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    DC Machines

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    prince ian cruz
    This document discusses various topics related to three-phase transformers, per-unit systems, DC generators, DC motors, and testing procedures. It covers transformer configurations, per-unit calculations, DC generator components and equations, torque equations for different motor types, speed regulation, and tests to determine losses. The key information presented includes transformer and per-unit calculations, DC generator EMF and armature equations, torque proportionality for series and shunt motors, and motor tests like the pony brake test.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DC Machines

    Uploaded by

    prince ian cruz
    57 views10 pages
    This document discusses various topics related to three-phase transformers, per-unit systems, DC generators, DC motors, and testing procedures. It covers transformer configurations, per-unit calculations, DC generator components and equations, torque equations for different motor types, speed regulation, and tests to determine losses. The key information presented includes transformer and per-unit calculations, DC generator EMF and armature equations, torque proportionality for series and shunt motors, and motor tests like the pony brake test.

    Original Description:

    DC Machines Reviewer

    Original Title

    DC MACHINES

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    This document discusses various topics related to three-phase transformers, per-unit systems, DC generators, DC motors, and testing procedures. It covers transformer configurations, per-unit calculations, DC generator components and equations, torque equations for different motor types, speed regulation, and tests to determine losses. The key information presented includes transformer and per-unit calculations, DC generator EMF and armature equations, torque proportionality for series and shunt motors, and motor tests like the pony brake test.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    57 views10 pages

    DC Machines

    Uploaded by

    prince ian cruz
    This document discusses various topics related to three-phase transformers, per-unit systems, DC generators, DC motors, and testing procedures. It covers transformer configurations, per-unit calculations, DC generator components and equations, torque equations for different motor types, speed regulation, and tests to determine losses. The key information presented includes transformer and per-unit calculations, DC generator EMF and armature equations, torque proportionality for series and shunt motors, and motor tests like the pony brake test.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Three-Phase Transformer

    1. Wye-Wye
    V LP √3 V ϕP
    = =a
    V LS √ 3V ϕS

    2. Wye-Delta
    V LP
    =√3 a
    V LS

    3. Delta-Wye
    V LP a
    =
    V LS √ 3

    4. Delta-Delta
    V LP V ϕP
    = =a
    V LS V ϕS

    Per-Unit System of Three-Phase System


    S base
    I ϕ , base=
    3 V ϕ ,base

    3 ( V ϕ ,base ) 2
    Z base=
    S base

    Three-Phase Transformation Using Two Transformers


    1. Open-Delta
    P OD 1 √ 3 S total supplied
    = P each= cos (θ pf ±30)
    P3 ϕ √ 3 3
    DC Generators
    Coil Span
    slots
    poles

    Pitch of a Winding
    Y =Y B−Y F for lap

    Y =Y B +Y F for wave

    Number of brushes
    N lap =P

    N wave =2
    Number of commutator segments
    Z
    N c=
    2

    Number of armature current paths (a )


    a lap=mP

    a wave =2 m

    Generated EMF Equation


    PϕNZ
    E=
    60 a

    1 weber=1 ×108 maxwells


    1 gauss=10−4 Tesla
    R'a =Rarmature + R interpole + R compensating

    2 ' 2
    Peddy =k e ( N β m t ) w=k e E g

    1.6
    Physteresis =k h N β m w=k h
    '
    ( ) E1.6
    g

    f 0.6
    PL
    ef f max =
    P L +2 Pk

    Armature Reaction
    1. It demagnetizes or weakens the flux (reduced emf)
    Note: I → current per path
    Amp−Turns θ m
    Demagnetizing = × ZI
    Pole 360
    For neutralizing its effect
    ATd ATd
    (Shunt )∨ (Series)2. It cross-magnetizes the flux (sparking)
    I sh Ia

    ZI ( 1
    − m
    2 P 360
    θ
    )
    P
    θe = θ m
    2
    For compensating winding
    Z Pole arc
    ∙ ∙I
    2 P Pole Pitch
    Commutation
    T c → timena magrereverse yung current pagkadaan ¿ N− pole ¿ S− pole

    W b−W c
    T c=
    v
    L (2 I )
    ∴ Reactance Voltage=
    Tc

    Solution to Commutation is Interpole which produces commutating or reversing emf and


    also to neutralize the cross-magnetising effect of armature reaction (commutating pole)
    N CP I a=Total MMF of Conductors ∧Air gap under compoles

    Equilizer Rings – balance the current distribution through the parallel paths
    number of conductors
    No . of rings=
    number of pair of poles

    Parallel Operation of DC Generators

    Note: if different power but same voltage regulation, the additional load will be divided
    with respect to their load
    I add P1
    ∆ I 1=
    P1+ P 2

    V drop V drop
    I 1+ I 2=I T V NL1 − ( I now )=V NL 2− (I )
    I rated I rated now
    Characteristics of DC Generator
    1. No-load Saturation Characteristic (Field Current I f vs. Generated EMF E0 )
    2. Internal of Total Characteristic (Armature Current I a vs. EMF actually generated E)
    3. External Characteristic (Terminal Voltage V vs. Load Current I)

    DC Motors
    Torque Developed in the Armature

    τ =9.55 ( PN )
    d

    τ ∝ϕ Ia
    2
    ∴ for series , τ ∝ I a
    ∴ for shunt , τ ∝ I a

    Shunt Motor
    Series Motor

    2
    τ ∝ Ia
    E ∝ Ia

    τ ∝ Ia ϕ

    Long-Shunt Compound Motor


    Short-Shunt Compound Motor

    Armature Current Starting without the Rheostat


    Vs
    I as=
    Ra'
    Vs
    I as = '
    Ra+ R

    Speed Regulation
    N NL−N FL
    N FL
    Pony Brake Test
    τ =( scale reading−dead weight ) ×(lenght of arm)

    Test to Determine Constant Losses of a Motor


    2
    Pk =V sNL I aNL−I aNL Ra

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