Milling Machine Definition Parts Types Operations With PDF
Milling Machine Definition Parts Types Operations With PDF
Milling Machine Definition Parts Types Operations With PDF
However, In the case of lathe machine tools, the tools used there single-point cutting tools
but In the case of this machine, the tool used is multi-point cutting tools.
The milling is a process of metal-removing by feeding the workpiece passes through the
rotating multipoint cutter.
Base
Column
Knee
Saddle
Table
Overhanging Arm
Spindle
Arbor
Arbor Supports
Milling Head
Ram
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Base:
It is the foundation part of a machine and all other parts are joined on it.
The base carries the entire load so it should have high compressive strength and it is
made up of cast iron.
Column:
It supports the knee, table, etc., and works as housing for all the other driving members.
The column is a hollow member which contains driving gears and sometimes a motor for
the spindle and the table.
Knee:
It is a casting that supports the saddle and table. All gearing mechanism is enclosed
within the knee.
The knee is supported and adjusted by a vertical positioning screw (elevating screw).
The elevating screw is used to adjust the knee up and down by raising or lowering the
lever either with the help of a hand or power feed.
Saddle:
This is placed between the table and the knee and works as an intermediate part
between them.
This slides over the guideways provided situated on the knee which is perpendicular to
the column face.
The main function is to provide motion in a horizontal direction to the workpiece. This is
also made of cast iron.
Table:
This is a rectangular casting that is present on the top of the saddle and is situated over
the knee.
This is made of cast iron and has T-slot cut over it.
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This provides vertical motion by moving the knee up and down.
Overhanging arm:
It may consist of one or two cylindrical bars that slide through the holes in the column.
Spindle:
The spindle is the main part of the machine which holds the tool in the right place.
This spindle provides the drive for arbors, cutters, and attachments used on a machine.
Arbor:
This is a mechanical part, which is used as an extension part of the spindle in a horizontal
mill machine.
Arbor Supports:
There are generally two types of arbor supports used in the mill machine.
The first one has a small diameter bearing hole, 1-inch in maximum diameter, and the
other one has a large diameter bearing hole, usually up to 23/4 inches.
The arbor support has an oil reservoir that lubricates the bearing surfaces.
The arbor support is used only in the horizontal types of milling machines.
Milling head:
It is the upper section of a vertical mill machine.
Ram:
One end of the arm is attached to the column and the other ends to the milling head.
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The ram can be moved transversally ( in and out) on the column by a hand lever.
In this machine, a vertical column is attached to the bed which consists of all gear drives
which rotate the knee and saddle.
A knee is situated on the base which provides vertical motion to the workpiece or which
moves up and down.
A saddle is attached to the upper section of the knee which can move in the transverse
direction.
The table is placed over the which can hold the workpiece by use of climbing bolts.
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Vertical milling machine:
The cutter tool has the cylindrical shape and the cutting edges are situated at the
circumference of the cylindrical face.
An arbor is attached to the machine which holds the cylindrical disk shape cutter which
cuts the metal workpiece.
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Horizontal milling machine (Source: IndiaMart)
It is the same as the horizontal mill machine, except there is an arrangement of swings up
the table to 45 degrees in either direction.
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Universal milling machine (Source: IndiaMart)
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It is the operation of producing a plain, flat, horizontal surface, parallel to the axis of
rotation.
This machining operation is done on the surfaces which are perpendicular to the axis of
the cutter.
The operation is performed by the face milling cutter mounted on the stub arbor of the
machine.
It is the process of producing flat surfaces which may be horizontal, vertical, and at an
angle taking worktable as a reference.
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Diagram of End milling operation
This operation is accomplished by using convex, concave, and corner rounding milling
cutters.
It is the operation of producing the T-slots on the workpiece by using the T-slots milling
cutter.
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T-slot milling operation diagram
It is the operation of producing the flat vertical surface on the sides of the workpiece by
using a side milling cutter.
The cutter profile is exactly matched with the tooth space of the gear.
It is the operation of producing the flat vertical surface on both sides of the workpiece by
using two side milling cutters mounted on the same arbor.
The distance between the two cutters is adjusted by using a spacing collar.
It is the operation of producing the groove on the surface of the workpiece by using a
saw-milling cutter or end milling cutter.
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The workpiece is fixed firmly on a milling machine and fixing the end milling cutter on an
arbor, by adjusting the depth of cut, the work is fed against the cutter to cut the groove on
the work surface.
It is the machining process in which two or more milling cutters are used together to
perform different milling operations simultaneously.
It is more costly than casting, cold forming, extrusion, etc. If these processes can
provide the flatness, surface finish and dimensional accuracy required for the part.
For mass production, it becomes economically necessary to use special-purpose
machines.
They may cost millions of dollars but the cost is justifiable when handling labor
which is virtually eliminated and machining accuracy and repeatability is ensured.
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