Chapter II
Chapter II
Chapter II
This chapter presents the related studies, theories and principles, synthesis, and a
conceptual framework that would be relevant on the topic associated with the research
problem. The theoretical framework explores the concept of preservation and its standards
in interior design. The review of related literature and research goes further into the
concept, the guidelines and considerations, the design style, and other academic sources –
both international and domestic – that are relevant to this study. The synthesis in this study
compares and contrasts linked foreign and local scholarly sources that shall develop and
guide the whole research. Furthermore, the conceptual framework describes the variables,
Theoretical Framework
cultural identity and authenticity. Preservation as a theory and practice is compounded from
various concepts of interrelated variables (De la torre et al.,2000). This theory aims to
reconnect people from the past history and revitalize the community by designing a space
that enrich the historic character and functionality of a building. Heritage and historical
buildings are the sources and physical references of past cultures and settlements, thereby
scientific methodology and respected all alterations and periods, despite varying degrees
of historic significance. The present Secretary of Interior’s Standards follow the sensitive
Related Literature
These literatures dealt with topics - both foreign and local- related mainly to the
preservation, and ways to achieve them through the use of standard and guidelines. The
approaches focus on enhancing the built interior spaces of a restaurant following the
Foreign Literature
Preservation Theory
structure. This involves a.) physical actions, such as conservation, consolidation, and
reconstruction needed to ensure the integrity of the fabric, b) programs that articulate the
structure’s significance for society as a whole, and c) economic and political programs that
The intersection and overlap of history and historic preservation occurs at several
France and England. The United States imported European ideas of history as well as
preservation theory during the nineteenth century. This philosophical precedent played a
regular maintenance and repair as a way of preservation of heritage buildings and proposed
that minimum level of alteration in features would make a heritage building practical. He
saw historic buildings as unique creations of the artists in a specific historic context. To
him, reproducing original styles in the form of restoration was an insult to the original
Ruskin put an emphasis on repair and preservation of heritage values rather than
restoration. He was thus against restoration, “It is impossible, as impossible as to raise the
dead, to restore anything that has ever been great or beautiful in architecture. . . .that spirit
which is given only by the hand and eye of the workman, never can be recalled. . . . And
as for direct and simple copying, it is palpably impossible.” Ruskin considered a heritage
building as a ‘corpse’ which could not be restored but could be maintained. Ruskin believed
every heritage building was a unique creation of an architect in a certain period of time,
which could not be imitated or restored, but could be conserved. It means the most total
destruction which a building can suffer: a destruction out of which no remnants can be
gathered: a destruction accompanied with false description of the thing destroyed... Do not
let us talk then of restoration. The thing is a lie from beginning to end. You may make a
model of a building as you may of a corpse, and your model may have the shell of the old
walls within it as your cast might have the skeleton, with what advantage I neither see nor
care: but the old building is destroyed, and that more totally and mercilessly than if it had
sunk into a heap of dust, or melted into a mass of clay: more has been gleaned out of
and was titled a protector of heritage buildings. The present Secretary of Interior’s
Standards follow the sensitive conservation principles of Ruskin. He also upheld the
historic structure.
the Interior through the requirement stating, “Designs must adhere to…regulatory
requirements.” The area of the definition stating designers must “research, analy[ze] and
integrat[e]… knowledge into the creative process” arises when working on an historic
definition by attempting to “enhance the quality of life and culture” of a community and
historic environment. The definition for interior design also relates to historic preservation
the preservation of the built environment. Below are the indicated Standards for
Preservation ;
relationships. Where a treatment and use have not been identified, a property will
3. Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place and use.
Work needed to stabilize, consolidate and conserve existing historic materials and
4. Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right
requires repair or limited replacement of a distinctive feature, the new material will
gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials will
not be used.
In the book “Strategies for Additions to Historic Settings” of Steven W. Semes, this
strategy, while not replicating the original design, adds new elements in either the same or
favor of the latter. This strategy also has a long history: In fact, it is what most architects
have always done. Leon Battista Alberti, in his 15th-century treatise, urged architects
adding to a preexisting building to work in the same style as the original builder and
complete the work in the same spirit. He followed this principle to complete the facade of
Santa Maria Novella in Florence, adding to its medieval first story in kind, then subtly
transforming the style into a Renaissance flourish at the top. Giacomo Barrozzi da Vignola
and other Renaissance designers followed Alberti’s lead in their competition designs for
the facade of San Petronio in Bologna, extrapolating the existing gothic language without
replication9. Back at the Louvre, two hundred years after Lemercier, Louis Visconti and
Hector Lefuel designed the monumental facades on the Cour Napoléon in conscious
naturally to new work that is both differentiated and compatible with respect to its pre-
existing context. Unfortunately, some preservation authorities continue to resist the very
approach most likely to yield the results called for by the Charters and Standards they are
Walters P. (2002) maintains that the process, product, physical settings, self-image,
and dining occasion affect customers' experience at a fine dining establishment. He defines
the process as all service, which is conducted through the dining experience, (2) the product
as the food and beverage that are provided, (3) the physical settings as all elements of
interior and exterior design, (4) the self-image as the character that customers identify with
themselves, and (5) the dining occasion as the reason for dining out, such as a celebration,
business meeting, or similar event. The physical settings are focused on in this study,
despite Walters' research indicating that all five factors affect customers' decisions to dine
• Physical Settings
The environmental cues (interior design, color, aroma, music, etc) influence
customers' behavior in a store and the store revenue. Customers behave certain ways
Richardson, Jain, and Dick (1996) found that the customers, who receive negative feelings
from a store environment transfers the displeasure with the store's products. Richardson et
al. (1996) also noted that the business income was improved by design appeal.Walters
found that the color, lighting, and table setting in interior design function are "strongly"
counted by the respondents. The music played, artwork and ambiance, bathroom facilities
and overall setting performances resulted lower than the first three categories in their affect
on the customer. Parking and exterior appearance was perceived as the lowest ranking
temperature, cleanliness, odors, lighting, color, and music, creates an expectation of dining
experience even before the customer is served. Comfortable seating is another important
aspect of the physical setting that is determined by the condition of the furniture and the
arrangement of it. Customers' physical comfort directly influences their satisfaction of the
In a case where any of above elements irritates a customer in the space, he or she
will have a negative impression of the restaurant. Food and service are not the only factors
that determine a restaurant's success. Setting the appropriate stage is also crucial in creating
To encourage repeat visits, increase market share, and boost the bottom line,
restaurant's aesthetic value is important for competitive advantage. Based on current trends
in the industry and experiences with restaurateurs, Gorodesky and Madigan (2004) suggest
that knowing the design trends is critical in creating appealing and profitable restaurant
operations. Some of the recent trends in restaurant design incorporate elements such as
creating an upscale but casual theme, creating an entertainment themed restaurant; and
A restaurant floor plan is a sketch of your restaurant space that includes your dining
area, kitchen, storage, bathrooms, and entrances. The best restaurant floor plans support
There are several operational restaurant spaces that every restaurant needs. The size
of each will vary based on your restaurant’s style and whether customers eat on-site or take
food to go. The primary operational areas of the restaurant floor plan include:
Entry and waiting area: Your entry is the billboard for your restaurant. It should
communicate your concept and entice passersby to enter. Once inside, the greeting and
waiting areas depend on the type of establishment. For fine and casual dining, this area
needs serious consideration if you have wait times. For quick service and cafe concepts,
this space can be minimal, especially if you have a bar for counter service. The entryways
of all restaurants should comply with Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) regulations.
Dining areas: Restaurant dining areas typically need 60% of the restaurant space to
provide adequate seating and traffic flow. Delivery-only restaurants or quick-service spots
may not need this much room, however. If you use a point of sale (POS) system, you’ll
need to consider where to place terminals throughout your dining room as well.
Kitchen: In most restaurant floor plans, the kitchen takes up about 40% of your space. This
might seem like a lot for a space that patrons never see, but it’s the heart of your business.
Kitchens also need gas lines, water lines, electrical wiring, floor drains, and ventilation
hoods.
Restrooms: If you can place restrooms near your kitchen area, you can save money by
tying into nearby plumbing and water lines. Depending on your space’s size, it’s a good
idea to add a staff-only restroom, too. Keep in mind that your restrooms need to be ADA
compliant as well.
Delivery entrances and loading docks: In most locations, you don’t receive supplies
through the same entrances that customers use. Large commercial buildings will already
have loading docks or back entrances for vendor deliveries. If your building does not have
one, it is a good idea to add a delivery entrance to your restaurant. You don’t want
Staff areas and back office: Most restaurants need a back office to hold sensitive business
information like personnel files, tax documents, computing equipment, and cash reserves.
Some cities also require employers to provide break areas for staff as well. If you have the
space, a staff locker room is an excellent addition so that your team can change from street
clothes into work clothes and securely stow their personal belongings while they work.
in the year 2010. The objective of this document is to provide owners and technical persons
the general idea of what maintenance of historic sites and structures is all about, and what
should and should not be done. The following are considered maintenance works:
d. Check floor planks, floor frames, floor slabs, floor tiles, vaulted structures, stairs and
railings
a. Mechanical cleaning
b. Chemical cleaning
5. Repointing (Undertaken when joint mortar has either pulverized or has been lost)
6. Replastering (When existing protective plastering has become inadequate to protect the
depending on the quality of surface preparation made and paint coating materials during
9. Pest control treatment (Preferably right after the instance of noticing the infestation or
Theft, war, civil disorder, terrorism, neglect and vandalism are human factors in the
accidental or wilful destruction of our heritage (Teijgeler, 2001). Of these threats, armed
experienced more than once how shocking the effects of a violent struggle can be on the
heritage of countries. Undoubtedly, the final decade of the 20th century was marked by
destruction of heritage on a symbolic scale that has been unrivalled for the past several
centuries. Disasters need to be managed in order to control them, or at least to mitigate the
effects. Disaster Management Cycle should address issues relevant to all phases of the
and that every institution has to prepare for disasters with its own unique plan.
The definition of objects and structures of the past as consisting of heritage, and the
policies related to their protection have evolved together with modernity, thus this is
eighteenth century, the goal of this protection has been defined as the cultural heritage of
humanity, and gradually this has included not only ancient monuments and past work of
art, but even entire theories for a variety of new values generated in recent decades. For
instance, in its medium term programme of 1989, UNESCO defined the full scope of such
heritage “The cultural heritage may be defined as entire corpus of material signs - either
artistic or symbolic - handed on by the past to each culture and therefore to the whole of
as a legacy belonging to all humankind, the cultural heritage gives each particular place its
recognizable features and is the storehouse of human experience. The presentation and the
preservation of the cultural heritage are therefore a cornerstone of any cultural policy.” The
weather, the aging process and consumption by use. Buildings can also be modified, due
to changes in function or changes in taste or fashion. Other than that, many historic
buildings and works of art in many places risk damage due to natural risk-phenomenon.
Besides many heritage buildings are at risk due to armed conflicts, willful damage and
Bahay na Bato
The bahay na bato is a Filipino structure developed during the Spanish colonial era,
adapted from the local bahay kubo as evidenced by its skeletal structure being a house on
stilts. Proving that the bahay na bato is Filipino was a step forward in reclaiming our
independent existence as a people—one with rich culture, tradition, and heritage long
before our islands were colonized. The new Filipino nation that emerged after three
centuries of Spanish rule is not immune from outside influences (Arguson, 2021).
The typical Bahay na Bato used the ground floor for storage, office space or horse
stables. Whereas the second floor contained the main living area. The grandest staircase
the family could afford was built that ascended to the main floor. These colonial houses
were established to introduce the Western concept of permanence which stated that a house
must last forever. Expansive scale and its grandeur appearance characterized the Bahay na
Bato; with its vernacular style that incorporated real or pastiche arched decorations on its
façade, windows or carved doors, cirlicued grillework on windows and the grand staircase
are watered-down derivatives. After all, the rich illustrados lived in such homes.
In the study of Cornestones Community (2006), moisture is the number one cause
of structural failure in adobe walls. In massive adobe walls it is important to know the
moisture content of the interior of the wall. Moisture content in walls can be monitored to
determine their present condition and how to approach repairs. The presence, if not the
amount, of moisture is simple to detect by touch and sight. Signs of moisture include
deterioration or staining of plasters and paints; structural cracks that have been caused by
settling; rotten wood members; or the smell of dampness/mildew. These conditions should
maintained adobe walls will suffer from a variety of deterioration problems. Among the
most common are wind and rain erosion leading to moisture problems in the walls
Cornestones Community (2006) stated the root cause of the moisture of adobe
walls, many historic earthen structures in the Southwest are built without footings or are
built on footings of river cobbles or ledge stone set in mud mortar. Whenever an earthen
wall is in contact with wet ground, wicking or capillary action draws moisture into the wall.
Long-term moisture entrapment causes adobes to lose their structural integrity. The wall
will slump and may eventually collapse. Broken gutters and downspouts, broken and leaky
plumbing, a high water table, invasive vegetation, improper drainage and man-made ponds
will also lead to deterioration in earthen walls. Other possible causes of drainage problems
are the addition of concrete sidewalks and roads or pavement near the structure. These new
infrastructures change the way the land naturally drains and thus cause erosion at the base
of earthen walls.
protect, preserve, conserve and promote the nation’s cultural heritage, its property and
histories, and the ethnicity of local communities. It also aims to establish and strengthen
cultural institutions and protect cultural workers and ensure their professional development
and well-being.
Through this law, the State endeavors to create a balanced atmosphere where the
historic past co-exists in harmony with modern society, and to administer the heritage
resources in a spirit of stewardship for the inspiration and benefit of the present and future
generations.
The following cultural properties are considered Important Cultural Property for
5. Marked structure;
All cultural properties declared as Important Cultural Property may receive government
funding for its protection, conservation, and restoration. An official Heritage Marker shall
cultural property.
The cultural properties may also be declared as National Cultural Treasures and
Cultural Property. This law provides for its procedure. The registration and conservation
of cultural property is an important feature if this act. For this purpose, the establishment
units, through their cultural offices, are tasked to maintain inventories of cultural properties
under their jurisdiction. To conserve the cultural property, it is required that all intervention
works and measures on conservation of cultural properties must strictly adhere to the
heritage of different communities helps with intercultural dialogue and encourages mutual
respect for other ways of life. There is a risk that certain elements of intangible cultural
heritage could die out or disappear without help, but how can we safeguard and manage a
heritage that is constantly changing and part of ‘living culture’ without freezing or
trivializing it? Safeguarding them is about the transferring of knowledge, skills and
music instrument or a craft. There is a risk that certain elements of intangible cultural
heritage could die out or disappear without help, but how can we safeguard and manage a
heritage that is constantly changing and part of ‘living culture’ without freezing or
trivialising it? Safeguarding them is about the transferring of knowledge, skills and
wonder almost every country around the world are laying down strategies to accomplish
such an enormous task. Firstly, heritage sites reflect the anthropological, historical, and
cultural values of a people (De la Torre 2013). Such reflections include human behaviour,
beliefs, art, as well as relations. Therefore, it is vital to conserve heritage sites and
properties as a platform of teaching or learning the past way of life of s given group of
people (Embaby, 2014). Furthermore, some of these sites serve as a significant reminder
Secondly, the rich historical social delineations associated with a given heritage site
or property plays a significant role in reminding members of the society of the social values
that governed the ancestors of a particular group of people in the past (Jones, 2017). This
way, it is possible to comprehend and even gain from the social values of such people for
the betterment of the society. Furthermore, the cultural identities associated with certain
(Shinbira, 2012).
or site can become a tourist attraction possible due to of its architectural beauty as well as
its historical significance (García-Hernández et al., 2017). In such a manner the heritage
can provide economic benefits not only to the government but also the community living
within the vicinity of such a heritage. Furthermore, the conservation of built heritages has
the capability to contribute to sustainable development both in the present and in the future
(Nocaa, 2017).
Related Studies
These studies dealt with topics - both foreign and local- related mainly to the
preservation, and ways to achieve them through the use of standard and guidelines. The
approaches focus on enhancing the built interior spaces of a restaurant following the
Foreign Studies
According to Partners and Tourism Strategies, there are several strategies to support
the success of cultural heritage tourism: 1) Collaborate: working together with all
stakeholders. 2) Find the fit: meet the needs of residents and visitors so cultural heritage
tourist could benefits everyone. 3) Focus on quality and authenticity: the importance of
storytelling of an area or objects that potentially add value and attract visitors/tourists. 4)
Preserve and protect: the historical, cultural and natural resources of a community are very
valuable and frequently incapable to be replaced (T. Lussetyowati, 2015). Related to the
importance of preserving tradition by telling local stories, folklore is one of the inheritances
of culture and local wisdom, which can be used as a unique inspired narration in interior,
furniture and interior accessories design implementation. The application of folklore theme
can be integrated into design plan, such as furniture, colours, floor patterns, walls, ceilings,
and in other interior accessories design and details that can strengthen the atmosphere of a
increase the emotional experience and deliver special memories for visitors.
In the study, the creative potential design was integrated by involving several
creative economic sub- sectors, including architecture, interior design, product design,
fashion, crafts, and performing arts. Interior design plays a role in applying elements of
local culture to support a room that has a unique local ambiance. By applying interior
elements which come from local folklore inspiration, will be experienced by the tourists or
The aimed of the interior design plan, is also to preserve the local cultural values
and local wisdom, that contained in folklores meaning, while also providing added value
and contributing to preserve the environment and the sustainability of UMKM (micro,
small and medium enterprises) in the creative sector and tourism sector development in
Indonesia.
Local Wisdom Elements Implementation
strong identity that is meaningful for design inspirations. The example of inspirations is
including the authentic Malay culture with Islamic spirituality and the existence of Siak
Palace as an iconic architectural heritage and place where the safecabinet is located and the
use of river as one of important ways for public transportation. The design inspirations are
important aspects in design that can provide a memorable local uniqueness experience for
visitors and tourists and potential in strengthen the identity for local tourism.
The unique essence of the story is implemented in interior design, including a set
of dining table and chairs for local home and a stage design for traditional dance
performance. The folklore exploration in furniture design and interior accessories are
implemented based on the strength of local folklore related to rivers, sultanates and Malay
nuances. In this study, the furniture design is inspired by the form of furniture inside the
Siak Palace and combining “the palace style” with the peculiar shape of the winding and
undulating river. The typical form of the river is applied to the armrests and backrests.
While the colors of the seat cover and dining table cover use fabrics with distinctive Malay
interior, as opposed to purely preservation actions, often requires intervention in the very
basic fabric of the construction of the building, its modification or, in extreme cases, its
entails the need to take many decisions, often conflicting. Operational requirements,
regulations. He used method adopted to solve design problems rely on restoring the original
structure. In his study, He convert the heritage building for a sports hall purposes, with
several accompanying utility rooms. Figures below is the output of the study.
Aziz Q. (2005) study the restoration of the Shaughnessy House required specialized
knowledge of restoration, since the intervention included the adaptation of new and
structure to carry office loads, the addition of skylights and installation of new kitchens. It
should be noted that major restoration work is artisanal, rather than industrial. The
mahagony paneling, the banisters, paneled doors, wooden shutter and other decorative
parts as needed.
According to Canadian Centre for Architecture building, with the new structure
embracing the historic Shaughnessy House, reflects the influence of the Shaughnessy
House in every part of its design. At the same time, it represents the traditions of Montreal
in contemporary architecture. This is an example of how the new can enhance the old,
especially when the old is authentic, persists with all its integrity and serves the requirement
found in its layouts of structure and the organization of its spaces. This is a work that was
inspired by the history and traditions of the city, starting with what exists and picking up
This case study of and Latham (2000) is an example of utilizing the advantage that
commercial and industrial interiors offer. Office, workshop, or studio spaces, need minimal
industrial users require very basic accommodations in terms of the "shell and core," unlike
specialty designs, such as hospitals, which need to pass special code and regulations, or
interior decoration are required. The old warehouse was built to house trains transporting
barrels of beer and crates of whisky. The Derwent business center conserves the essential
Removal of bricks from closed windows and repair of steel frames to the original cast iron
pattern, and reshaping and glazing the openings on the first floor to create an entrance
facade for easier access and more natural lighting were the major changes for exterior
renovation.
These major changes involved using a loading alley to create an internal street along
the entire length of the building, where offices and studios are located. The conservation
of the railway created the upper level of the internal street. This upper level provided a
feeling of depth looking down the street. The main architectural structure is reserved after
example of the historic building renovation that shows usage change from the hotel to the
housing and retail space. This old building, built in 1843, is located in the historic central
business district of the village of Bellow Falls, Vermont. The hotel was once a center of
the community and a hub of town activity, and its architectural significance was an
attraction for residents and tourists. Residents in Bellows Falls decided to preserve their
The exterior details have minimal change, but they either save or repair the original
shape and re-open the closed up existing openings. The interiors were not salvaged because
most details were lost after a serious fire in 1960, and the building had been vacant since
then. An arcade, which is preserved with the original arched opening fac;ade, shields the
retail space on the first floor, and forty-two units of housing for older residents are rebuilt
on the upper three stories. Public space in the atrium between the Rockingham Canal House
and a neighboring building and an elevator are newly added as updated functions.
building, with the building itself being an artifact. In this case, saving the building’s
documentary value is important, as the material value is one important issue needed to be
considered for conservation. Its restoration is required that the building be returned to good
health and full use while maintaining as much of the existing fabric as possible, so, as to
preserve its sense of age and authenticity. Preserving authenticity also implies respecting
the design values of the past and maintaining the distinction between the contributions of
different generations. Another challenge has been the establishment of contemporary uses
for the building and to make the building fit for that contemporary use. That has been done
successfully by the design scheme and the use of contemporary material for the office
interior of the 20th century, which is respectful to the heritage character and does not have
any impact over the integrity of the building. At the same time, the architectural planning
of interior spaces has taken the positive strengths of the building as its original use pattern
building’s original circulation pattern, and hierarchy of spaces, which makes it fit the
contemporary office use. Ottawa Teachers’ College is a work of art and glorious evidence
of the past, which is still undergoing this transformation and will survive and serve
generation after generation. Pictures below are the present interiors of Ottawa Carleton
Lee J. (2005) study explore the application of two frameworks, historic preservation
and experiential strategies, to a practical interior design project. The underlying promise is
that, when coupled with effective marketing practices such as those contained in aesthetic
experience theory, historic preservation can become a powerful tool to bring old buildings
back to revitalize their communities. This study presents the practical direction of interior
design for a dinner theater and · an accommodation space in the historical environment of
the E.E. Warren Opera House in the Public Square, Greenfield, Iowa. The study provides
an interior design concept adhering to historic preservation theory as one part of a whole
renovation project of the old opera house building. To apply appropriate interior design,
the significant historical values are studied and maintained. Revitalization of the old opera
house building could contribute to the development of new cultural and historical
Local Studies
The things from the past were valued enough today or at present to preserve the
future generations. For all of us, the word heritage gives us or thinks of old structures, old
churches, old houses, including culture, traditions, and even the food that we eat from
previous generations (Anaca et al., 2021). They believed everywhere has a heritage.
According to Nichol D. (2015), he said our modern lives are a continuation of our heritage.
In the Philippines, according to Barbara Gordon-De los Reyes, owner of Barbara's Heritage
Restaurant, heritage restaurant has been entertaining local and foreign guests for more than
twenty years now. In addition, when Filipinos especially elders eat in heritage restaurant
they order traditional foods, such as pork or chicken adobo, kare-kare, pork or beef sinigang
and sinigang na sugpo are among favorite food. These top of the mind Filipino dishes are
now also exhibit in other countries, which means it implies good food in different cultures.
as longevity in the restaurant industry especially at this time of pandemic. Maintaining the
heritage restaurant is quite difficult because they need effective marketing strategy amid
pandemics. Some heritage restaurants' owners admitted that they find technology quite
intimidating, but it does not bother them too much because after all, tourists, and locals
alike to go to heritage restaurant to experience and taste of Filipino food and culture. A
heritage’s meaning is not only limited in preserving old things, gaining years of memories
and history. Rather, a heritage gives people experience of time traveling towards to the
strategy in renovation project of Luneta hotel. Built in the French renaissance architecture,
it is considered as the only building in the Philippines with such an architectural type. The
building has operated as a hotel since its opening and continued to do so until the late 70‟s.
Unfortunately, due to some financial constraint the hotel has closed and was left to decay.
Identified by the National Historical Institute as a heritage building, the owners of the
Luneta Hotel‟s intentions to demolish the building was prevented. Presently, the building
is slowing deteriorating due to neglect of the owner, probably due to its lack of economical
viability.
His study aim that a conservation plan could be formulated for the Luneta Hotel,
identifying the procedures to be used to restore the building, identifying significant, less
significant and obtrusive additions to the building, which could be retained or removed. He
used conservation and maintenance, consolidation, replication and rehabilitation for the
intervention process of the interiors. In closing a quotation from Bernald Fielden , “The
best way of preserving buildings as opposed to objects, is to keep them in use –a practice
which may involve what the French call „mise en valeur‟, or modernization with or without
adaptive alteration.
Adaptive Reuse Design Proposal for the Buño House in Taal, Batangas
The study of Agoncillo (2016) aims to transform the “Buño House”, an ancestral
house located in Balisong, Taal Batangas, into a Film Viewing Theater with the concept
“Roots” that features Taal’s historical mores, traditional products and tourist spots.The
“Buño House” has been existing for over 137 years since it was built in the year 1880.
Presently, the owner has been uncertain of what to do with the structure given that she and
her family are now residing abroad and refuses to occupy the house in situations where
In the study, Agoncillo (2016) formulates a viable solution to the issue of ambiguity
with regards to the future purpose of the space. Moreover, the proposal can uplift cultural
and historical appreciation, awareness and identity through its exhibition of Taal’s rich
culture and historical background and foster a meaningful experience and entertainment
not only to the Batangueños but also to the people who aspires to visit the place. Through
proposed filipino craftsman style for the interior renovation in taal lake conservation center.
He also examined the improvement of the work and learning of the users of the areas. His
will result to a sustainable eco-cultural conservation center and sought to improve the
facilities of Taal Lake Conservation Center such as, the office, conservation room and Its
Training Center, promote the ecological and cultural aspects of Taal Lake, to help the local
community to take power over their environment in a conscious and caring manner, and
promote the Taal Lake Conservation Center’s advocacy in bringing back the natural beauty
and habitat of the Lake. The proponent chose four areas namely; the exhibit area, office 1
and 2, loft, and multi-purpose area that will confer the emblematic description of Bangka
as its design concept that focuses on its theoretical and visual display. In his study, he used
one-on-one interview and ethnographic research to further understand and attend all the
necessary needs of the TLCC. As per the result, the proponent came up with the design
analysis by providing adequate storage, better ventilation, usage of standard materials, and
proposing a plan that would give better accommodation for the staffs, volunteers, and
guests. He focused on giving a more sustainable design through the use of bamboo
The design stage of his study, he provided efficient ventilation for the area, a
qualifiable flooring materials, stairs that meets the standard safety and security
requirements, and bedding that are sufficient for the guests that will spend the night at the
site. The stair railings are made of rattan in Davies diamante single component
charging and laptop table, and a built-in console table. He proposed five bamboo bed that
can accommodate the guests that will spend the night at the site. The elements, principles,
and considerations included in the study are: balance, form, color, emphasis, proportion,
rhythm, harmony, texture, and the theoretical and display aspect of Bangka.
conservation and preservation through adaptive reuse. It will catalyze change in the City's
ideas and policies of urban development by promoting the culture of Manila through
valuing its old heritages in sustainable practices, from local tourism to responsible business
or commercial practices.
Quiapo – Calle Hidalgo, one of many pueblos established by the Spanish during
their colonial rule. Quiapo serves as a commercial hub for Filipinos, Chinese, Spanish, and
other foreign nationals. Calle Hidalgo is known for its camera and photography suppliers,
and most people considered this place as home. But many do not know that Calle Hidalgo
hosts the 4 heritage residential and religious architecture that became an important epoch
of the history of Manila. Their study provides an overview of one of Manila’s oldest district
challenges that the district is currently facing. Moreover, the preservation measure that the
vandalism and permanent damage to Manila’s old heritage. In Conclusion, they elaborated
and utilization of these cultural heritages that can be maximized with government-
plan of Calle Hidalgo will be a novel and innovative tourist attraction which may be
Lingayen, retaining its heritage value without compromising its continued function as the
bricks, etc) and utilities (the storm drainage; the plumbing and electrical wiring; the fire
alarm systems). The restoration of the Capitol Building of Lingayen that would show
religious buildings or to any time period, whether colonial or not. It also debunks the
premise that conserved buildings have no practical use, but that their restoration should in
all cases try to retain their integrity as an integral part of architectural programming. The
programming however differs from ordinary architectural planning in the sense that
authenticity must always be paramount. The original intent of the builders should take
Philippine state architecture in the American Colonial Period, will be the test case. The
building is also embodied in the official provincial seal and is of historical value, and thus
is of great heritage value to the people of Pangasinan as a symbol of their ethnic- and self-
identity.
A well known as City of Smiles because of the famous Ati-atihan festival. The
people of Bacolod preserve not only their culture but also all the ancient buildings in their
province. Wealthy sugar baron Don Mariano Ledesma Lacson built the mansion in1900’s
for Maria Braga, his Portuguese wife. The Mansion’s structure resembles that of an Italian
architecture with neoclassical columns. The facades of the mansion are comparable to the
ones in Carnegie Hall. The belvedere facing west enables one to view the beautiful sunset
through the bay window. Imported lilies filled the garden of the mansion and around the
fountain. Don Mariano’s daughter Angelina tendered the garden of the mansion. It was
believed that the Mansion was burned during World War II to prevent Japanese Soldiers
The foundations and walls of the mansion remain strong and intact in spite of being
heavily scorched. Now, locals and foreign visitors visit the skeletal structure because of its
intricate design. The mansion has been converted to a café and its beauty has been enhanced
floor level to protect visitors in summer and rainy season. Nevertheless no major
conservation work was done as the original fabric of the building the concrete is still strong
and stand the test of time. 10 10The Timeless beauty of The Ruins, Talisay City, the
structure is similar to the San Ignacio ruined; the walls were the only distinctive design
elements that have remained. It is learnt that regular maintenance and stabilization of
ruined which conforms to conservation plan maintain the long term survival and
The Manila Jai Alai Building in Ermita, Philippines, was and still is often described
as an architectural masterpiece. Built in 1940, the four-story structure was considered one
of the finest Art Deco buildings in Asia during its time, and hosted jai alai games and other
pastimes of the rich and famous. It survived both the Japanese and American bombings of
Manila, with its restaurants, theaters, and rooftop gardens later converted to air raid
shelters, makeshift hospitals, and morgues—a testament to the strength of its construction.
In 2000, the building was razed by order of the Manila government to make room
for the city’s new Hall of Justice. But those plans were abandoned and the Hall of Justice
was never built. Now in the Jai Alai Building’s place is an empty lot fenced by rusting
aluminum sheets.
The demolition of the Manila Jai Alai Building may have not given way to a Hall
of Justice, but according to heritage architect Gerard Lico, it galvanized the heritage
conservation movement in the country.“This demolition was met with controversy and
intense backlash from the community, culminating in the passage of the National Cultural
Republic Act 10066, or the National Cultural Heritage Act, requires cities to
document and identify cultural heritage properties, including both built or immovable
heritage, like buildings, and movable heritage, like books and art. But having the law down
on paper does not mean it’s implemented on-ground. And the law, on its own, is ultimately
Batia A. (2003) dealt with identifying factors related to the interior environment of
a restaurant, which enhance the dining experience. The aim was to identify the effects of
various attributes of an interior and their effects on the human psyche and behavior. The
major aspects that were studied were color and light and their effects on human emotions
as well as perception of the interior environment. Several studies reported factors that
influence preferences in interior environments and reinforced the need for studies in the
field in order to create more meaningful environments that are comfortable and relaxing.
Other factors also emerged and literature with suggestions on design and development of
Knowledge of these attributes formed the basis for the design of a prototype for a
seafood restaurant in Tallahassee – Coral Reef. Both the functional and ambient
requirements were laid out to guide the design and the site was chosen on the outskirts of
Tallahassee. The basic concept behind the design evolved from the client’s need for a
highly sophisticated atmosphere and also from the client’s background as a naval officer.
References to marine life were kept subtle and the major element of the restaurant was
designed as a channel of water that meanders through the entire spaces and ties it all
together.
The focal points of the design are the water channel and the wine display. The water
channel serves the purpose of providing relief from heat generated within the restaurant or
transmitted from the southwest wall. The sound of water is pleasing to the human
subconscious mind and will also serve to compensate for the noise generated from the
bamboo flooring. It is a major feature of the design and serves to tie the entire restaurant
together while also segregating the main dining area, the bar lounge and the display kitchen
dining. The wine display and the desert bar are the central feature of the dining area and
serve to unite the first and second floor. The design was based on the idea of transforming
the space into an experience that would give the visitor relief and comfort away from the
Synthesis
Restaurant through the concept of preservation, using its guidelines and standard
principles.
minimum level of alteration in features would make a heritage building practical. It played
a fundamental role in the development of the “Secretary of the Interiors Standards for the
Treatment of Historic Buildings: Preservation” which will be analyzed and adapted in the
study.
Furthermore, Ruskin (1900) stated that reproducing original styles in the form of
restoration was an insult to the original architect of a heritage building. That’s why literal
replication will be avoided in the study to respect the original creator of the building.
However, in order to sustain the historic identity of the interior, the book of Semes (2010),
proposed a strategy on adding elements in a historic setting which is the “Invention within
a style”. This strategy, while not replicating the original design, adds new elements in either
the same or a closely related style, sustaining a sense of continuity in historic setting. This
strategy will be applicable to the study as it respects the pre-existing context but enhance
Walters P. (2002) put an emphasis on physical settings; all the elements of interior
and exterior, as it affects the dining experience of customers. Customers' physical comfort
directly influences their satisfaction of the dining experience and the intention to return.
Updating a restaurant's aesthetic value is important for competitive advantage. Also the
space planning, a 40/60 split between the kitchen and dining room is industry standard.
These will serve as a design consideration throughout the study to create a meaningful
(Teijgeler, 2001) stated that disaster cycles are some reasons that caused minimal
prevent that’s why it undergoes repair and maintenance in order to survive. While (Aziz,
2005) stated that besides many heritage buildings are at risk due to armed conflicts, willful
damage and demolition caused by humankind. In the present study it is considered that
each building and each situation is unique and must come up for an efficient design
planning of preservation, of which can minimize the effect of disaster and stabilize the
building.
reclaiming our independent existence as a people—one with rich culture, tradition, and
heritage long before our islands were colonized. Most of bahay na bato are built with adobe
stones, and problems in preservation of the stones were stated in the study of Cornestones
Community (2006). Moisture is the first main problem, and it is important to know the
moisture content of the interior of the wall to properly maintain. These can be helpful for
the present study since the interior walls and beams of Mustiola’s Restaurant were made
of adobe stones, and the owner stated this problem of maintaining those features.
National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 (RA No. 10066) is a law created by
Philippine Registry of Cultural Property (PRECUP) aims to protect, preserve, conserve and
promote the nation’s cultural heritage, its property and histories, and the ethnicity of local
communities. Lagod (2014) stated that intangible cultural heritage can disappear in in the
knowledge, skills and meaning of past culture. This factor could help the study to create
awareness and knowledge of the past history in the town, thus creating meaningful
Lussetyowati T. (2015) study explores several local folklores in Siak and applied it
as a design theme or concept in preserving a historic interior of Siak Palace. He stated that
importance of preserving tradition by telling local stories, folklore is one of the inheritances
of culture and local wisdom, which can be used as a unique inspired narration in interior,
furniture and interior accessories design implementation. This can be adapted in the study
by taking an inspiration from traditions in the town of Lucban which is the location of the
site, as the design can provide a memorable local uniqueness experience for visitors and
J. B kowski & J. Poplatek (2015) study the adaptive reuse in order to transform a
heritage building for a sports hall purposes, as this serves new function. On the other hand
the study of the Canadian Centre for Architecture (1945), they use minimal intervention
and alterations in the interior of e Shaughnessy House that elaborate its function as well as
the study of Lee J. (2005) and Latham (2000), minimal change and spatial intervention on
interiors and the use of preservation theory were emphasized for the renovation project.
The study of Agoncillo (2016) and Dimalanta et al., (2006) focuses on heritage
conservation and preservation through adaptive reuse with consideration of perception and
ambience, sense of curiosity, acoustics, treatment, and historical culture, while Mata R.
Based on the literature review and studies, it is obvious that there were compound
on its need, function, and considerations. Each historic interior and each situation is unique.
These case studies can be helpful in formulating and applying strategies in the
present study which focused on preservation with minimal alteration, repair, and adaptive
reuse of furniture pieces. It also provides analysis on how the new can enhance the old,
especially when the old is authentic, persists with all its integrity and serves the requirement
Conceptual Framework
DESIGN PROBLEM
DESIRED OUTCOMES
Enrich Historic Identity
Improve Functionality
Create Meaningful Spaces
Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. Mustiola’s restaurant is one
of the oldest historic building in the town of Lucban, Quezon. It is constructed in Spanish
colonial period, beyond the year of 1800’s. However, the built interior is losing the historic
integrity and identity due to the lack of sensitivity during numerous renovation and design
alteration and addition. Original interior fabrics have been greatly altered, while some
space has poor function and space planning, thus can affect the dining experience of
elements that are hard to find or recreate anywhere else. Thus, preservation of these historic
interiors will provide a tie to the local community that increases the sense of place of the
Preservation. Ruskin’s Preservation theory will enable minimal alteration, addition, repair,
and maintenance which are elaborated in the Secretary of the Interiors Standards for the
Treatment of Historic Buildings: Preservation. For designing historic heritage interior, the
designer must consider its historic identity, elements of design, as well as safety & comfort
of customers. Through this, the designer can come up with strategies for the enhancement
of the historic cultural heritage restaurant which will embody the whole design process and
achieve the desired outcomes of the study; enrich historic identity, improve functionality,