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    The Language of Chemistry - Lesson - 2

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    samson
    This document discusses naming binary compounds. It provides rules for naming binary compounds based on the constituent elements. Binary compounds can be made of two metals, two nonmetals, or a metal and a nonmetal. The name of the first element is provided followed by the second element with the suffix "-ide". If one of the elements has a variable charge, the charge is written in parentheses after the name. Compounds with more than one atom of each element use Greek prefixes like "di", "tri", etc in the name. Exceptions are made for compounds containing hydrogen. Examples of naming binary compounds are provided.

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    The Language of Chemistry - Lesson - 2

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    samson
    109 views11 pages
    This document discusses naming binary compounds. It provides rules for naming binary compounds based on the constituent elements. Binary compounds can be made of two metals, two nonmetals, or a metal and a nonmetal. The name of the first element is provided followed by the second element with the suffix "-ide". If one of the elements has a variable charge, the charge is written in parentheses after the name. Compounds with more than one atom of each element use Greek prefixes like "di", "tri", etc in the name. Exceptions are made for compounds containing hydrogen. Examples of naming binary compounds are provided.

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    Language of Chemistry Lesson 2

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    The Language of Chemistry_Lesson_2

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    This document discusses naming binary compounds. It provides rules for naming binary compounds based on the constituent elements. Binary compounds can be made of two metals, two nonmetals, or a metal and a nonmetal. The name of the first element is provided followed by the second element with the suffix "-ide". If one of the elements has a variable charge, the charge is written in parentheses after the name. Compounds with more than one atom of each element use Greek prefixes like "di", "tri", etc in the name. Exceptions are made for compounds containing hydrogen. Examples of naming binary compounds are provided.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    109 views11 pages

    The Language of Chemistry - Lesson - 2

    Uploaded by

    samson
    This document discusses naming binary compounds. It provides rules for naming binary compounds based on the constituent elements. Binary compounds can be made of two metals, two nonmetals, or a metal and a nonmetal. The name of the first element is provided followed by the second element with the suffix "-ide". If one of the elements has a variable charge, the charge is written in parentheses after the name. Compounds with more than one atom of each element use Greek prefixes like "di", "tri", etc in the name. Exceptions are made for compounds containing hydrogen. Examples of naming binary compounds are provided.

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    of 11

    The Language of Chemistry

    Naming Binary Compounds


    The two constituent elements of binary compounds are usually metals and
    nonmetals.
    Example: NaBr, CaO and AlCl3.

    There are also binary compounds which consist of non-metallic elements


    only. For example, H2O, CO2 and NH3.

    Rules in Naming Binary Compounds:


    1. The name of a binary compound is the combination of the names of the
    two constituent elements.
    2. For binary compounds that consist of metals and non-metals, the metal is
    named first followed by the non metal.
    3. The suffix -ide replaces the last letters of the name of the non-metal.
    For example, chlorine is changed to chloride.
    Names of non metallic elements in binary compounds

    Examples:
    KI – potassium iodide
    Mg3N2 – Magnesium nitride
    CaH2 – Calcium hydride
    Naming Binary Compounds
    4. If the metal has variable valence numbers, the valence number of the
    metal used in the formula should be placed in parenthesis using capital
    Roman numerals after the name of the metal.
    Examples:
    Cu2O – Copper (I) Oxide
    FeCl2 – Iron (II) Chloride

    5. If the binary compound consists of non-metallic elements only, we name


    the first element in the formula followed by the name of the second
    element with the suffix-ide.
    Examples:
    HCl – Hydrogen chloride
    HBr – Hydrogen bromide
    SiC – Silicon carbide
    Naming Binary Compounds
    It is quite common for a pair of elements to form several different
    compounds. In naming such compounds, we use the Greek prefixes to denote
    the number of atoms of each element. Note that a prefix is a group of
    letters added at the beginning of a word.

    Greek prefixes used in naming binary molecular compounds


    Naming Binary Compounds
    CO – Carbon monoxide
    CO2 – Carbon dioxide
    SO2 – Sulphur dioxide
    SO3 – Sulphur trioxide
    N2O – Dinitrogen monoxide
    NO2 – Nitrogen dioxide
    N2O4 – Dinitrogen tetroxide
    P2O3 – Diphosphorus trioxide
    P2O5 – Diphosphorus pentoxide

    The following guidelines are helpful in naming compounds with prefixes:


     The prefix “mono” may be omitted for the first element. For example, PCl3 is
    named phosphorus trichloride, not monophosphorus trichloride. Thus the absence
    of a prefix for the first element usually means there is only one atom of that
    element present in the molecule.
     For “oxides”, the ending “a” in the prefix is sometimes omitted. For example,
    N2O4 is named dinitrogen tetroxide rather than dinitrogen tetraoxide.
    Naming Binary Compounds
    Exceptions to the use of Greek prefixes are binary molecular compounds containing
    hydrogen. Traditionally, many of these compounds are called either by their common
    names or by names that do not specifically indicate the number of H atoms:
    H2O – Water
    NH3 – Ammonia
    PH3 – Phosphine
    H2S – Hydrogen sulphide

    Example:
    Name the following binary molecular compounds.
    A) SiCl4 B) N2O5 C) NF3
    Solution:
    A) Because there are four chlorine atoms, the name of compound is silicon tetrachloride
    B) There are two nitrogen atoms and five oxygen atoms. Thus, the name of compound is
    dinitrogen pentoxide.
    C) Since there are three fluorine atoms, the name of compound is nitrogen trifluoride.
    Class work
    1. Name the following binary compounds
    A) Ca3N2
    B) AlCl3
    C) MgS
    D) SO2
    E) NO
    F) PCl3

    2. Write the formula of the binary compounds made up of


    A) Magnesium and chlorine
    B) Aluminium and bromine
    C) Potassium and Oxygen
    D) Calcium and Oxygen
    Polyatomic Ions
    A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that exists in several compounds but does not exist
    on its own.
    Example: Nitrate, NO3 a polyatomic ion that consists of nitrogen and
    oxygen atoms. Its valence number is 1.
     Nitrate exists in compounds like silver nitrate (AgNO3) but not by itself.
    Writing Chemical Formulas
    Example:
    To write the formula of aluminium sulphate:
    Class work
    Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds:
    A) Calcium phosphate
    B) Iron (III) sulphate
    C) Aluminium hydroxide

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