them to zero. By doing
that, we get h = 2 and k = -3.
The new equation will look like X2 + Y2 – 17 = 0. (No first degree terms, yay!)
Example 4 By what angle should the axes be rotated so that the equation 3x2 + 2xy +
y2 = 1 becomes free of the xy term?
Solution This one is similar to the previous one, except that now we’ve got to rotate
the axes. Let’s do the hard work. The transformed equation will become:
3(Xcosθ – Ysinθ)2 + 2(Xcosθ – Ysinθ)(Xsinθ + Ycosθ) + (Xsinθ + Ycosθ)2 =

1 (Whoa!)
Let’s rearrange the terms carefully:
X2(3cos2θ + 2sinθcosθ + sin2θ) + XY(-4sinθcosθ +2cos2θ – 2sin2θ) + Y2(3sin2θ +

cos2θ – 2sinθcosθ) = 1
We don’t want the XY term, so we’ll equate its coefficient to zero. We get
⇒ 2cos2θ = 2sin2θ
⇒ tan2θ = 1
⇒ θ = 45°
That’ll be all for coordinate geometry basics. We now have all the tools we need to
sail through the next set of lessons. Hope you had fun!
The next stop will be Straight Lines. I’ll meet you there. Goodbye!
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8/17/22, 10:21 PM Coordinate Geometry Basics - Translation and Rotation of Axes : Examples

Home » Lessons » Coordinate Geometry Basics » 16. Translation / Rotation : Examples

16. Translation / Rotation : Examples

Example 1 Find the new coordinates of the point (3, 4) when

(i) the origin is shifted to the point (1, 3).

As simple as that! The next two are equally simple.

Substituting the values, we’ll get:

Let’s substitute the values now:

(i) x + 3y = 6, when the origin is shifted to the point (–4, 1).

Using the expressions for shifting of origin, we have x = X – 4 and y = Y + 2.

Let’s substitute in the given equation. We get:

(Xcos60° – Ysin60°)2 + (Xsin60° + Ycos60°)2 = 4

X2cos260° + Y2sin260° – 2XYcos60°sin60° + X2sin260° + Y2cos260° +

⇒ X2(cos260° + sin260°) + Y2(sin260° + cos260°) – 2XYcos60°sin60° +

Hmm. Nothing happened. Strange.

On substituting in the given equation, we get

(Xcos45° + Ysin45°)2 – (–Xsin45° + Ycos45°)2 = 10

This on simplification gives us

X2 + Y2 + X(-4 + 2h) + Y(6 + 2k) + h2 + k2 – 4h + 6k – 4 = 0

3(Xcosθ – Ysinθ)2 + 2(Xcosθ – Ysinθ)(Xsinθ + Ycosθ) + (Xsinθ + Ycosθ)2 =

Let’s rearrange the terms carefully:

X2(3cos2­­θ + 2sinθcosθ + sin2θ) + XY(-4sinθcosθ +2cos2θ – 2sin2θ) + Y2(3sin2θ +

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X2(3cos2θ + 2sinθcosθ + sin2θ) + XY(-4sinθcosθ +2cos2θ – 2sin2θ) + Y2(3sin2θ +